...TAMADUN ISLAM : MASALAH, IKTIBAR DAN CADANGAN. Meskipun sesuatu tamadun itu mampu menguasai dunia dan melalui zaman kegemilangan, namun masih terdapat kemungkinan tamadun tersebut mengalami zaman kejatuhan. Tamadun Islam terkenal dengan kecemerlangan pentadbirannya, namun ia mengalami zaman kemunduran disebabkan beberapa masalah yang melanda. Antara faktor-faktor umum kejatuhan : 1. Kelemahan pucuk pimpinan. Kegemilangan tamadun Islam sebenarnya berdasarkan oleh umara (pemerintah) dan ulama (ilmuwan). Namun, kejatuhan tamadun Islam juga disebabkan oleh kerakusan umara (pemerintah) yang bertindak memperalatkan ulama (ilmuwan) demi kepentingan peribadi. 2. Perebutan kuasa kerana kebanyakan pemimpin mewariskan tampuk pimpinan kepada anak atau ahli keluarga. Ini menyebabkan pengganti yang seterusnya kurang layak untuk memimpin masyarakat pada ketika itu. Apabila pemimpin meninggal dunia, berlaku pertelagahan berkenaan siapa yang layak menjadi pengganti sehingga meyebabkan perebutan yang menjejaskan kerajaan Islam. Pemimpin sanggup melakukan apa sahaja untuk memastikan kuasa kekal di tangan mereka. 3. Sikap lupa diri dalam kalangan pembesar. Bermula sikap lupa diri seperti suka bermewah-mewah, minum minuman keras, perempuan dan berhibur sehingga menimbulkan perselisihan dalam kalangan pemimpin dan pembesar. 4. Sistem pentadbiran dan ekonomi yang lemah. Pada penghujung pemerintahan kerajaan Turki Uthmaniyyah mereka terpaksa menanggung hutang yang dipinjam...
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...2. Berikut adalah elemen-elemen asas pembentukan tamadun kecuali: A Hayat penghidupan stabil yang panjang. B Lahir dan berkembangnya daya kekreatifan dan meningkatnya penciptaan sains dan teknologi. C Adanya undang-undang yang teratur dan berwibawa untuk mengawal perlakuan anggota masyarakatnya. D Wujud organisasi bukan kerajaan (NGO) dalam bidang politik, ekonomi, sosial dan pendidikan yang teratur dan sistematik. 3. Tamadun manusia secara tipologi dibahagikan kepada 4 ciri, pilih 4 ciri yang dimaksudkan:. I Tamadun Mistik. II Tamadun Intelektual. III Tamadun Materialistik. IV Tamadun berasaskan wahyu. A I, II dan III. B I, II dan IV. C I, III dan IV. D Semua di atas. 4. Hubungan, pertemuan, komunikasi dan sebagainya di antara individu, kelompok, masyarakat dan seterusnya negara adalah apa yang dikatakan sebagai: A Toleransi peradaban. B Pertemuan peradaban. C Interaksi antara peradaban. D Pertembungan peradaban (the clash of civilization). 5. Fakta manakah yang tepat menggambarkan faktor-faktor pendorong kepada kemunculan sesebuah tamadun? I Kesengsaraan hidup. II Kemenangan di dalam peperangan. III Penghayatan yang tinggi kepada moral dan nilai murni. IV Rangsangan daripada semangat wanita-wanita dan kaum ibu. A I, II dan III. B I, II dan IV. C I, III dan IV. D Semua di atas. 6. Salah satu daripada kenyataan berikut bukan merupakan sifat-sifat utama sesebuah tamadun. A Kewujudan satu atau beberapa bahasa yang...
