...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction The invaluable role and contributions of education as an instrument for development and promotion of an individual, social, economic, political and cultural development of any nation can never be over-emphasized. According to Abdulkareem (2007), a nation’s growth and development is determined by its human resources. Science has been defined as an organized body of knowledge, a method of solving problems and it also serves as a search of explanation of natural objects and phenomena. In the demesne of science as a whole, one important dialect is Biology, the domain of living things and its environment. According to Encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 3, P770), “few sciences have contributed to the philosophy and physical basis of contemporary society than Biology has”. Man, probably was a biologist before he was anything else, his own health body in health and illness, the phenomena of birth, growth, and death of the plants and other animals that give him food, shelter and clothing undoubtedly were matters of serious concern to man then and even now. Biology is intimately connected to daily life and everybody’s life-long planning. Shut out Biology from daily life and civilization comes to a standstill. It is in the light of this, that the research seeks to build and elicit among students and teachers the proper appreciation and interest in the value of Biology to the individual and to the society at large. This subject Biology, occupies a very important...
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...Assessment and classroom learning By Black, Paul, Wiliam, Dylan, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice Mar1998, Vol. 5, Issue 1 ABSTRACT This article is a review of the literature on classroom formative assessment. Several studies show firm evidence that innovations designed to strengthen the frequent feedback that students receive about their learning yield substantial learning gains. The perceptions of students and their role in self-assessment are considered alongside analysis of' the strategies used by teachers and the formative strategies incorporated in such systemic approaches as mastery learning. There follows a more detailed and theoretical analysis of the nature of feedback, which provides a basis for a discussion of the development of theoretical models for formative assessment and of the prospects for the improvement of practice. Introduction One of the outstanding features of studies of assessment in recent years has been the shift in the focus of attention, towards greater interest in the interactions between assessment and classroom learning and away from concentration on the properties of restricted forms of test which are only weakly linked to the learning experiences of" students. This shift has been coupled with many expressions of hope that improvement in classroom assessment will make a strong contribution to the improvement of learning. So one main purpose of this review is to survey the evidence which might show whether or...
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...Assessment and classroom learning By Black, Paul, Wiliam, Dylan, Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice Mar1998, Vol. 5, Issue 1 ABSTRACT This article is a review of the literature on classroom formative assessment. Several studies show firm evidence that innovations designed to strengthen the frequent feedback that students receive about their learning yield substantial learning gains. The perceptions of students and their role in self-assessment are considered alongside analysis of' the strategies used by teachers and the formative strategies incorporated in such systemic approaches as mastery learning. There follows a more detailed and theoretical analysis of the nature of feedback, which provides a basis for a discussion of the development of theoretical models for formative assessment and of the prospects for the improvement of practice. Introduction One of the outstanding features of studies of assessment in recent years has been the shift in the focus of attention, towards greater interest in the interactions between assessment and classroom learning and away from concentration on the properties of restricted forms of test which are only weakly linked to the learning experiences of" students. This shift has been coupled with many expressions of hope that improvement in classroom assessment will make a strong contribution to the improvement of learning. So one main purpose of this review is to survey the evidence which might show whether or...
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...Teachers’ College of Jamaica The effects of the Cooperative Learning Strategies on students’ performance in Science By Jason Smith-Samuels SJTC20102990 A Research Proposal submitted to the department of Professional Studies in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Education in Primary Education. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction………………………………………………………………………….4 Background and Statement of the problem……………………………………………………4-5 The purpose of the study………………………………………………………………………5-6 Research questions……………………………………………………………………………6 Operational Definitions………………………………………………………………………6-7 Delimitations……………………………………………………………………………………7 Limitations…………………………………………………………………………………….7 Significance of the study……………………………………………………………………7-8 Theoretical base……………………………………………………………………………….8-9 Chapter 2: Review of literature….…………………………………………………..………10-14 Chapter 3: Methodology and procedure……………………………………..…………………15 Role of the researcher…………………………………………………………..………………16 Population and sample………………………………………………………………………16-17 Description of action plan………………………………………………………………….17-18 Data collection………………………………………………………………………………18 Data presentation analysis……………………………………………………………………19 Methods of verification………………………………………………………………………19 Ethical issues…………………………………………………………………………………19 Time line……………………………………………………………………………………..20 Summary…………………………………………………………………………….………21 List of references……………………………………………………………………………22-25 ...
