...Information and Communication Technologies for Development (ICT4D) refers to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the fields of socioeconomic development, international development and human rights. The theory behind this is that more and better information and communication furthers the development of a society. Aside from its reliance on technology, ICT4D also requires an understanding of community development, poverty, agriculture, healthcare, and basic education. Richard Heeks suggests that the the I in ICT4D is related with “library and information sciences”, the C is associated with “communication studies", the T is linked with “information systems", and the D for “development studies”.[1] It is aimed at bridging the digital divide and aid economic development by fostering equitable access to modern communications technologies. It is a powerful tool for economic and social development.[2] Other terms can also be used for "ICT4D" or "ICT4Dev" ("ICT for development") like ICTD ("ICT and development", which is used in a broader sense[3]) and development informatics. ICT4D can mean as dealing with disadvantaged populations anywhere in the world, but it is more seen with applications in developing countries. It concerns with directly applying information technology approaches to poverty reduction. ICTs can be applied directly, wherein its use directly benefits the disadvantaged population, or indirectly, wherein it can assist aid organisations or...
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...Faculty of Business and Technology Departament of Business and Ecnomics Course Paper: “Economic development in Pogradec through tourism” Student: Kristina Prifti Coach: Vilma Tafani Abstract Zhvillimi ekonomik ne ditet e sotme mbetet prioritet i cdo qeverie per vendin e vet. Cilat jane burimet qe ndikojne ne zhvillimin ekonomik dhe sa trajtohen keto burime per te perfituar maksimalisht prej tyre? Ne kete course paper trajtohet pikerisht zhvillimi ekonomik i qytetit te Pogradecit ne 5 vitet e fundit. Gjithashtu ne te trajtohet jo vetem zhvillimi ekonomik por edhe problematikat e shumat qe hasin bizneset dhe qytetaret ne administrimin e burimeve ekonomike nga bashkia e qytetit. Fokusimi i kesaj teme eshte tek menyra sesi mund te administrohen me mire burimet ekonomike ne te ardhmen dhe cfare masash duhet te marre bashkia per zhvillimin sa me te mire ekonomik te qytetit te vet. Ne fund te ketij course paper jane dhene disa rekomandime sesi mund te permiresohet zhvillimi ekonomik ne te ardhmen nepermjet menaxhimit sa me te mire te burimeve natyrore dhe sektoreve te tjere te ekonomise. Rekomandimi primar eshte qe zhvillimi ekonomik te jete i fokusuar tek ushtrimi i veprimtarise turistike gjate gjithe vitit. Kjo course paper nxjerrdisaperfundimeterendesishme se simundtepermiresohetzhvillimiekonomik...
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...Marketing Plan 2nd Progress Report MKT- 402 Industrial Marketing – J Winter 2014 Semester Presented by: Abrar Salim Rafil Zulqarnain Ramsha Khan 28th September 2014 Situational Analysis Internal Analysis Information technology is globally recognized as a vital tool for accelerated ecnonomic growth, efficient governance and human resource developement. Punjab Information Technology Board [PITB] has taken numerous initiatives to deploy swift, effecgtive and innovative IT solutions in Pakistan & has attained massive accomplishments. Plan 9 is an up and running successful project of PITB. Plan 9 is Pakistan's largest tech incubator. Tech incubators are business assistance programs that serve entrepreneurs that deal with technology. Incubators share office space and administrative services but the the core value that they serve is the incubation program to the start up companies. Plan 9 benefits a variety of economic and socioeconomic policy needs, which includes * creating jobs and wealth * Fostering a community's entreprenuerial climate * Technology commercialication * Diversifying local economies * Encouragin women or minority groups Jobs are created as if a team of 5 people successfully incorporate a startup then they would require more workforce and hence more job opportunites would lead to better economic conditions of the country. Plan 9 gives the opportunity to programmers and software developers and other IT personnel...
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...[pic] Name: Meryem Guessous ID: L0088MIMI1012 Class: Manegirial ecnomics Date: 18th April 2012 Lecturer: Ellie Samsar [pic] Computer Market The free market is one in which producers are free enter and exist. Free market is a modern concept that facilities buyers and sellers by limiting their restrictions. The advantage of free market for consumers is that they can get products at inexpensive prices. The free market is characterized with intense competition that results in price reduction. In the computer industry, manufacturers are facing the challenge of technology advancements. However, the technological advancements do not allow producers to increase the price of their product because the technology becomes obsolete quickly. Product price is an important element of purchase decision as well as of marketing mix. In developing countries where prices of products form a large role in influencing the consumers, price is prevailing among other elements of marketing mix which are product, promotions and distribution. Before setting the prices of product, there are various factors that must be considered by marketers, the most important among them is enviornmental factors which includes competition. From the viewpoint of competition, the firms must consider the impact of their pricing strategies on the prices of competitiors or they must set prices keeping in mind the strategies of competitors. There are different pricing strategies which includes skimming...
