Harvard
Referencing
System
Tunku Abdul Rahman College
Compiled by Dr Chook Ka Joo
Quality Assurance Department
Tunku Abdul Rahman College and Mr Johnny Chin Fui Chung
School of Social Science and Humanities
Tunku Abdul Rahman College 2010
For Internal Circulation Only
CONTENTS
Page
1.0
INTRODUCTION
1
THE IMPORTANCE OF CITING REFERENCES
1
REFERENCING SYSTEM
1
THE HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM
2
CITATION IN THE TEXT
2
THE REFERENCE LIST
6
EXAMPLES OF REFERENCING
9
2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 REFERENCES
For Internal Circulation Only
TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN COLLEGE HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM
1.0 INTRODUCTION Referencing or citing means acknowledging the source of information and ideas you have used in your assignments (e.g. essay, report, project, research paper, etc.). This is a standard practice at all institutions of higher learning including
Tunku Abdul Rahman (TAR) College. This learning guide on Harvard referencing system was developed based on the following references: Curtin University Library 2007, Harvard Referencing.
Fisher, D & Hanstock, T 1998, Citing References.
Saunders, M, Lewis, P & Thornhill, A 2005, Research Methods for Business
Students.
University of Bournemouth 2005, Citing References.
University of South Australia 2006, Referencing using the Harvard author–date system. 2.0 THE IMPORTANCE OF CITING REFERENCES The following are reasons why referencing is needed: to acknowledge debts to other writers
to demonstrate the body/scope of knowledge upon which your research is based on
to enable all those who read your work to locate the sources easily More importantly, by using appropriate references, you will show the breadth and quality of your assignments and avoid plagiarism. For further details on plagiarism, please refer to the TAR College guide on Avoiding Plagiarism.
3.0 REFERENCING SYSTEM The two most common types of referencing systems used are: i. Author‐date system such as the Harvard referencing system, American
Psychological Association (APA) referencing system and Modern Language
Association (MLA) referencing system ii. Numerical system such as the Chicago or Turabian, Vancouver and footnote.
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The referencing system used in TAR College is the Harvard referencing system for all of the Schools except the School of Social Science and Humanities, which is using the APA referencing system.
4.0 THE HARVARD REFERENCING SYSTEM In the Harvard referencing system, cited publications are referred to as citation in the text by giving the author’s family name and the year of publication, and the details are listed in the reference list at the end of the text/work (see page 9 for examples). The process of citing references consists of two inter‐related parts: i. Citing ‐ the way a writer refers from the text to the sources used in the assignment. ii. Referencing ‐ the process of creating a reference list of each source a writer has used in writing the assignment. All statements, opinions, conclusion, etc. taken from another writer’s work should be cited, whether the work is directly quoted, paraphrased or summarised. 5.0 CITATION IN THE TEXT When writing a piece of work, you will need to refer to materials written or produced by others. This procedure is called citing or quoting references. The system that you have used to cite the sources must be consistent and accurate to enable readers to identify and locate the materials to which you have referred to.
The same set of rules should be followed every time you cite a reference. When you cite references in the text of your assignment include: the author or editor’s family name (or organisation responsible) ‐ do NOT include given names or initials
the year of publication
page(s) of publication (if appropriate and where available) 5.1 In many cases, you just need to use the author’s family name and date. For example:
Many factors are known to affect the success of students at the tertiary education level (Saunders 2005).
OR
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5.2
5.3
Saunders (2003, p. 21) claims that there are many factors that are known to affect the success of students at the tertiary education level. In these two examples, the sentences summarise the main view expressed in an article written by Saunders. Also note that the first example highlights the information but the second example highlights or gives prominence to the author of the article. i. If the author’s name occurs naturally in the sentence, the year is given in parentheses: In a popular study, Harvey (2005) argued that we have to teach good practices… As Harvey (1992, p. 21) said, ‘good practices must be taught’ and so we… ii. If the name does not occur naturally in the sentence, both name and year are given in parentheses: A more recent study (Stevens 2002) has shown the way theory and practical work interact… Theory rises out of practice, and once validated, returns to direct or explain the practice (Stevens 2002).