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...embraces pupils learning and helps prepare those pupils for a very competitive global society. In light of this one can argue that pupils’ achievement should be the main focus of every individual associated with school systems across our great nation. Teachers are a vital part of the educational system for they provide the motivation and support that pupils need in order to succeed. Yet, teachers also need to be motivated and supported in order to be productive. Teacher morale could suffer due to constant stress of trying to meet the educational goals. Improving teacher morale has many benefits in that it can help teachers to maintain a positive attitude and be happier at work (Govindarajan, 2012). Ellanberg as cited by Govindarajan (2012) found that where morale was high, schools showed an increase in pupils’ academic achievement. Conversely, low levels of morale can lead to decreased teacher productivity and burnout. Recent studies found out that the academic achievement of pupils in the Division of Antique did not meet the standard set by the Department of Education (Arguelles, 2012; Ople,2012; Doronila, 2011; and Cabasan, 2011). Moreover, as observed by the researcher being one of the teachers in the division, the attitudes and enthusiasm of teachers towards their work seems below the standards also. This situation aroused the interest of the researcher to conduct a study to examine the level of teachers’ morale in relation to pupils’ academic achievement, hence this...
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...competitiveness. The role of science in our society is one of the central features of our present civilization; it is the age of technological and scientific revolution. Science and Technology is the most dynamic cultural force in the world. Science develops a scientifically literate society and makes an individual more responsive to the needs of the society and to the national development goals. Science and Technology must develop to the individual as stated and mandated in the Constitution for his development and to the nation as a whole. Scientific discoveries and inventions led into the development, progress and industrialization of the nation. Science plays a fundamental role in the life of an individual. It prepares the person in this changing world by equipping him the knowledge, intellectual and scientific skills and attitudes. It helps an individual to explore and explain truths producing useful models of reality of this physical world. It can also provide answers to many of our questions about thing in the environment and the observable phenomena. Science is a very practical subject that students must have to enjoy with the activities related to various lessons covered. This is indeed an area of knowledge where everyone should master, love and to learn about. But nowadays as to observation, learners are hard up in the subject. They don’t know how to make their objectives and conclusions during the activity. Some students are not interested in Science subject. Students tend...
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...research aimed to determine the effective physics teaching strategies used by the physics teachers in public high schools. This study will give a hint to the teachers about the effective teaching strategies in teaching physics. This descriptive study will be conducted in five public high schools within Iloilo City, these are Iloilo National High School, Jaro National High School, Iloilo City National High School, La Paz National High School, and Jalandoni National High School. The researchers selected the star sections of each school to do the observation. The researchers made checklist to list down the observable teaching strategies used by the teacher in teaching strategies. The result will be interpreted based on the result of the evaluation given by the teacher after discussion. The result of the assessment of the students from five different public schools will be compared to determine the effective strategies in teaching physics. The higher the mean result of the assessment of the students means the greater the effectiveness of the teaching strategies used by the teacher in teaching physics. CHAPTER 1 The Problem Chapter one includes the following parts: (1) Background and the theoretical framework of the study, (2) Statement of the problem and hypotheses, (3) Definition of Terms, (4) Significance of the study. Part one, Background and theoretical framework of the study, describes the philosophies about teaching profession supported by scholars. Part two, statement...
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...stage of the present study, a collective body of research work, related to involved variables i.e. academic achievement, cognitive styles, personality traits/factors, and adjustment was examined extensively, so that proper guidelines and directions from objectives, hypotheses, methodologies and findings may be sought to assist the various steps of the present study like determination of objectives, formulation of hypotheses, selection of methodology and to get an understanding of relationships between different related variables. Following is the (chronological wise) related literature discussed. 2.1. Literature Related to Academic Achievement Kolwadkar (1980) conducted a study of gifted children in relation to their personality traits, level of adjustment and academic achievement and found that socioeconomic status, father’s occupation, education of parents, size of family, ordinal position, health status were significantly related to academic achievement; adjustment was positively correlated with academic achievement in case of boys. Gupta (1987) studied relationship between locus of control, anxiety, personality traits, level of aspiration and academic achievement of secondary school students with the objective to assess the magnitude and direction of relationship of locus of control, anxiety, personality traits, level of aspiration with academic achievement by taking a sample of 670 students of average intelligence drawn from a population of 3780 students of class...