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...------------------------------------------------- E-Business ------------------------------------------------- E-Business ------------------------------------------------- Dr. Bobbi Sharma ------------------------------------------------- Dr. Bobbi Sharma ------------------------------------------------- ID: B00676737 ------------------------------------------------- ID: B00676737 Word: 2022 The Role of ERP in Automotive Industry Table of Contents 1. Introduction ……………………………………………………….……….. 04 2. ERP ………………………………………………………………………… 04 3. The Revolution towards ERP……………………………………..………... 05 4. ERP in Automotive Industry…………………………………..…………… 05 5. ERP implementation Business Risks in Automotive Industry………….….. 07 6. Evaluation and Conclusion…………………………………………………. 08 7. Reference…………………………………………………………………… 10 8. Bibliography………………………………………………………………... 13 9. Appendix………………………………………………………………….… 15 1. Introduction Last few decades there is a rapid change in IT sector which created impact on business organisations and there is a wonderful gift from IT sector is Enterprise Resource Planning System Software (Mazzawi R, 2014). Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system has been increased in using in developed countries by large companies, government corporations and in other different industries. And there is a wide adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) in organisational management to improve their performance and productivity...
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...Global Advanced Research Journal of Management and Business Studies Vol. 1(4) pp. 126-133, May, 2012 Available online http://garj.org/garjmbs/index.htm Copyright © 2012 Global Advanced Research Journals Full Length Research Paper Impact of Motivation on the working performance of employees- A case study of Pakistan. Akbar Ali1, Maira Abrar2 , Jahanzaib Haider 1 Bahaudin Zakariya University, Multan, Sub-Campus, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Tel: 92-331-7304678, 2 3 Bahaudin Zakariya University, Multan, Sub-Campus, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Bahaudin Zakariya University, Multan, Sub-Campus, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Tel: 92-331-3312626, Accepted 10 April, 2012 Motives are key to human behavior. It plays an important role in performance and other activities and as such the manager should know what motivation is and how subordinates can are motivated towards performance. This study investigates the role of motivation on employees’ performance as the history of explaining human or animal behavior is not new.” why did one do what one did “had been the subject of working even in the past, some human behavior was explained as an outcome of demos impedance and this explanation was unscientific. Efforts were also made to determine principles which could explain human behavior. McDougall emphasized that man’s social behavior can be explained in terms of instincts which was later on criticized. Freud used “unconscious metal process” to explain behavior especially...
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...A case study on Marks and Spencer which includes: The company at present, Background of the Study, Case Background, Problem, SWOT Analysis, Alternative Courses of Action, Recommendation, Conclusion. A Case Study on Marks and Spencer The Company at Present Marks and Spencer has over 450 stores located throughout the UK, this includes the largest store at Marble Arch, London. In addition, the Company has 150 stores worldwide, including over 130 franchise businesses, operating in 30 countries. Background of the Company * Marks and Spencer (M&S) of Britain (often referred to as Marks & Sparks by locals) is a general retailer that sells clothes, gifts, home furnishings, and foods under the St. Michael trademark in the UK, Europe, the Americas and Far East. * The company also operates financial services segment, which accounted for about 3% of the company’s 1998 profits (Dow Jones Industrial 1999) * Marks & Spencer started as a stall in 1884 by Michael Marks in the Leads market using an L5 loan from a wholesaler * Its philosophy is to sell durable merchandise at a moderate price. It has merchandise made to its specifications. * By 1901, the company acquired 35 Outlets as well as a new partner, Tom Spencer * By 1949 all the company’s stores carried mostly private label (St. Michael) products produced by British suppliers (De Nardi-Cole 1998). Case Background * Britain has often been called a country of shopkeepers, and Marks & Spencer...
