...for Starbucks Coffee Company Political: •High taxation imposed on farmers in those countries producing the coffee bean will usually mean Starbucks pay a higher price for the coffee they purchase. Any fluctuations in taxation levels in the industry are almost certainly ultimately passed on to the consumer. •Trade issues will affect Starbucks predominantly when exporting and importing goods. When another country’s government imposes a tariff it not only results in an efficiency loss for Starbucks but large income transfers can become inconsistent with equity. This extra charge can turn a bargain into a rip-off. Also, since 9/11, trade relations have been adversely affected between the USA and some other countries. •Starbucks should thoroughly investigate the political stability of any country they plan to expand to. Changes in government can lead to changes in taxation and legislation. The American elections may have an effect on Starbucks as new legislation or new or existing government may bring in taxes. Also, those countries in political turmoil or civil war (e.g. Zimbabwe at present) should be approached with great caution when considering new ventures. •The international economy must be brought into consideration as it can affect Starbucks’ sales and markets. The aftermath of 9/11 was an example of an economic downturn that affected the world market. •A reduction in licensing and permit costs in those countries producing the coffee bean for Starbucks would lower...
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...social development of any country depends on the amount of revenue generated for the provision of infrastructure in that given country. However, one means of generating the amount of revenue for providing the needed infrastructure is through a well structured tax system (ogbona and ebimobewei, 2012). The vital role that taxation play in an economy cannot be overemphasized. Tax is a compulsory levy imposed by government or its agent on her citizens in order to raise revenue for the funding of economic activities. Nkoro and worlu, 2012 defined Tax as a fee charged or levied by a government on a product, income, or activity. If it is levied directly on personal or corporate income, it is called a direct tax. If it is levied on the price of a good or service, then it is called an indirect tax. The main reason for taxation is to finance government expenditure and to redistribute wealth which translates to financing development of the country (Musgrave and Musgrave, 2004, Bhartia, 2009). Apart from revenue generation prowess of tax, it is also used by the government to discourage consumption of certain goods. Taxation is a fiscal tool that most government uses to regulate both the micro and macro aspect of an economy. Generally, The importance of tax lies in its ability to generate revenue for the government, influence the consumption pattern of the people and also regulate the economy through its influence on vital aggregate economic variables such as income, employment, prices of goods...
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...and around the video game industry are changing. PESTEL Framework: This categorizes environmental influences into six main types: political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal. Political: Factors such as taxation policies, foreign trade regulations and social welfare policies influence the video game industry. Video games have a tendency to play with the emotions of people which inturn can threaten peace and law, a country being multicultural. Therefore Government has the authority to control the contents of the video game frames. Economic: Places such as US and Japan are largely dominated by the video game business. Therefore contributing towards the GDP of their countries. Interest rates have not much impact on the video game business as they manufacture their own units. The disposable income of the consumers in the video game industry has an effect on their buying behavior. For example people who fall under a low income range may not afford to buy a video game of a high price. Nintendo’s low manufacturing cost was also one of the reasons for it to sell its games at a nominal price, therefore increasing its sales. Social: The social factors that influence the video game industry are population demographics, income distribution, lifestyle changes, social mobility, attributes to work, consumerism, level of education and consumer behavior. Nintendo’s action to open the World of Nintendo...
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...evasion in Pakistan. It is a primary research. Literature review: Many authors have discussed impacts of tax evasion in different sectors of economy. Previously tax evasion cause major trouble in Tanzania & Greece. Methodology: A questioner has been filled by targeted population of 100 Professionals & Business students of Department of Management Sciences Islamia University of Bahawalpur. Questioner was consisted of 5 major parts i.e. Tax System, High rate, Go with the flow, Corrupt Govt. & Progressive taxation. Findings: Most of the population agrees that these causes play a vital role in the tax evasion in the Pakistan. Conclusion: Tax evasion is main problem of Pakistan which needs to be eliminating by following the recommendations that tax system must base on ground realities, tax rates should be low. There should be proper check & balance of government, tax awareness in public should arise by different channels. Keywords: Pakistan, Tax Evasion, Progressive Taxation, Corrupt govt., Tax system. 273 www.macrothink.org/ijafr International Journal of...
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...must consider in all areas of the business. Political: * Taxation policy - high taxation imposed on farmers in those countries producing the coffee bean will usually mean Starbucks pay a higher price for the coffee they purchase. Any fluctuations in taxation levels in the industry are almost certainly ultimately passed on to the consumer. Recently (June 13, 2003) Tanzania's Minister of Finance harmonized and rationalized local government taxation to boost rural productivity of the coffee bean. Tax was lowered for these 'small holder' farmers and this saving will have been passed on to purchasers of coffee like Starbucks. * Deregulation - A decade ago, the USA pulled out of the ICA (international Coffee Agreement) that set export quotas for producing nations and kept the price of coffee fairly stable. Coffee quotas and price controls ended. Since the deregulation farmers have suffered and their earnings have dropped. Many have struggled to make a living so have given up. * International trade regulations/tariffs - Trade issues will affect Starbucks predominantly when exporting and importing goods. When another country's government imposes a tariff it not only results in an efficiency loss for Starbucks but large income transfers can become inconsistent with equity. This extra charge can turn a bargain into a rip-off. Also, since 9/11, trade relations have been adversely affected between the USA and some other countries. * Government stability -...
