...dynamic because tax law changes so freque ntly. o Rate of change reflects fact that economic and poli tical assumptions on which tax structures are based are constantly ev olving. Tax – Payment to support the cost of government. o Differs from fine or penalty because tax is not int ended to deter or punish unacceptable behavior. o Taxes, on the other hand are compulsory rather than voluntary on part of the payer. o Differs from user’s fee because payment of tax does not entitle payer to specific good or service in reutnr. o Citizens receive government benefits for tax dollar s but the value of those benefits is not correlated to the tax the per son must pay. o NOT an assessment of benefits, but a means of distr ibuting burden and cost of government. o Taxpayer “entitled to benefit derived from enjoymen t of privileges of living in organized society, established and safe g uarded by devotion of taxes to public purposes.” 2 Taxpayer – Any person or organization required by law to pay a tax to a governmental authority. o Person – Natural persons and corporations. o Corporations are entities organized under law of ju risdiction and enjoy same legal rights, privileges, and protection s as individuals. o Taxing jurisdictions uniformly regard corporations as entities separate and distinct from shareholders and as taxp ayers in their own right. Incidence of Tax – Refers to the...
Words: 3218 - Pages: 13
...Introduction: Accounting fraud is an intentional manipulation of accounting records in order to make a company’s financial performance or condition seem better than it actually is (Accounting, 2015), and the main reason that I am really interested in this topic is because of the widespread of this situation in my home country-China. There are so many individuals or even big corporations use their relationships to avoid paying the full taxes. It causes the government has less money to help many poor rural areas in my country. Many children in those areas can’t have the chance to study or live in healthy conditions. They are even in the lack of many basic living resources such as clean water. Also, the Medicare in China is not that thorough, some poor people can’t afford the money to do the surgeries, so they dead. That is because of the tax collection is really difficult to do. The regulation is hard to be workable, and it is hard to check whether there is something wrong in the statement, because of the huge amount of statements. Thus, it is essential to discuss some causes, results and possible solutions for this problem. There are many potential solutions that people came up with, such as laws, regulations and fraud detection software, but in order to solve the problem completely, more divisions of offices and clearer laws need to be developed. The style of my introduction is anecdote, since I used the personal experience in China to describe the serious situation of the...
Words: 332 - Pages: 2
...Case Study 2 -Internal Control Due by Sunday of week 5, 11:59PM, Mountain Time LJB Company, a local distributor, has asked your accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because they are planning to go public in the future. The President wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public so he met with a colleague of yours at a local restaurant. The President of the company explained the current system of internal controls to your colleague. Your colleague has since been promoted to a tax position so she has passed on the information below so you can generate recommendations for the partner at your accounting firm to share with the President of LJB Company. Since LJB Company is a relatively lean organization, they have a lot of faith in their long-term employees. They have one accountant who serves as Treasurer and Controller which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. The accountant is so busy that the company handles petty cash a bit differently. All employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. The accountant has recently started using pre-numbered invoices and wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks. The President is waiting to hear from you if this is a necessary purchase...
Words: 913 - Pages: 4
...withdrawal of the product from the marketplace. It is characterized by specific stages, including research, development, introduction, maturity, decline, and finally obsolescence as the product is removed from the market (discontinued). Each stage is often linked with changes in the flows of raw materials, parts and distribution to markets as production (input costs) is adjusted to face increasing competition. The Product Life Cycle (PLC) is used to map the lifespan of a product. There are generally four stages in the life of a product. These four stages are the Introduction stage, the Growth stage, the Maturity stage and the Decline stage. The following graph illustrates the four stages of the PLC: There is no set time period for the PLC and the length of each stage may vary. One product's entire life cycle could be over in a few months. Another product could last for years. Also, the Introduction stage may last much longer than the Growth stage and vice versa. The Four Stages of the Product Life Cycle 1. Introduction: This stage mainly concerns the development of a new product, from the time is was initially conceptualized to the point it is introduced on the market. Introduction is a period of slow sales growth as the product is introduced in the market. Profits are non existent in this stage because of heavy expenspes of product introduction. The The great majority of ideas do not reach the promotion stage. The corporation having an innovative idea first will...
Words: 1111 - Pages: 5
...Case Study 2—Internal Control Due by Sunday of Week 5, 11:59 p.m., mountain time LJB Company, a local distributor, has asked your accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because they are planning to go public in the future. The president wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public, so he met with a colleague of yours at a local restaurant. The president of the company explained the current system of internal controls to your colleague. Your colleague has since been promoted to a tax position so she has passed on the information below so you can generate recommendations for the partner at your accounting firm to share with the president of LJB Company. Since LJB Company is a relatively lean organization, they have a lot of faith in their long-term employees. They have one accountant who serves as treasurer and controller, which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. The accountant is so busy that the company handles petty cash a bit differently. All employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. The accountant has recently started using pre-numbered invoices and wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks. The president is waiting to hear from you if this is a necessary...