There are cases when you need to include a page number in the parentheses. For example: Ramli (2006, p. 7) showed that 63 percent of workers was found to be affected by workrelated stress. You need to include the page number when you:
i. use a direct quote from an original source ii. summarise an idea from a particular page iii. include tables, figures, charts or illustrations from other sources in your work
Use ‘p.’ when you are citing the information from a single page and ‘pp.’ when the information is cited from more than one page.
When there are four or more authors for a reference, you need to include all their names in your first in‐text citation of their work. When the same source is cited again, use ‘et al.’ (which is Latin for ‘and the others’).
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5.4
5.5
Saunders, Jones, Cooper and Steinmark (2006, p. 7) postulate that 54 percent of the students do not use proper referencing system… As a result of this,
Saunders et al. (2006) listed a few major problems that students face in doing project work.
The names of all the authors are listed in the reference list in the same order they are listed in the original reference. Personal communication such as interviews, telephone calls, video conferencing and internet chat do not provide recoverable data; therefore, they are not included in the reference list. Cite personal communication in the text citation only. Provide initials as well as the family name (full name for Asians) of the communicator and provide the exact date. Many designers do not understand the needs of the young people according to Toi (2007, pers. comm. 19 April) because... Additional Information Quotations – As a rule, if the quote is less than a line, it may be included in the body of the text in quotation marks. Summaries or paraphrases – Give the citation where it occurs naturally or at the end of the relevant piece of writing. Tables, charts, diagrams or illustrations – These should be referenced as though they were a quotation if they have been taken from a published work. If details of particular parts of a document are required, e.g. page numbers, they should be given after the year within the parentheses. Rules for citation in text for printed documents also apply to electronic documents except where pagination is absent. If an electronic document does not include pagination or an equivalent internal referencing system, the extent of the item may be indicated in terms such as the total number of lines, screens, etc., e.g. “[21 lines]” or “[approx 8 screens]”.
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5.6
Writing convention The following conventions are not prescribed by national or international standards but have been included because they are usually adhered to by the academic community.
If you are quoting a few words, the usual practice is as follows: Example A: Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2003, p. 93) argued that grounded theory is best defined as ‘theory building’ compared to the assertion of Glaser and
Strauss (1967) of inductive approach to research.
Example B: Robson (2002, p. 178) defines case study as ‘a strategy for doing research which involves an empirical investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon [current issues] …using multiple sources of evidence.’
The quotation forms part of your text and is indicated by enclosing it using either single apostrophe ‘ ’ or double apostrophe “ ”. The … indicates word or words from the original source have been left out. Square brackets [ ] tell your reader you have added your own words to the quotation.
If you are quoting a longer quotation, it is a common practice for the whole quotation to be indented: “There is no doubt that Internet technology has changed and is changing the way organizations do business. Using the
Internet, companies have, for instance, (1) created knowledge bases that employees can tap into anytime, anywhere; (2) turned customers into collaborated partners who design, test and launch new products; (3) become virtually paperless in specific tasks such as purchasing and filling expense reports;
(4) managed logistics in real time; and (5) changed the nature of numerous work tasks throughout the organization …”
(Robbins & Coulter 2005, p. 197)
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6.0 THE REFERENCE LIST 6.1 The reference list in the Harvard referencing system: is titled ‘References’
is arranged alphabetically by author’s family name
is a single list – books, journal articles and electronic sources are listed together and not arranged in a separate list
includes the full details of your citation in the text
is NOT a bibliography – you do not need to produce a bibliography for your assignments unless specifically asked to do so by your lecturer. A bibliography lists everything you may have read but did NOT use it in the course of doing the assignment while a reference list is limited to the citation in the text references used in your assignment. 6.2 Steps involved in referencing a. Note down the full details of the source including page number from which the information is taken. In the case of a book, the details included are author(s) of the book, year, title, edition, publisher and place of publication as found on the front and back of the title page. In the case of a journal article, the details included are author(s) of the article, date of publication, title of article, title of journal, volume and issue number of journal and page numbers. For all electronic information, in addition to the above, you should note the date you accessed the information and database or website address (URL). b. Insert the citation at the appropriate place within the text of the document. c. Provide a reference list at the end of your assignment. 6.3 Whenever possible, elements needed for the reference list should be taken from the title page of the publication. For place of publication, provide the city.