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...MANAGEMENT COURSE CODE : SKP 2203 COURSE NAME : TAMADUN ISLAM & ASIA PROGRAM NAME : BBA DATE : 12 APRIL 2014 SEMESTER 1 TRISEMESTER 3 ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED BY : 1. MAR BINTI MOHD NASIR EX03032 2. NURUL IZATI BINTI HAMZAH EX03027 3. NURUL AMALINA `ADANI BINTI MOHAMMAD EX03035 4. MOHD FIRDHAUS BIN SHAHARIM EX03057 5. MOHAMED AL-GADHAFEE ABDUL RAHIM EX03059 SUBMITTED TO : DR ARFAH AB. MAJID PENDAHULUAN Setiap tamadun mengalami graf kelahiran, kebangkitan, klimaks dan kejatuhannya tersendiri. Zaman kemunduran yang mereka alami tidak bermakna tiada tindakan susulan yang diambil. Ia bagaikan sebuah kitaran hidup di mana setiap kejayaan akan berakhir dengan kejatuhan dan mereka akan bangkit semula daripada kejatuhan dan akhirnya kemajuan dapat dikecapi semula. Begitu juga dengan sejarah Zaman Kegelapan Barat, di mana kemajuan Tamadun Islam merupakan titik tolak kemunculan semula kejayaan mereka. Berikut merupakan pengaruh dan sumbangan Tamadun Islam terhadap kebangkitan Zaman Kegelapan Barat. PENGARUH TAMADUN ISLAM TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN TAMADUN BARAT 1) Faktor Islam itu sendiri Keadaan masyarakat Arab sebelum kemunculan Islam mempunyai persamaan dengan keadaan masyarakat Eropah pada zaman kemunduran mereka. Kezaliman politik, kejatuhan ekonomi, dan kesengsaraan rakyat merupakan persamaan yang sangat jelas jika dibandingkan secara keseluruhannya. Islam amat mementingkan penguasaan ilmu, peradaban dan membenci...
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...SUMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN DALAM MEMPERKASAKAN TAMADUN BANGSA : PERSPEKTIF ISLAM Berdasarkan jurnal Sumbangan Pendidikan dalam Memperkasakan Tamadun Bangsa: Perspektif Islam karya Ahmad Munawar Ismail dan Noranizah Yusuf, pendidikan adalah aspek yang boleh membentuk nilai-nilai moral dan mampu juga membangkit kemusyikilan dalam kalangan masyarakat. Hal ini berbeza dalam pendidikan Islam, kewujudan kitab-kitab suci seperti Al-Quran, Al-Sunnah dan Hadith bukan digunakan untuk keimanan sahaja tetapi untuk mendidik dan memupuk kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan dalam sesebuah masyarakat. Pendidikan dari perspektif Islam merupakan sesuatu ajaran yang luas skopnya, bersifat holistik, dan tidak sememangnya tegar atau sempit ajarannya yang difahami oleh sesetengah orang. Tambahan pula, pengajaran pendidikan Islam juga bertujuan untuk memantapkan pemikiran dan pandangan seseorang individu terhadap ajarannya serta akhlak masyarakat berteraskan Al-Quran dan Al-Sunnah. Jika umat Islam gagal menerapkan pendidikan Islam berasaskan Al-Quran dan Al-Sunnah, maka umat Islam tersebut mampu terjebak dalam lembah kehinaan. Jurnal ini juga telah memberi beberapa konsep,falsafah dan objektif pendidikan Islam. Antaranya ialah, pendidikan Islam adalah pendidikan yang falsafah dan tujuan serta teori-teorinya dibangun untuk melaksanakan praktik pendidikan yang didasarkan kepada nilai-nilai Islam yang terkandung dalam Al-Quran dan Hadis Nabi (H.M Chabib Thoha, 1996:3). Jika ditelusuri, Al-Quran...
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...CETUSAN SAINS ISLAM Oleh Hafizah Iszahanid dan Nasron Sira Rahim Berita Harian Rahsia ilmu sains, teknologi dinyatakan dalam al-Quran terus dibongkar “BACALAH dengan nama Tuhanmu yang menciptakan sekian makhluk. Ia menciptakan manusia dari sebuku darah beku. Bacalah dan Tuhanmu yang Maha Pemurah; yang mengajar manusia melalui pena dan tulisan. Ia mengajar manusia apa yang tidak diketahuinya,” (al-Alaq: 1 hingga 5). Dimulakan dengan wahyu pertama daripada Al-Quran itu, dunia Jahiliyah yang menggambarkan kemunduran tamadun manusia dari segi sains, teknologi dan intelektual sekitar zaman Rasulullah SAW terus dipacu menuju ke puncak pencapaian. Berdasarkan teori dan asas pengetahuan pelbagai bidang yang termaktub dalam al-Quran, kajian demi kajian dipelopori umat Islam mewujudkan satu tamadun gemilang dari sudut ilmu, khususnya sains dan teknologi. Ketika al-Quran diturunkan, pelbagai fakta di dalamnya jelas masih asing di kalangan manusia ketika itu. Tiada siapa mengetahui hakikat kehidupan seperti tertera dalam al-Quran antaranya cakerawala bergerak secara terapung (Yaasiin: 40), bumi bergerak (An-Naml: 88), pokok menghasilkan bahan bakar (Yaasiin: 80), atom adalah benda terkecil (Yunus: 61) dan semakin tinggi semakin sukar bernafas (Al-An'aam: 125). Berbekalkan maklumat daripada kalam Allah itu, umat Islam mula meneroka ilmu sains dan kegemilangannya memuncak pada adab ketujuh apabila umat Islam menunjukkan kecenderungan dan minat mengkaji serta mempelajari...