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...dependency ratio in less develop countries. Introduction In developing countries, tax revenues as a percentage of GDP are generally significantly low than the developed countries, that’s why most of its population economically inactive. The dependency ratio means economically active and inactive workers. The dependency ratio generally consist of the age of 16-65, people in this age people are effectively economically inactive, for instance students , people on sickness and disability allowance, long term unemployment , early retirement , mothers looking after children at home. Moreover, an increase in the dependency ratio can cause fiscal problems for the government , a high dependency ratio can cause serious problems for a country if a large proportion of a government expenditure is health and social security and education. Another reason is in developing countries a large size of people associated to agraiculture and there is less surity of the salary and nomally they could not pay their taxes and moreover they always former have many children means more form hand. It is inevitable necessary that prudent economic policies are needed for the attainment of their development goal the biggest problem is that most developing countries depend on international finance such as world bank and they hardly generate enough domestic revenue. It is very important to know the dependency ratio of a country, economically active pay much income tax corporation tax and to a lesser...
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...“TAX EVASION & AVOIDANCE - A REAL PROBLEM FOR BANGLADESH” INTRODUCTION: Tax evasion and avoidance are both phenomena that are probably as old as taxation itself. Wherever and whenever authorities decide to levy taxes, individuals and firms try to avoid paying them. Though this problem has always been present, it becomes more pressing in the course of globalization as this process extends the range of opportunities to dodge taxation while simultaneously reducing the risk of being detected. Developing and emerging countries like Bangladesh are particularly vulnerable to tax evasion and avoidance activities of individual taxpayers and corporations. While tax revenues in OECD-countries are almost 35 per cent of GDP ,in case of Bangladesh it is only around 10%.This can be considered one of the primary reasons for large differences in the ability to mobilize own resources between developed and developing countries. Tax evasion and tax avoidance is a great problem in our country. In Bangladesh there are many individual taxpayers and corporations who are evading or avoiding tax. As a result government’s developments activities are hampered. So, we should know about the tax evasion and tax avoidance and thereby its preventives measures. For development of a country government needs to create infrastructure and invest in various sectors. For this activities government needs founds and tax revenue is the main source for the purpose. But due to tax evasion and tax avoidance government’s...
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...“TAX EVASION & AVOIDANCE - A REAL PROBLEM FOR BANGLADESH” INTRODUCTION: Tax evasion and avoidance are both phenomena that are probably as old as taxation itself. Wherever and whenever authorities decide to levy taxes, individuals and firms try to avoid paying them. Though this problem has always been present, it becomes more pressing in the course of globalization as this process extends the range of opportunities to dodge taxation while simultaneously reducing the risk of being detected. Developing and emerging countries like Bangladesh are particularly vulnerable to tax evasion and avoidance activities of individual taxpayers and corporations. While tax revenues in OECD-countries are almost 35 per cent of GDP ,in case of Bangladesh it is only around 10%.This can be considered one of the primary reasons for large differences in the ability to mobilize own resources between developed and developing countries. Tax evasion and tax avoidance is a great problem in our country. In Bangladesh there are many individual taxpayers and corporations who are evading or avoiding tax. As a result government’s developments activities are hampered. So, we should know about the tax evasion and tax avoidance and thereby its preventives measures. For development of a country government needs to create infrastructure and invest in various sectors. For this activities government needs founds and tax revenue is the main source for the purpose. But due to tax evasion and tax avoidance government’s...
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...“TAX EVASION & AVOIDANCE - A REAL PROBLEM FOR BANGLADESH” INTRODUCTION: Tax evasion and avoidance are both phenomena that are probably as old as taxation itself. Wherever and whenever authorities decide to levy taxes, individuals and firms try to avoid paying them. Though this problem has always been present, it becomes more pressing in the course of globalization as this process extends the range of opportunities to dodge taxation while simultaneously reducing the risk of being detected. Developing and emerging countries like Bangladesh are particularly vulnerable to tax evasion and avoidance activities of individual taxpayers and corporations. While tax revenues in OECD-countries are almost 35 per cent of GDP ,in case of Bangladesh it is only around 10%.This can be considered one of the primary reasons for large differences in the ability to mobilize own resources between developed and developing countries. Tax evasion and tax avoidance is a great problem in our country. In Bangladesh there are many individual taxpayers and corporations who are evading or avoiding tax. As a result government’s developments activities are hampered. So, we should know about the tax evasion and tax avoidance and thereby its preventives measures. For development of a country government needs to create infrastructure and invest in various sectors. For this activities government needs founds and tax revenue is the main source for the purpose. But due to tax evasion and tax avoidance government’s...