If more than one town/city is listed, list the first one or the location of the publisher’s head office.
If the town is not well known, you may add a county, region or state.
Note that in the United States of America, states are denoted by a two‐ letter code, for example ‘Hillsdale, NJ’.
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For the publisher’s name, omit superfluous terms such as ‘Publishers’,
‘Co.’ or ‘Inc.’ but always retain the word ‘Books’ or ‘Press’.
Where the publisher is a university and the place or the location is not included in the name of the university, do not repeat the place of publication. 6.4 Each reference should use the elements and punctuation given in the following examples for the different types of work you may have cited.
Underlining is an acceptable alternative to italics when references are handwritten. 6.5 The reference list is arranged alphabetically by authors’ family names.
When an item has no author (e.g. newspaper report, annual company report, brochure), it is cited by its title and sequenced in the reference list by the first significant word of the title. 6.6 The Harvard referencing system does not require the second and subsequent lines of the reference to be indented. 6.7 Setting out the items in a Reference List using the Harvard referencing system The main elements required for a reference are set out in this order: 6.7.1 Example of a book The main elements required for referencing a book are set out in this order: Author’s family name, Initial(s) year, Title of book, Publisher, Place of publication. Author’s family name
Year of publication
Title of the book in italics followed by a comma, followed by a comma ‐ followed by a comma ‐ upper then initial(s) no brackets case used only for the first word Cameron, SK 2002, Business student’s handbook: Learning skills for study and employment, Prentice Hall, Harlow.
Place of publication
Publisher followed followed by a full stop by a comma
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6.7.2 Example of an academic journal
The main elements required for referencing a journal article are set out in this order: Author’s family name, Initial(s) year, ‘Title of article’, Title of journal, volume number, issue number, page number.
Author’s family name followed by a comma, then initial(s)
Year of publication followed by a comma ‐ no brackets
Title of the article in single inverted comma ‐ upper case for the first word only, a comma after the second inverted comma
Bilosvalavo, RL & Lynn, M 2006, ‘Mission statements in Slovene enterprises: Institutional pressures and contextual adaptation’,
Management Decision, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 773‐788.
Title of the
Volume number
Issue number
Page number (pp.) of journal in italics followed by a comma followed by a comma followed by a comma the article followed by a full stop at the end
6.7.3 Example of an electronic publication
The main elements required for referencing an electronic publication are set out in this order: Author’s family name, Initial(s) year, Title of document or website, date viewed, .
Author’s family name followed by a comma, then initial(s)
Year of publication followed by a comma ‐ no brackets
Title of the article in italics, followed by a comma ‐ upper case used for first word
Potter, JB 2005, The big five personality test, viewed 11 July 2007,
.
The internet address (URL) is enclosed in with the full address and followed by a full stop
Date the document is accessed followed by a comma TAR College Harvard Referencing System
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7.0 EXAMPLES OF REFERENCING 7.1 Books Basic format for books:
Author’s family name, Initial(s) year, Title of book, Publisher, Place of publication. Books
Single author
An example of citation in the text
The entry in the reference list
An important factor is… (Cameron Cameron, SS 2002, Business student’s handbook: Learning skills for study and employment, Prentice Hall, Harlow.
