The global risk of hurricane disaster is increasing due to human activity. Populations are concentrating along the world's coastlines, particularly in large urban areas. Improved forecasting and emergency response have lowered hurricane casualty rates, but as more people and infrastructure move into harm's way, storms are likely to become more destructive. The primary cause of hurricane-related fatalities over the past 30 years has not been storm surge or winds, but inland flooding. Most hurricanes produce rainfall of 6 to 12 inches (15 to 30 centimeters), and slow-moving storms can be particularly dangerous for inland residents. Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest natural disaster, as well as one of the five deadliest hurricanes, in the history of the United States. Among recorded Atlantic hurricanes, it was the sixth strongest overall. At least 1,836 people died in the actual hurricane and in the subsequent floods, making it the deadliest U.S. hurricane since the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane and Hurricane Andrew in 1992.
Hurricane Katrina formed over the Bahamas on August 23, 2005 and crossed southern Florida as a moderate Category 1 hurricane, causing some deaths and flooding there before strengthening rapidly in the Gulf of Mexico. The storm weakened before making its second landfall as a Category 3 storm on the morning of Monday, August 29 in southeast Louisiana. It caused severe destruction along the Gulf coast from central Florida to Texas, much of it due to the storm surge. A primary reason for the great loss of life and property in New Orleans was the failure of the levee system due to the system design flaws and lack of maintenance (Waple 2010). Nearly every levee in New Orleans was breached leading to the flooding of 80% of the city and nearby parishes.
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