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...UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK ------------------------------------------------- 94300 KOTA SAMARAHAN, SARAWAK ------------------------------------------------- FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES SSF 2014 RESEARCH METHODS RESEARCH PROPOSAL TAJUK: RUANG KOMUNIKASI SERTA BUDAYA PELAJAR LELAKI LEMBUT DAN PERSEPSI PELAJAR NORMAL DI UNIMAS DISEDIAKAN UNTUK PROF DR DIMBAB NGIDANG DISEDIAKAN OLEH MOHD NASHRIQ BIN NIZAM 37120 WA02 DUE DATE: 11 APRIL 2014 Isi Kandungan Tajuk | BAB 1PENGENALAN * 1.0 Pendahuluan * 1.1 Latar Belakang Kajian * 1.2 Penyataan Masalah * 1.3 Persoalan Kajian * 1.4 Matlamat Kajian * 1.5 Objektif Kajian * 1.6 Skop Kajian * 1.7 Kepentingan KajianBAB 2KAJAN LITERATUR * 2.0 Pengenalan * 2.1 Definisi Konsep dan Operasional * 2.2 Teori Kajian * 2.3 Hipotesis * 2.4 RumusanBAB 3KAJIAN METODOLOGI * 3.0 Pendahuluan * 3.1 Jenis Metodologi * 3.2 Pengumpulan Data * 3.3 Populasi Kajian * 3.4 Persampelan * 2.5 Instrumen Kajian * 2.6 Kawasan Kajian * 2.7 Skop Kajian * 2.8 Kod Etika * 2.9 Limitasi KajianRUJUKANAPPENDIX | BAB 1 PENGENALAN 1.0 Pendahuluan Bahagian ini menerangkan tentang latar belakang kajian, persoalan kajian, pernyataan masalah, matlamat kajian, objektif kajian, skop kajian dan kepentingan kajian. Pada 18 Julai 2011, Mohd. Ashraf Hafiz telah menggemparkan tanah air dengan membuat permohonan untuk menukar status jantinanya kepada perempuan di Mahkamah Sesyen Kuala Terengganu. Dia dikatakan...
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...Islam, which is today, one of the greatest religions of the world had its origin in Arabia in the seventh century. The doctrines of this faith were first proclaimed by Proclaimed by Prophet Muhammad under whose banner the scattered tribes of Arabia became a nation. Prophet Muhammad was born in A.D. 570 at Mecca in Arabia. From the beginning, Muhammad was absorbed in religion. He would often withdraw and spend days and night at a cave near Mt. Hira close to Mecca. Here he meditated and prayed. One night, as he was alone in the cave the angle Gabriel appeared to him and proclaimed Muhammad to be the messenger of Allah. He bade Muhammad to spread his faith among the people of Arabia. Muhammad accepted this as a true revelation from heaven and it encouraged him to now announce his mission. He openly announced himself as the prophet of Allah, ‘divinely commissioned to lead the Arab people to a new morality and a monotheistic faith’. Muhammad condemned the worship of many gods and idols, as was then prevalent amongst the Arab tribes. By doing so, he turned the Arabs and also his own tribesmen against himself. He was abused and stoned by them. Some Arabs got together to plan his murder. He took shelter in Medina. His flight to Medina with a group of followers on July 2, A.D. 622 is known as the Hijra and is regarded as the official beginning of the Mohammedan era. In Medina, Muhammad preached his religion and won many flowers. Muhammad said, “Allah is most great” and founded...