2002, p. 158)
Khoo (1977, p. 45) argues that…
Two or three authors Khoo, KK 1977, The western Malay states, Oxford University Press,
Kuala Lumpur.
According to Kim and Mauborgne Kim, WC & Mauborgne, R 2005, Blue ocean strategy: How to create
(2005), … uncontested market space and make the competition irrelevant,
Harvard Business School, Boston.
Guelich, S, Gundavaram, S & Birznieks, G 2000, CGI programming with pel, O’Reilly, Cambridge.
Four or more authors As suggested by Sandler et al. (1995, Sandler, MP, Patton, JA, Coleman, RE, Gottschalk, A, Wackers, FJ &
Hoffere, PB 1995, Diagnostic nuclear medicine, Williams & Wilkins,
p. 14) …
Baltimore.
The industry… (Leeders et al. 1996)
Leeders, SR, Dobson, AJ, Gibbers, RW, Patel, NK, Mathews, PS,
Williams, A & Marriot, DL 1996, The Australian film industry,
Dominion, Adelaide.
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Books
An example of citation in the text
The entry in the reference list
Book with no author As shown in Networking Essential Networking essential plus, 2000, 3rd edn, Microsoft Press, Redmond.
Plus (2000), …
Book with no date This has been emphasized by Seah Seah, R n.d., Microcomputer applications, Microsoft Press, Redmond.
(n.d.) when… .
Electronic book Gottshalk and Solli‐sather (2006) Gottschalk, P & Solli‐saether, H 2006, Managing successful IT contend that… outsourcing relationship, viewed 30
July
2007,
.
Translated book Popularity of the novel ‘Les Enfants Cocteau, J 1961, Les enfantrs terribles, trans. R Lehmann, Penguin,
Terribles’ increased after translation London.
(Cocteau 1961).
Second edition ...Jeremy (ed. 2001) states that... or later edition of a book
Jeremy, H (ed.) 2001, Management today, 2nd edn, Century Learning,
London.
…Walpole and Evans (eds 2001) Walpole, M & Evans, C (eds) 2001, Tax administration in the 21st question whether century, 3rd edn, Prospect Media, St Leonards, New South Wales.
One volume of It has been implied (Einax 1995) Einax, J 1995, Chemometrics in environmental chemistry: Application, a multi‐volume that… vol. 2, Handbook of environmental chemistry. Springer, Berlin. set of books
Chapter in an edited book
Ezhar (2001) notes that…
Ezhar, T 2001, ‘Working with foreigners’, in Understanding
Malaysian workforce, eds Asma Abdullah & A Low, Malaysian
Institute of Management, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 179‐196.
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Books
An example of citation in the text
The entry in the reference list
Encyclopaedia Collins Cobuild English Dictionary No entry is required in the reference list because you have the name or dictionary ‐ (1995) defines ethics as… and date of the dictionary as an in‐text citation. with no author
Encyclopaedia Hawkins (1997, p. 128) defines ethics Hawkins, JG 1995, Kamus dwibahasa Oxford Fajar, 2nd edn, Fajar or dictionary ‐ as…
Bakti, Kuala Lumpur, p.128. with author
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7.2
Journal articles
Basic format for journal articles:
Author’s family name, Initial(s) year, ‘Title of article’, Title of journal, volume number, issue number, page no.
Journal
The entry in the reference list
An example of citation in the text
Single author
Ho (2007, p. 2) argues tha …
Ho, S 2007. ‘Knowledge sharing ‐ a fear factor’, Malaysian
Management Review, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 1‐22.
Two or three authors Bilosvalavo and Lynn (2006, p. Bilosvalavo, R & Lynn, M 2006, ‘Mission statements in Slovene
774) acknowledge… enterprises: Institutional pressures and contextual adaptation’,
Management Decision, vol. 45, no. 4, pp. 773‐788.