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...SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION; FACULTY OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN EDUCATION (B.SC.ED.) IN BIOLOGY MAY, 2012 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research project was carried out by OLAWUNMI, Kareemat Ariyo with Matriculation Number 08/25PA026 and it has been read, certified and approved as meeting the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Science Education Degree (B.Sc. Ed. Biology) under the Department of Science Education, faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Kwara State Nigeria. Dr. S. O. Oyelekan Date Supervisor Esther O. Omoshewo PhD Date Head of Department Prof. A. S. Olorundare Date Dean, Faculty of Education External Supervisor Date DEDICATION The entire work of this project is dedicated to Almighty Allah, the Bestower of knowledge and Wisdom, to whom everything shall returns. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am highly indebted to Almighty Allah, Who alone had favored me beyond my imaginations. ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background of the problem Statement of the problem Purpose of the Study Research Questions Scope of the Study Significance of the Study Definition of major terms and variables CHAPTER TWO: REVIEWED LITERATURE Science, Biology and the concept of Science and Biology Instructional...
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...DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA EFFECT OF STUDENTS’ IMPROVISED INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY. BY MBEREKPE AUGUSTINE, CHUKWUNYEREMUNWA REG NO: PG/M.ED/09/50813 SUPVERISOR: PROF: U. M. NZEWI JANUARY, 2013 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Science has been reorganized as the bedrock on which modern day technological breakthrough is hanged. The major goal of science education is to develop scientifically literate individuals that are concerned with high competence for rational thoughts and actions. The objectives of science education in this country according to Maduekwe (2006) include the need to prepare students to: Observe and explore the environment, explain simple natural phenomena, develop scientific attitudes including curiosity, critical reflection and objectivity, apply the skills and knowledge gained through science to solve everyday problems in the environment, develop self-confidence and self-reliance through problem solving activities in science. Nowadays, countries all over the world, especially the developing ones like Nigeria, are striving hard to develop technologically and scientifically, since the world is turning Scientific and all proper functioning of lives depend greatly on Science. According to Ogunleye (2006), Science is a dynamic human activity concerned...
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...DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY – DASMARIÑAS College of Education Graduate Studies THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSTRUCTIONAL COMPETENCIES AND STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS AMONG THE GRADE 7 TEACHERS OF CARMONA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SCHOOL YEAR 2015 – 2016 In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in Management Ethics For Educational Management in Graduate Studies Anna Gianelli S. Espino Maricar H. Delos Reyes Rosalie N. Pandan October 17, 2015 DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY – DASMARIÑAS College of Education Graduate Studies THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSTRUCTIONAL COMPETENCIES AND STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS AMONG THE GRADE 7 TEACHERS OF CARMONA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL SCHOOL YEAR 2015 – 2016 In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements in Philosophical, Sociological and Psychological Foundations of Education For Educational Management in Graduate Studies Anna Gianelli S. Espino Maricar H. Delos Reyes Rosalie N. Pandan October 17, 2015 Chapter 1 Introduction Background of the Study Communication is about more than just exchanging information. It's about understanding the emotion and intentions behind the information. Effective communication is also a two-way street. It’s not only how you convey a message so that it is received and understood by someone in exactly the way you intended, it’s also how you listen to gain the full meaning of what’s being said and to make the other person feel heard and understood. Some students are weak in the communicative...