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...Faith Diversity We live in a multicultural society where we come in contact with various religions or denominations. To practice nursing competently, nurses need to be knowledgeable about various different faiths and be able to relate to patients of different cultures and faiths (Griffith, 2009). It is important for healthcare professionals and caregivers to understand faith diversity and their healthcare practices in order to provide them with holistically appropriate care (Griffith, 2009). The purpose of this paper is to discuss three types of faiths, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Islamic, as compare and contrast with Christianity, what their perspectives and components are on healing, and healthcare implications when providing care. Perspectives and Components on Healing Buddhism Buddhism originated from Asia. This is a philosophy based on Buddha’s life, “The Enlightened One” (SDH, n. d.). Buddha taught us that suffering arises from our craving and attachment, that we can free ourselves from these attachments through meditation, a path of wisdom, and morality (SDH, n. d.). According to the Buddhist philosophy, they believe in healing inwardly, that the individuals are responsible for their own wellbeing and the nature of living determines their health (Unknown, 2012). Suffering is optional. Health is an important aspect of Buddhism and they believe that the body is a temple, is sacred and should be well care for and respected. The body should be kept pure and should not have...
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...Spanish Empire. During the building process of their empires, the Ottoman and the Spanish both developed many similarities in their political, social, and economic affairs. A similarity between these empires was that they both had some type of slave system. Even though they did have some things in common there were also many differences that were between these empires. Some differences between these two were that the Ottomans had the devshirme slave system and the Spanish had the encomienda system. The devshirme system was the practice in which the Ottomans recruited and then forcibly took Christian boys from their families and put them in Ottoman society. These Christian boys were called Janissaries. The Janissaries were converted to Islam and trained so that they could obtain a high position in society such as being a military leader or a high administrator. The reason for this system was that the Ottomans wanted to have the most able men trained to lead the empire. The encomienda system was a practice employed by the Spanish during the colonization of the Americas. It was used to regulate Native American labor. In this system, Spanish-Americans were given grants from Spain for which they had to take care of a certain number of Native Americans. These men that were given grants were instructed to teach the natives the Spanish language and convert them to Christianity. In return, these men were allowed to take tribute from the natives in the form of labor and gold. This system...
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...de Souza Leão Jensen Cpr.nr. 170588-3218 Characters: 22. 050 Introduction Dubai is claimed by many to be the centre of the Middle East, and by some, of the world. Connecting many countries, continents, cultures and people Dubai is a very cosmopolitan place that combines old tradition and religion with modernity, innovation, pioneering and extravagance. From the old traditional souks to the new modern malls we see people from all over the world, dressed in many different ways. It is sometimes easy to spot where people come from, especially if they are wearing a traditional costume for their culture. The locals of Dubai and the surrounding Emirates are called Emirati and the official religion of the United Arab Emirates is Islam. The traditional dress of the Muslim woman from the UAE is the Abaya, a kind of maxi dress or robe, it is long, has long sleeves, it is loose fitting and in the UAE it is generally black and simple, it is made of very thin fabric to make it cool in the scorching summers of Dubai and the surrounding Emirates. Muslim women in different parts of the world wear different garments, but all with the same purpose, to cover the body and not show the shape of the body, but in Dubai there is a large number of women in the black Abayas. There is a great contrast between the tourists, wearing tank tops and shorts revealing a lot of skin, and the Muslim women covering up their entire body, and some even their faces. There are many misconceptions, assumptions...
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...Critical Thinking Paper Final Paper Critical Thinking – PHI 210 12/14/2012 Religions are the Cause of War Most religions are not complex in their beliefs. There is a God and his angels or a hierarchy of deities to get to God. There is a heaven and a hell of sorts that the person will go to when they pass on. Most times this depends on how you treated your fellow man or what you did to show God how you felt about him. It’s a no brainer really, the whole “Do unto others as you have them do unto you” or a form of this is in every religion. Then let’s not forget the Messiah or Prophet. Every religion has one. The messiah/prophet was sent by God; a form of himself as human to save humanity from their evil ways. In some religions he was born of the virgin and in others he did not get his calling until he was older. They are more than life and do no wrong. They go throughout the world helping the poor. A Robin Hood if you will; who took from the rich to give to the poor. Religions are rooted and grounded in tradition and give people something to believe in. A “Higher Power”. The “Higher Power” gives a sense of direction. The church through religion gives guidance on how to live our lives and be better people. Regardless of religion or sect, the church brings people together for understanding of the religion and to pray. The church plays an important and is very influential role in the way people live or conduct their lives (Erwin, 2012). With most religions...