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...Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction Over a decade, the consensus of economics growth remains the key focus for every nation notably in least development countries (LDC). Poverty eradication, income distribution and welfare enhancement often discussed widely by these nations. Economic growth is often seen as the 'holy grail' of economic policy. This simplistic emphasis on economic growth is often criticized because of the limitations of economic growth in improving living standards. Another question arise is does economic growth promote sustainable improvement on country development? Malaysia economy has been transformed from a protected low income supplier of raw materials to a middle income emerging multi-sector market economy in the past 20 years. This is driven by the export of manufacturing goods, particularly electronics and semiconductors, which constitute about 90% of exports. In this paper, the primary objective is to investigate what is the relationship between openness, inflation and FDI with economic growth. Export and import often plays pivotal role in determine the gross domestic product (GDP) in a nation. In particular, the research question to be outlined is how does openness, inflation and FDI affect economic growth. Multinational corporations (MNCs) are those organizations that own or controls productions of goods or services in one or more countries other than its home country. MNC plays major role in foreign aids recipient countries, it contribution to...
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... 1.Weaknesses 19 2.Opportunities 21 APPENDIX: Playing roles 23 I.Phase 1 23 II.Phase 2 24 III.Phase 3: Evaluating 31 IV.Phase 4: CONCLUSION 37 REFERENCE 39 list of figures Figure 1: Number of SOEs, 1992-2011 6 Figure 2: Vietnam ranked first for economic activity both sexes aged 25-29 amongst host countries in 2010 10 Figure 3: Monthly Wage Levels in Asia (US$) 15 Figure 4: Vietnam’s Private Sector Minimum Wage, 2008-2014, and 2015-2020 (est) 16 Figure 5: Global competitive Index 17 Figure 6: Main competitors of Vietnam in attracting foreign investment 18 List of tables Table 1: Regulatory Quality – Worldwide governance indicatiors (Percentage Rank (0-100) ). 6 Table 2:Vietnam's workforce by ecnomic component and by economic sectors,1990-2010 10 Table 3: Facts of Vietnam 2012 13 Table 4: Foreign equity ownership indexes (100 = full foreign ownership allowed) 14 Table 5: Corruption Percentage Index 2012 20 Table 6: Indicators of starting a foreign business 21 Table 7: Indicators of the right to lease land 22 Table 8: Comparison in Investment promotion in some countries 23 ABSTRACT Developing...
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...3 Global challenges, need for R&I and economic dimensions of Digital Technology AUTUMN 2013 Copyright © ARTEMIS Industry Association & ITEA Office Association Permission to reproduce any text from this publication for non-commercial purposes is granted, provided that the source is credited. First edition, autumn 2013 www.artemis-ia.eu & www.itea2.org ISBN: 978-90-817213-2-5 5 Preamble This updated document1 is the joint result of the industry represented in the ARTEMIS Industry Association and ITEA and expresses the common industry ambition. Its creation was initiated by the ARTEMIS ITEA Cooperation Committee (AICC). The main goal of this update of the ITEA-ARTEMIS high-level vision 2030, version 2012 is to add a quantitative description of the impact of software innovation on revenues and labour. There are also other aspects of the impact of software innovation, like eco-systems, community building and standardisation. However these are not the focus of this year’s update. Disclaimer The trends and predictions presented in this document are based on publicly available sources. We rely on these sources, without independent verification of the information presented. The nature of this document is for a large part rather a compilation of existing material, than a reinvention of insights. The statements made by Roland Berger Strategy Consultants are based on assumptions held to be accurate on the basis of the information available. However, Roland Berger Strategy...
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...ANALYSIS OF FERTILIZER INDUTRY OF PAKISTAN PHOENIX PAF KARACHI INSITITUTE OF ECNOMICS AND TECHNOLOGY, KARACHI PAKISTAN Submitted by: MARYAM NISAR (BB-3-06-3416) SIDRA JAMAL (BB-3-06-3428) Course: ANALYSIS OF PAKISTANI INDUSTRY Submitted to: Mr. QAZI SALMAN 2 PHOENIX Page Table of Contents PRODUCTS: ........................................................................................................................................6 Brands: ..............................................................................................................................................7 SIZE OF INDUSTRY...............................................................................................................................8 GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION..................................................................................................................9 FACTORIES LOCATION ...............................................................................................................9 WAREHOUSES ..........................................................................................................................9 TOTAL PRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................10 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT .......................................................................................................................10 TOTAL EXPORT .....................................................
