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Technology a Blessing or a Course

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Submitted By sandyadela
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El ácido acético, ácido metilencarboxílico o ácido etanoico, se puede encontrar en forma de ion acetato. Éste es un ácido que se encuentra en el vinagre, siendo el principal responsable de su sabor y olor agrios. Su fórmula es CH3-COOH (C2H4O2). De acuerdo con la IUPAC se denomina sistemáticamente ácido etanoico.

Fórmula química; el grupo carboxilo, que le confiere la acidez, está en azul.
Es el segundo de los ácidos carboxílicos, después del ácido fórmico o metanoico, que solo tiene un carbono, y antes del ácido propanoico, que ya tiene una cadena de tres carbonos.
El punto de fusión es 16,6 °C y el punto de ebullición es 117,9 °C.
En disolución acuosa, el ácido acético puede perder el protón del grupo carboxilo para dar su base conjugada, el acetato. Su pKa es de 4,8 a 25 °C, lo cual significa, que al pH moderadamente ácido de 4,8, la mitad de sus moléculas se habrán desprendido del protón. Esto hace que sea un ácido débil y que, en concentraciones adecuadas, pueda formar disoluciones tampón con su base conjugada. La constante de disociación a 20 °C es Ka = 1,75·10−5.
Es de interés para la química orgánica como reactivo, para la química inorgánica como ligando, y para la bioquímica como metabolito (activado como acetil-coenzima A). También es utilizado como sustrato, en su forma activada, en reacciones catalizadas por las enzimas conocidas como acetiltransferasas y, en concreto, histona acetiltransferasas.
Hoy día, la vía natural de obtención de ácido acético es a través de la carbonilación (reacción con CO) de metanol. Antaño se producía por oxidación de etileno en acetaldehído y posterior oxidación de éste a ácido acético.
2.- El ácido fórmico fue aislado en 1671 por primera vez por el naturalista inglés John Ray destilándolo a partir de un montón de hormigas rojas (Formica rufa) machacadas.2 3 4 5 Este ácido es el que inyectan algunas especies de hormigas al morder y abejas al picar. De ahí el nombre de fórmico (del latín formica, hormiga).
El ácido fórmico también se encuentra como componente natural de la miel,6 y es una de las sustancias, junto con el ácido oxálico y el ácido tartárico generadoras del picor producido por algunas ortigas.7
Algunas bacterias pueden producir ácido fórmico a partir del piruvato en una reacción catalizada por el enzima piruvato-formato liasa.8
En el año 2000 el ácido fórmico también fue hallado en la cola del cometa Hale-Bopp.9 10 Puesto que la síntesis orgánica de estas moléculas es inviable bajo las condiciones espaciales este hallazgo parece sugerir que a la formación del sistema solar debió anteceder un periodo de calentamiento durante su colapso final.10
El ácido fórmico también se encuentra presente en la troposfera y es parcialmente responsable de la lluvia ácida.11 Los orígenes de su presencia son aún especulados pero algunos autores la han relacionado con el ácido fórmico liberado por las hormigas del amazonas.12

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...ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to acknowledge this case study first of all to God that gives us knowledge and our shield. The omnipresent god for answering our prayers for giving us strength to do this case study for making this possible. To our beloved family who inspired us always gave us their undying support for helping us in our financial need, gathering different information and their loving guidance. To our group mates who participated and cooperates for giving their time to this project. To our instructors who guide us and teach us how to make this thesis more knowledgeable. DEDICATION We would like to dedicate this case study to our almighty God who gave us strength and enough courage to fulfill this project. And also to all the people who involved in this project. To our instructors who gave us knowledge. Who gave their full efforts to pursue this kind of project and disciplines us in all matters. To our family who gave their moral support, their guidance and also sharing their knowledge on this feasibility study. Our almost appreciation to Datamex College of Saint Adeline specially to our instructors and admins for sharing their precious time with us, who gave their full cooperation, patient and kindness in answering our questions during our group interview with them. Thank you so much. May be with you always. ...

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