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... immigration has greatly contributed in the process of evolution of the United States (US) since the beginning of the history of its republican era. On the other hand, immigration has also been a wide source of debate in the US due to the sensitiveness of various issues derived from it. This paper will analyze how immigration has been a controversial issue for the US in terms of economy, society, and security. Immigration has impacted the economy of the US as it has provided valuable manpower for the growth and development...
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...forefront of the mind. Indeed, the United Nation’s annual Human Development Report—which ranks countries by quality of living conditions—designated Canada as tenth place out of nearly two hundred countries (2016). However, this does not mean that poverty is not a problem—it simply indicates that Canada fares better in comparison to most other countries. More extreme forms of absolute poverty—referring to the lack of basic needs such as food, shelter, and water—may be absent or minimal, but relative poverty still exists as a serious issue, as it reveals the disparities between various incomes of citizens. In essence, while an entire population may see a rise in their incomes due to their society...
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...Singapore Tax Rates and Income Tax System Introduction Singapore’s is one of the world’s biggest economies. Since the global financial crisis and more recently, the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis and the downgrading of the US credit ratings, many global and local investors has sought Singapore as a new safe haven for investing their wealth in and setting up businesses and regional headquarters. In 2010, Singapore’s economy has rebounded close to 15% year on year. Singapore, due to its scarcity of natural resources, depends heavily on foreign investments for growth and economic expansion. Therefore, the government’s policy is to advocate Singapore as a global hub for international trade and commerce. Over the past years, Singapore has always been ranked of one the frontrunners in the world in terms ease of doing business (1), world leader in foreign trade and investment (1), best investment potential for 16 consecutive years (2), most open economy for international trade and investment (1). Source: http://www.weforum.org/reports/global-enabling-trade-report-2010?fo=1 http://app.www.sg/who/196/Business-and-working-conditions.aspx http://www.doingbusiness.org/data/exploreeconomies/singapore/ Another significant reason Singapore continues to attract both local and overseas investment is due to its tax regime – well-known for its attractive corporate and personal tax rates, tax relief measures, absences of capital gains tax, one tier tax system and extensive double...
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...expatriates is increasing worldwide. These men and women represent a very important asset for organisations which are developing new business across the world. These expatriates are generally sending abroad to develop strategies or resolve problems in the host country. Consequently, the organisation has to be informed of any issue that expatriates might face and affect the work abroad in terms of international human resource management (IHRM) and industrial relations (IR) issues. Deb (2009) define IHRM as ‘a strategic process of managing a global and diverse pool of talented people in such a way as to achieve aims and objectives of the organisation both at parent and subsidiary level successfully, follow ethical practices on human and business issues and be adaptable to local cultural norms and other human needs and aspirations’. And Dowling, Festing and Engle (2013, p.242) define IR as ‘The board field of study that looks at wider issues of work and employment’. The purposes of this essay are to identify and discuss the IR and HRM issues an expatriate from Melbourne could face while living and working in London. In relation to Industrial relations issues, the role of unions, employment contracts, regulations, visas, taxation, labour laws and employ compensations will be discussed. When it comes to human resource management, the essay will discuss culture, language, family, soft skills, allocation, medical secures and weather. Over the last decade, the participation in trade unions...
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...chartered financial institution that accepts savings deposits and makes commercial loans. This is the most basic definition of a bank. However, if you look at banks, you will see that they take many types of deposits and make many types of loans. In addition, if you are familiar with banks, you will notice that they act as intermediaries in many financial transactions. The banking is a vital function of the economy; without banks, the economy will not function properly. Why? The answer is that banks provide the link between savers and borrowers. In the US, people are net savers and businesses are net borrowers. Without banks and some other financial institutions, the borrowers, businesses, will not be able to raise finds by borrowing from people, the savers. This function takes many forms. We will look at some if these forms in this course and in other courses in the finance concentration in the MBA program. The Nature of Banking in the US See Chapter 1 in the Textbook With a population of 30 million, Canada has 11 banks; Britten has 4 or 5 banks to serve 60 million citizens. Other countries have similar ratio of banks to population; about 3 to 6 million to a bank. How many banks does the US have to serve 300 million in population? The US has about 7,500 banks; this number does not include other companies that provide banking...
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...life sustaining goods and services, higher incomes and freedom to make economics and social choices. These may be restricted from improving in countries which are trying to improve their GDP, grow as an economy- developing countries for the following factors. Firstly, in developing countries there is often a savings gap, where by domestic saving is very hard. For example, in low income regions such as Africa with high levels of absolute poverty, these people us most if not all of their income to provide and support their families with none left over to save. This makes it impossible for them to generate sufficient funds for unexpected expenses. This then can damage their living standards further if homes, livestock and possessions are lost. This restriction to make free economic and social choices, would, in Todaros view, indicate a lack of economic development. Furthermore, without saving it restricts developing economies from business and capital investment as with no one saving there is no money to loan out to fund investment and expansion for businesses to improve their capital and thus improving the standard of living in impoverished areas through increased wages and greater access to life sustaining goods such as food and water. Capital investment is important as is our productivity with it as the Harrod-Domar model looks at savings and productivity e.g. capital to explain an economies growth. Finally, capital investment if vital for capital accumulation such as schools and...
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