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...That the person from another planet has an idea of what religion is in his or her understanding The person is able to distinguish religious person from a non religious person based on practices that he or she may display There is some reference to the person’s practice ie; text, documents, books etc. The person should be able to communicate or explain as to what his or religion is or is about Examples of behaviors or beliefs that one may observe based on the aforementioned criteria. Distinguishable behaviors from the status qou or norm. The person from another planet should be able to visibly see the differences in one externally almost immediately, since this is one of the characteristics of religions in the world. For example, in Islam one can identified by the facial hair, in Buddhism, specifically Buddhist monks, one can see by the shaved head and dress and in Indian religions, a woman can be identified by the Cum-Cum on her forehead Communication and or expression A person of a religious persuasion or belief should have the capacity to discuss his or her...
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...Richard Bernal July 5, 2013 World Religions Professor McCormack Can Science and Religion Co-Exist We hear from different scholars and people that science and religion can co-exist and some says it cannot. I say that it can to a certain extent. I believe that science is what God wants us to know and he has helped us throughout the ages discover new things. We discovered that the Sun is the center of the Milky Way and that the planets revolve around it. We discovered that the Earth is round and that people will not fall off. New planets are being discovered and old planets becoming something else (poor Pluto). I will also explain why I believe that science and religion can co-exist to a certain point later on in the paper. According to Professor Ayala, “Science and religious beliefs need not be in contradiction if they properly understood. They cannot be in contradiction” (NPR, 2010 ). I have always asked myself, how did God created the Earth? I still ponder that. We know from the first book in the bible that God created the world on day one (whatever that means in God years). So what if science has a few theories on how it happened. What if science may be on the right track into figuring it all out? In this case I do believe what Professor Ayala said that religion and science does not need to be in contradiction for as long as they are understood. Now here is my issue, the origin of life. Professor Ayala explains that religion tells us how to get to heaven but science...
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...Among the five great religions to which nearly nine-tenths of present-day humanity belong, Buddhism and Christianity have been the most frequent subjects of comparison. And rightly so. Because, together with Islam, and unlike Hinduism and Chinese universism, they are “world religions,” that is to say, forms of belief that have found followers not merely in a single though vast country, but also in wide regions of the world. Buddhism and Christianity, however, differ from Islam in so far as, unlike the latter, they do not stress the natural aspects of world and man, but they wish to lead beyond them. A comparison between Buddhism and Christianity, however, proves so fruitful mainly because they represent, in the purest form, two great distinctive types of religion which arose East and West of the Indus valley. For two millennia, these religious systems have given the clearest expression of the metaphysical ideas prevalent in the Far East and in the Occident, respectively. The similarities between these two religions extend, if I see it rightly, essentially over three spheres: (1) the life history of the founder; (2) ethics; and (3) church history. 1. The biographies of Buddha and Christ show many similar features. Both were born in a miraculous way. Soon after their birth, their future greatness is proclaimed by a sage (Asita, Simeon). Both astonish their teachers through the knowledge they possess, though still in their early childhood. Both are...
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...Chapter: 1 Introduction 1. Introduction As mandatory requirement of the Bachelor of the Business Administration (BBA) program under Eastern University, this report entitled – “Business Strategy”, a study on Fareast Islamic Life Insurance Co. Ltd. Insurance is a growing business in Bangladesh and has more and more scope to develop the economy of Bangladesh. In this report, we have tried our best to introduce the company and show their background, company policies, financial condition, performance and various analyses. 1.2 Objectives of the Study The report is the part of the Insurance sector that we are studying in our BBA course. The objective of the report is to present the practical view about the “Insurance Practices in Bangladesh”, that provides facility to the ends of the Individuals and to transform our modern social order. 3. Scope of the Study The scope of this report is limited to overall description of the company, its services and its financial performance analysis. The scope of the study is limited to organizational setup, functions and performance. Since FILIC is still its growth stage in Bangladesh; it has go to long way to achieve its destination. The report will mainly focus on what criteria FILIC maintaining before insuring and their claim settlement process. The will also emphasize on the financial ratios. 1.4 Methodology of the Study Selected Subject Matter We have...
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