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...Effective use of instructional materials in the teaching of basic sciences CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Education, according to Coombs (1970) consists of two components. He classified these two components into inputs and outputs. According to him, inputs consist of human and material resources and outputs are the goals and outcomes of the educational process. Both the inputs and outputs form a dynamic organic whole and if one wants to investigate and assess the educational system in order to improve its performance, effects of one component on the other must be examined. Instructional resources which are educational inputs are of vital importance to the teaching of any subject in the school curriculum. Wales (1975) was of the opinion that the use of instructional resources would make discovered facts glued firmly to the memory of students. Savoury (1958) also added that, a well-planned and imaginative use of visual aids in lessons should do much to banish apathy, supplement inadequacy of books as well as arouse student’s interest by giving them something practical to see and do, and at the same time helping to train them to think things out themselves. Savoury (1958) suggested a catalogue of useful visual aids that are good for teaching history i.e pictures, post cards, diagrams, maps, filmstrips and models. He said that selection of materials which are related to the basic contents of a course or a lesson, helps in-depth understanding of such a lesson...
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...education which in 1918 stated the goals of education as the seven cardinal principles: health, command of fundamental processes, worthy home membership, vocation, citizenship, worthy use of leisure and ethical conduct. Although neither science nor any of the other school subjects was included as one of the seven principles, the role and importance of science in achieving the seven cardinal principles is obvious. The world is fast becoming scientific in thinking and behaviors that without good knowledge of science, it might be difficult for people to adequately function in it. The purpose of exposing children to science instruction right from primary school level is not necessarily to turn them into scientist per se but to provide favorable scientific attitudes of ‘finding out’ and ‘hands-on‘ and to enable them raise questions about things that intrigue them. In a study on the impact of science on the society, Bertrand & Russell (1952) have shown that our time is an age of science. Science affects every aspect of our lives; what we eat and what we wear, what we do as work and what we do as play; what we think and what we feel; even how we are born and how we die. Few moments in our lives, we are touched by the products and processes of science. Because of the scientific nature of our society and the individual needs of its members, every person, in order to function...
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...curriculum development process according to Tyler, Taba and Alexander & Saylor is the implementation of the curriculum plan. The final destination of any curriculum (whether it be a school, college, university or training organisation) is the classroom involving students, teachers, administrators and the community. Implementing the curriculum is the most crucial and sometimes the most difficult phase of the curriculum development process. Those responsible for implementing a curriculum often hear comments and concerns such as: o Teachers are already overloaded – how are they going to implement the new ideas. o Parents and education officers are only interested in a high pass rate in examinations – how are schools to incorporate suggested changes. These are real concerns and made worse when persons implementing the curriculum are not clear what is expected of them. How often have we heard people say, ‘the plan was good but implementation was poor’. On the other hand, if a curriculum plan is not implemented and remains on the shelf then all efforts in planning will be a sheer waste. A curriculum must be delivered and that means it must be implemented in the classroom if it is to make an impact on student learning. Good plans reaching the classroom are not properly implemented because of a lack of planning and preparation. In some curriculum development projects, implementation is not been given due consideration; not realising that innovations need careful planning and monitoring...
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...A review of the research literature relating to ICT and attainment A review of the research literature relating to ICT and attainment A report to the DfES by: Editors: Margaret Cox and Chris Abbott; Authors: Margaret Cox, Chris Abbott, Mary Webb, Barry Blakeley, Tony Beauchamp and Valerie Rhodes; Project Administrator: Montanut Turnbull; Project Consultant: Deryn Watson All members of the project team are based in the Department of Education and Professional Studies at King’s College London. Acknowledgements The project team wishes to acknowledge the support of Becta (the British Educational Communications and Technology Agency) for initiating and funding this project on behalf of the Department for Education and Skills (DfES), and the ongoing advice, encouragement and support which we have received, in particular from Malcolm Hunt, Head of Evidence and Research, Becta, and from Andrew Jones and Michael Harris, Education Officers, Becta. The team would also like to acknowledge the support and advice received from academic and administrative colleagues at King’s College London and at the University of Leeds. Version 1, January 2004 © Becta 2004 http://www.becta.org.uk page 1 of 58 Becta | A review of the research literature relating to ICT and attainment Contents Executive Summary 1 2 3 4 Introduction Evidence of the effects of ICT on attainment Factors affecting attainment Research methods to measure ICT and attainment 4 4 ...
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