The impact of IT… (Li & Clifford Li, G & Clifford, N 2007, ‘When a talking computer agent is half human and half humanoid’, Human Communication Research, vol. 33, no. 2,
2007, p. 163). pp. 163‐193.
More than four authors 2nd citation onwards
George et al. (2007) claim that…
George, B, Sims, P, Mclean, AN & Mayer, D 2007, ‘Discovering your authentic leadership’, Harvard Business Review, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 129‐
138.
Journal article with It is a growing problem in the UK ‘Anorexia nervosa’ 1969, British Medical Journal, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. no author
(‘Anorexia Nervosa’ p. 530)…
529‐536.
Journal article from …and this has been established by an electronic
Eisend and Schucherta (2006). journal using electronic database
Eisend, M & Schucherta, P 2006, ‘Explaining counterfeit purchases: A review and preview’, Academy of Marketing Service, vol. 2006, no. 2, viewed 31
July
2007,
.
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7.3
Electronic publications
Basic format for electronic publications:
Author’s family name, Initial(s) year date, Title of document or website, date viewed, .
Electronic publications An example of citation in the text
The entry in the reference list
A World Wide Web The result of the test can… (Potter Potter, J 2005, The big five personality test, viewed 11 July 2007, site 2005).
.
Document on
World Wide Web with no author
Harvard referencing is a format of Wikipedia 2007, ‘Harvard referencing’, viewed 23 July 2007,
… (Wikipedia 2007).
.
Electronic book
Holland (2004) maintains that…
Holland, M 2004, Guide to citing internet sources, 2nd edn, updated 2
November
2005, viewed 10
July
2007,
.
Electronic thesis
Crain (2000) postulates that…
Crain, J 2000, ‘The effects of a formal induction program on newly hired teachers’ perceptions on self‐efficacy’, Department of Teaching and
Leadership, PhD thesis, University of Kansas, viewed 30 July 2007, UMI
Proquest
Dissertation
ATT990068,
.
Media releases on the World Wide
Web
Ong (2007) notes that sustainable Ong, KT (Minister of Housing and Local Government) 2007, Sustainable living… living in Malaysia, media release, 16 June, Ministry of Housing and Local
Government,
Kuala
Lumpur,
viewed
30
July
2007,
.
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Electronic publications An example of citation in the text
The entry in the reference list
Discussion lists or newsgroups Marsh (2007) postulates that…
Email
Amir confirmed this by email on 1 Personal communications such as conversations, letters and personal
July 2007… email messages are not included in a reference list.
Computer programme A programme was developed… MathWorks 2001, MATLAB, ver. 6, computer programme, The
(MathWorks 2001).
MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA.
Marsh, A 2007, ‘Time management’, list server,
28 March, Google Recreational Gardens, viewed 30 July 2007,
.
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7.4
Special publications and materials
Basic format:
Author’s family name, Initial(s) year, Title of item, description of item, Publisher, Place of publication.
Special publications
An example of citation in the text and materials
The entry in the reference list
Conference paper
It has been shown (Chang 2003) Chang, CC 2003, ‘Malaysia’s outline perspective plan towards that… prosperity in the trend of globalisation’, in Proceedings of the Seventh
World Chinese Entrepreneurs Convention, 21‐26 July 2003, Sunway Resort, Petaling Jaya, The Associated Chinese Chambers of
Chang (2003) contends that…
Commerce and Industry of Malaysia, ACCIM, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 28‐
38.
Newspaper article with author
As Fernandez (2007) notes in his Fernandez, T 2007, ‘I didn’t make any threats: Kayveas’, Sun 31 July, articles, …
p. 2.
Note: ‘The’ in the English language newspaper titles is omitted.
Newspaper article with no author
…in the Sun (31 July 2007, p. 3).
Sun 2007, ‘Master plan boost for northern corridor’, 31 July, p. 3.
Publication from a corporate body
The plans include… (UNESCO
1995).