Words: 915 - Pages: 4
...Case Study 2 -Internal Control Due by Sunday of week 5, 11:59PM, Mountain Time LJB Company, a local distributor, has asked your accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because they are planning to go public in the future. The President wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public so he met with a colleague of yours at a local restaurant. The President of the company explainedthe currentsystem of internal controls to your colleague. Your colleague has since been promoted to a tax position so she has passed on the information below so you can generate recommendations for the partner at your accounting firm to share with the President of LJB Company. Since LJB Company is a relatively lean organization, they have a lot of faith in their long-term employees. They have one accountantwho serves as Treasurer and Controller which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. The accountant is so busy that the company handles petty cash a bit differently. All employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. The accountant has recently startedusing pre-numbered invoices and wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks. The President is waiting to hear from you if this is a necessary purchase before...
Words: 907 - Pages: 4
...Case Study 2 -Internal Control Due by Sunday of week 5, 11:59PM, Mountain Time LJB Company, a local distributor, has asked your accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because they are planning to go public in the future. The President wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public so he met with a colleague of yours at a local restaurant. The President of the company explained the current system of internal controls to your colleague. Your colleague has since been promoted to a tax position so she has passed on the information below so you can generate recommendations for the partner at your accounting firm to share with the President of LJB Company. Since LJB Company is a relatively lean organization, they have a lot of faith in their long-term employees. They have one accountant who serves as Treasurer and Controller which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. The accountant is so busy that the company handles petty cash a bit differently. All employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. The accountant has recently started using pre-numbered invoices and wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks. The President is waiting to hear from you if this is a necessary purchase...
Words: 913 - Pages: 4
...Case Study 2—Internal Control Due by Sunday of Week 5, 11:59 p.m., Mountain time LJB Company, a local distributor, has asked your accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because they are planning to go public in the future. The president wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public, so he met with a colleague of yours at a local restaurant. The president of the company explained the current system of internal controls to your colleague. Your colleague has since been promoted to a tax position so she has passed on the information below so you can generate recommendations for the partner at your accounting firm to share with the president of LJB Company. Since LJB Company is a relatively lean organization, they have a lot of faith in their long-term employees. They have one accountant who serves as treasurer and controller, which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. The accountant also interviews and approves of all the new hires. The accountant is so busy that the company handles petty cash a bit differently. All employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. The accountant has recently started using pre-numbered invoices and wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks...
Words: 912 - Pages: 4
...Case Study 2—Internal Control Due by Sunday of Week 5, 11:59 p.m., Mountain time LJB Company, a local distributor, has asked your accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because they are planning to go public in the future. The president wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public, so he met with a colleague of yours at a local restaurant. The president of the company explained the current system of internal controls to your colleague. Your colleague has since been promoted to a tax position so she has passed on the information below so you can generate recommendations for the partner at your accounting firm to share with the president of LJB Company. Since LJB Company is a relatively lean organization, they have a lot of faith in their long-term employees. They have one accountant who serves as treasurer and controller, which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. The accountant also interviews and approves of all the new hires. The accountant is so busy that the company handles petty cash a bit differently. All employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. The accountant has recently started using pre-numbered invoices and wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks...
Words: 912 - Pages: 4
...Case Study 2 -Internal Control Due by Sunday of week 5, 11:59PM, Mountain Time LJB Company, a local distributor, has asked your accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because they are planning to go public in the future. The President wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public so he met with a colleague of yours at a local restaurant. The President of the company explained the current system of internal controls to your colleague. Your colleague has since been promoted to a tax position so she has passed on the information below so you can generate recommendations for the partner at your accounting firm to share with the President of LJB Company. Since LJB Company is a relatively lean organization, they have a lot of faith in their long-term employees. They have one accountant who serves as Treasurer and Controller which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. The accountant is so busy that the company handles petty cash a bit differently. All employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. The accountant has recently started using pre-numbered invoices and wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks. The President is waiting to hear from you if this is a necessary purchase...
