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Abstract—The tremendous growth in popularity of smartphones has been closely matched by increased efforts to harness their potential. This has lead to the development of powerful mobile operating systems that provide novel programming platforms for the creation of rich mobile applications. To support these new paradigms, developers are now asked to spend considerable effort in replicating functionality, usually already available in web applications, for the native applications. In this paper, we observe that web applications closely simulate the design of native applications and the web origin can act as a more reliable authentication identifier for third-party application content.We consequently argue in favor of using web applications as the default for mobile platforms and propose a practical approach to extend web applications with native applicationlike capabilities. Central to our approach is a browser-based permission model that effectively manages permissions both at install time and at runtime, and supports dynamic user policies.
We discuss security and non-security challenges of realizing this approach. The rapid growth of mobile computing and increasing adoption of smartphones has resulted in the evolution of rich mobile platforms, such as Android and iOS. While these platforms derive much of the functionality from traditional desktop operating systems, they also introduce security mechanisms to satisfy the new requirements imposed by the mobile environment. One such novel mechanism is the applicationcentric permission model developed for Android that controls access to sensitive data (such as contact list) and resources
(such as camera) available on the device.
While the permission model provides users with an ability to control access to their data and resources, it also introduces a new programming paradigm where applications must follow a defined structure and are platform-specific. For instance in Android the applications are typically written in
Java and use a component-based architecture to modularize their functionality. This introduces an additional burden on application developers who need to learn and understand a new programming paradigm.
With rich features, such as camera and GPS, readily available on mobile devices, there is an increasing motivation for individuals and businesses to harness these resources to provide enhanced functionality in their applications. Over the years, a large majority of these individuals and businesses have provided their online services on the Web. However, instead of just enhancing their current applications to use the mobile features, they are asked to redevelop their applications in the new platform-specific programming paradigms. For example, a bank has to individually develop its application for Android and iOS, when it already has a potentially well-used, and hence well tested, web application.
In this position paper, we show that there is a close correspondence between the new mobile paradigms and the existing web platform in the context of application development. We use the Android platform as our representative example in the paper; the basic concepts apply to other mobile platforms as well. Consequently, we argue that the web platform can be adapted to satisfy the requirements of the mobile platform, effectively resulting in a natural adaptation of web applications to have similar capabilities as the native mobile applications.
We argue that the web origin act as a natural identification token for applications instead of a signature-based approach used in native applications. While new programming platforms, such as PhoneGap [1], enable the use of web technologies
(HTML, JavaScript and CSS) in native applications, all files are stored locally on the device with the loss of origin information. A local origin is associated with all the files irrespective of their source. As a result, it suffers from the same developer-authentication issue as the signature-based approach used by Android (Section II).
Based on our learnings, we propose that web applications running in a browser be given access to the the data and features exposed by the underlying platform APIs. To monitor access, we propose a browser-based permission model similar in concept to the Android model. From the perspective of permission enforcement, a browser-based approach is inherently advantageous over the current platform-based approach as it enables a dynamic permission model where the users can modify permissions at runtime (Section III).
To realize the concepts proposed in the paper, we also discuss a candidate design of a prototype system that can be readily deployed without any major modifications to the current web setup. Our proposed design uses browser extensions that proxy all API calls to the underlying operating system
(Section III).
This proposal makes the following contributions:
• It provides a correlation between the mobile world and the web world from the perspective of application development.
• It proposes that web origin should act as the identification token for browser-based mobile applications.
• It proposes a browser-based permission model and provides a practical approach for its implementation.

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