UNESCO 1995, General information programme and UNISIST,
UNESCO, Paris.
Genting Berhad 2007, Genting Berhad annual report 2006, Genting
Berhad, Kuala Lumpur.
Government article
The strategic approaches include…
(Ministry of Agriculture 1998).
Ministry of Agriculture 1998, The third national agriculture policy,
Ministry of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur.
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Special publications
An example of citation in the text and materials
The entry in the reference list
Patent
Tadayuki, Kazuhsia and Atushi Tadayuki, O, Kazuhsia, Y & Atsushi, N 1999, Hard butter composition
(1999) show that… and its production, Japanese Patent 99‐78710.
Video or television recording The process involves three stages… Mild steel with low current 1987, video recording, MIG Welding
(Mild steel with low curren, 1987).
Institute, Cambridge, 5 January.
Pamphlet or brochure TAR College’s philosophy is… (TAR TAR College Prospectus 2007/2008 2007, Tunku Abdul Rahman
College Prospectus 2007/2008 College, Kuala Lumpur.
2007).
Audio cassette
The original broadcast (War of the War of the worlds 1999, Mercury Theatre on the air, audio CD, Radio
Worlds 1999) in 1938 is said to Spirits, ASIN: B00002R145. have caused mass panic amongst listeners. CD ROMs and DVDs
Hawkings (1994) states that…
Standard
The standards set by SIRIM (2003) SIRIM 2003, Code of practices for access of disabled persons outside states that … buildings (MS13311:2003), SIRIM Berhad, Shah Alam:
Personal communication It has been confirmed by Seow Personal communications such as conversations, letters and personal
(2007, pers. comm. 10 July) that email messages are not included in a reference list. this practice….
Thesis
Lee (1995) recommends that …
Hawking, SW 1994, A brief history of time: An interactive adventure,
CD‐ROM, London, Crunch Media.
Lee, CW 1995, ‘Characteristics of rubber products for mining applications’, Unpublished final year advanced diploma project,
Tunku Abdul Rahman College.
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Special publications
An example of citation in the text and materials
The entry in the reference list
Document on microfiche Ball, Lee, Phan and Ra (2001) Ball, K, Lee, YH, Phan, O & Ra, YS 2001, Adult retraining and reskilling suggest that… in Australia and South Korea, microfiche, National Centre for
Vocational Education Research, Leabrook, Australia, Korea Research
Institute for Vocational Education and Training, Seoul, ED451368.
Acts of Parliament
The Service Tax (Amendments) Service Tax (Amendments) 2002.
(2000) states that … Industrial Relations Act 1967.
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7.5
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Here are some of the FAQs on referencing. Question 1
If I read a book or a journal article by one author (Author 1) and he mentions an idea by another author (Author 2), whose idea do I refer to? How do I reference that? You must mention both authors (Author 1 and Author 2) in your in‐text citations; and in your reference list, you only need to list the item you have read, that is Author 1. For example, if you read about an idea by Lim (Author 2) in a book by
Saunders (Author 1), you need to mention both the authors in your in‐text citations. Your in‐text citations would appear as: or Lim (Saunders 2003, p. 71) states that …
Lim’s study (cited in Saunders 2003, p. 71) indicates that … or
Saunders (2003, p. 71), in reporting Lim’s study, emphasized the aspect …
In the reference list, you list only Saunders’ (the source you read) and not
Lim’s (whose idea you only read about in Saunders’).
Question 2
How do I cite the authors’ names if they have the same family name in the reference list? How do I show in my intext reference which idea belongs to which author? You distinguish between the two authors in your assignment by adding their initials to the in‐text reference (which usually only has the family name and date). For example:
The theory was first suggested in 1970 (Johnson, HT 1971) but since then, many researchers, including DE Johnson (2001), have rejected the idea.