Words: 913 - Pages: 4
...Case Study 2 -Internal Control Due by Sunday of week 5, 11:59PM, Mountain Time LJB Company, a local distributor, has asked your accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because they are planning to go public in the future. The President wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public so he met with a colleague of yours at a local restaurant. The President of the company explained the current system of internal controls to your colleague. Your colleague has since been promoted to a tax position so she has passed on the information below so you can generate recommendations for the partner at your accounting firm to share with the President of LJB Company. Since LJB Company is a relatively lean organization, they have a lot of faith in their long-term employees. They have one accountant who serves as Treasurer and Controller which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. The accountant is so busy that the company handles petty cash a bit differently. All employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. The accountant has recently started using pre-numbered invoices and wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks. The President is waiting to hear from you if this is a necessary purchase...
Words: 913 - Pages: 4
...Case Study 2—Internal Control Due by Sunday of Week 5, 11:59 p.m., Mountain time LJB Company, a local distributor, has asked your accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because they are planning to go public in the future. The president wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public, so he met with a colleague of yours at a local restaurant. The president of the company explained the current system of internal controls to your colleague. Your colleague has since been promoted to a tax position so she has passed on the information below so you can generate recommendations for the partner at your accounting firm to share with the president of LJB Company. Since LJB Company is a relatively lean organization, they have a lot of faith in their long-term employees. They have one accountant who serves as treasurer and controller, which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. The accountant also interviews and approves of all the new hires. The accountant is so busy that the company handles petty cash a bit differently. All employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. The accountant has recently started using pre-numbered invoices and wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks...
Words: 912 - Pages: 4
...motor homes by 2,400 units per year, and reduce the sales of its motor coaches by 1,100 units per year. What is the amount to use as the annual sales figure when evaluating this project? Sales due solely to the new product line are: | 25,000($14,000) = $350,000,000 | Increased sales of the motor home line occur because of the new product line introduction; thus: | 2,400($68,000) = $163,200,000 | in new sales is relevant. Erosion of luxury motor coach sales is also due to the new campers; thus: | 1,100($105,000) = $115,500,000 loss in sales | is relevant. The net sales figure to use in evaluating the new line is thus: | $350,000,000 + 163,200,000 − 115,500,000 = $397,700,000 | Keiper, Inc., is considering a new three-year expansion project that requires an initial fixed asset investment of $2.7 million. The fixed asset will be depreciated straight-line to zero over its three-year tax life, after which time it will be worthless. The project is estimated to generate $2,080,000 in annual sales, with costs of $775,000. If the tax rate is 35 percent, what is the OCF for this project? Using the tax shield approach to calculating OCF (Remember the approach is irrelevant; the final answer will be the same no matter which of the four methods you use.), we get: | OCF = (Sales − Costs)(1 − T) + T(Depreciation) | OCF = ($2,080,000 − 775,000)(1 − 0.35) + 0.35($2,700,000/3) | OCF = $1,163,250...
Words: 341 - Pages: 2
...Case Study 2—Internal Control Due by Sunday of Week 5, 11:59 p.m., mountain time LJB Company, a local distributor, has asked your accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because they are planning to go public in the future. The president wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public, so he met with a colleague of yours at a local restaurant. The president of the company explained the current system of internal controls to your colleague. Your colleague has since been promoted to a tax position so she has passed on the information below so you can generate recommendations for the partner at your accounting firm to share with the president of LJB Company. Since LJB Company is a relatively lean organization, they have a lot of faith in their long-term employees. They have one accountant who serves as treasurer and controller, which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. The accountant is so busy that the company handles petty cash a bit differently. All employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. The accountant has recently started using pre-numbered invoices and wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks. The president is waiting to hear from you if this is a necessary...
Words: 915 - Pages: 4
...Case Study 2—Internal Control Due by Sunday of Week 5, 11:59 p.m., Mountain time LJB Company, a local distributor, has asked your accounting firm to evaluate their system of internal controls because they are planning to go public in the future. The president wants to be aware of any new regulations required of his company if they go public, so he met with a colleague of yours at a local restaurant. The president of the company explained the current system of internal controls to your colleague. Your colleague has since been promoted to a tax position so she has passed on the information below so you can generate recommendations for the partner at your accounting firm to share with the president of LJB Company. Since LJB Company is a relatively lean organization, they have a lot of faith in their long-term employees. They have one accountant who serves as treasurer and controller, which streamlines many of their processes. In this dual role, he purchases all of the supplies and pays for these purchases. He also receives the checks and completes the monthly bank reconciliation. The accountant also interviews and approves of all the new hires. The accountant is so busy that the company handles petty cash a bit differently. All employees have access to the petty cash in a desk drawer and are asked to only place a note if they use any of the cash. The accountant has recently started using pre-numbered invoices and wants to buy an indelible ink machine to print their checks...
Words: 912 - Pages: 4