Question 3
How do I cite an author who has written more than one work in the same year? How do I show which idea comes from which reference? You put a lower case letter of the alphabet next to the year or date and keep these letters in your reference list as well. TAR College Harvard Referencing System
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For example:
In a recent publication, Bart (2004b) argued that mission statements of most organization are underutilised and most organization had jumped on the bandwagon of creating mission statements without knowing the true purpose of the statement (Bart 2004a).
The order of sequence in which you attach the letters is based on the alphabetical order of the title of the work by the author.
Question 4
How do I cite information from my lectures, tutorials or study guides? You do NOT cite your lectures, tutorials or study guides as sources unless your lecturer has particularly said this is acceptable. This is because lectures, tutorials and study guides are intended to give you an introduction to a topic. In assignments where you undertake research, you are expected to read widely and identify for yourself the main ideas that are relevant from various sources. In addition, oral communication is not generally referenced. Your lecturers and tutors do not reference their comments. If you cite them as your source of an idea, it could be inaccurate, possibly even plagiarism, because the lecturers might be referring to someone else’s idea, not one of their own.
Question 5
What if I cannot find the author or a date in a website? When there is no name on a webpage, look for a sponsoring body like an organisation or a government department responsible for the information. Where there is no sponsoring body, use the title of the article or document on the screen as the ‘author’.
Where there is no date, use ‘n.d.’ (no date). If a resource has no author and no date, you need to consider whether it is a suitable source for academic work, as your work will suffer from lack of credibility. Question 6
How do I reference a graph or a figure that I copy or adapt? A basic principle of Harvard referencing is providing the author and date as an in‐text reference. This also applies when you use other people’s
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pictures, graphs or figures. You also need to make it clear if you have adapted the picture or graph for your own purposes. For example:
The Process
(AACSB 2006, p. 6)
Question 7
How do I cite Malaysian or Asian names? You will need to be aware of the various ways to cite Asian names. For
Chinese and Japanese names, use the writers’ family names when you are citing them in your text. As for your reference list, put the writers’ family names first followed by their initials. For example:
Full name
Intext
Reference List citation Chinese Name Sheng (2003) Sheng, YL 2003, The Chinese
Sheng Ye Lin dilemma, East West Ltd, New South Wales.
Japanese
Kimbara
Kimbara, T 2007, The digital
Name
(2007) collapse, Penguin, London.
Tatsyo
Kimbara TAR College Harvard Referencing System
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However, for Malay and Indian names, use the writers’ full names in both the in‐text citation and reference list.
For example:
Full name
Malay Name
Mahathir
Mohammad
Indian Name
Bala
Ramasamy
Intext citation Mahathir
Mohammad
(1982) Bala
Ramasamy
(2004)
Reference List
Mahathir Mohammad 1982, The
Malay
dilemma,
Federal
Publications, Petaling Jaya.
Bala Ramasamy 2003, ‘FDI and uncertainty: The Malaysian case study’, Journal of Asia Pacific
Economy, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 75‐79.
For names of other Asian writers such as Thai names, Cambodian names, etc., you need to find out how other writers within your academic world cite these names. Always refer to current journals or publications to see how these Asian names are cited. If you are still unsure about this, refer to various referencing guides which are available online. Question 8
In the reference list, do I separate the various sources of references that I have used in my intext citations? All references that you have referred to in your assignment or project should be arranged in alphabetical order in one list with NO separation of the sources into categories like books, journals, etc.
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REFERENCES
Curtin University Library 2007, Harvard referencing, viewed 4 July 2007,
.
Fisher, D & Hanstock, T 1998, Citing references, Balckwell’s Bookshops,
Nottingham.
Saunders, M, Lewis, P & Thornhill, A 2005, Research methods for business students, 3rd edn, Prentice Hall, Harlow. University of Bournemouth 2005, Citing references, viewed 4 July 2007,
.
University of South Australia 2006, Referencing using the Harvard authordate system, viewed 4 July 2007, .