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...Does the "New Economy" Measure up to the Great Inventions of the Past? Robert J. Gordon Stanley G. Harris Professor in the Social Sciences, Northwestern University Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research April 28, 2000 draft of a paper for the Journal of Economic Perspectives _____________________ This research is supported by the National Science Foundation. I have benefitted from discussions on these topics with many people, especially Erik Brynjolfsson, Joel Mokyr, Jack Triplett, and the late Zvi Griliches. "The invention of the semiconductor transistor set in motion a technological revolution that is arguably even more impressive and pervasive than that of the Great Industrial Revolution of the last century." -- Flamm (1997, p. 1) "The chip has transformed us at least as pervasively as the internal-combustion engine or electric motor" -- Fortune magazine, June 8, 1998, pp. 86-87. The miracle of U. S. economic performance in the late 1990s was a source of pride at home, of envy abroad, and of puzzlement among economists and policymakers. 1 The Federal Reserve presided over rates of output growth believed only a few years earlier to be unachievable even for a few quarters, much less over the four glowing years 1996-99. As the unemployment rate inched ever lower, the Fed reacted with benign neglect, so that early in the year 2000 short-term interest rates were no higher than they had been five years earlier and long-term interest rates were considerably...
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...Dream Dare Win www.jeywin.com Annual Report 2007-08 Ministry of Finance Government of India Dream Dare Win 1 www.jeywin.com Dream Dare Win www.jeywin.com FOR PUBLIC CONTACT PURPOSE: Ministry of Finance Department of Economic Affairs North Block, New Delhi - 110 001 Phones: 23095120, 23092453 Website: http://www.finmin.nic.in/the_ministry/dept_eco_affairs/index.html Department of Expenditure North Block New Delhi - 110 001 Phones: 23095661, 23095613 Website: http://www.finmin.nic.in/the_ministry/dept_expenditure/index.html Department of Revenue North Block New Delhi - 110 001 Phones: 23095384, 23095385 Website: http://www.finmin.nic.in/the_ministry/dept_revenue/index.html Department of Disinvestment Block 11 & 14, CGO Complex Lodhi Road, New Delhi -110 003 Phones: 24368528, 24368523, 24368044 Website: http://www.divest.nic.in Department of Financial Services Jeevan Deep Building, Parliament Street, New Delhi 110 001 Phones: 23748721, 23748734 Website: http://www.finmin.nic.in Dream Dare Win 2 www.jeywin.com Dream Dare Win www.jeywin.com Contents Paragraph No. INTRODUCTION Page No. 1 CHAPTER - I Department of Economic Affairs 9 Economic Division 1 11 Budget Division 2 12 Capital Markets Division 3 15 Infrastructure Division 4 19 Fund Bank Division (including UN Branch) 5 23 Foreign Trade Division 6 26 Aid Accounts & Audit Division ...
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...NTRODUCTION: AN INVITATION TO BOMBAY The envelope was hand-delivered to our house in Golf Links, Tan enclave in New Delhi whose name captured the clubbable lifestyle of its leisured and propertied Indian residents, soon after we had arrived in the middle of a north Indian winter to begin a long assignment. It contained a large card, with a picture embossed in red and gold of the elephant-headed deity Ganesh, improbably carried on the back of a much smaller mouse. Dhirubhai and Kokilaben Ambani invited us to the wedding of their son Anil to Tina Munim in Bombay. In January 1991, just prior to the explosion in car ownership that in later winters kept the midday warmth trapped in a throat-tearing haze overnight, it was bitterly cold most of the time in Delhi. Our furniture had still not arrived-a day of negotiations about the duty payable lay ahead at the Delhi customs office where the container was broken open and inspected-and we camped on office chairs and fold-up beds, wrapped in blankets. The Indian story was also in a state of suspension, waiting for something to happen. The Gulf War, which we watched at a big hotel on this new thing called satellite television, was under- cutting many of the assumptions on which the Congress Party’s family dynasty, the Nehrus and Gandhis, had built up the Indian state. The Americans were unleashing a new generation of weap- ons on a Third World regime to which New Delhi had been close; its Soviet friends were standing by, even agreeing with...
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...NTRODUCTION: AN INVITATION TO BOMBAY The envelope was hand-delivered to our house in Golf Links, Tan enclave in New Delhi whose name captured the clubbable lifestyle of its leisured and propertied Indian residents, soon after we had arrived in the middle of a north Indian winter to begin a long assignment. It contained a large card, with a picture embossed in red and gold of the elephant-headed deity Ganesh, improbably carried on the back of a much smaller mouse. Dhirubhai and Kokilaben Ambani invited us to the wedding of their son Anil to Tina Munim in Bombay. In January 1991, just prior to the explosion in car ownership that in later winters kept the midday warmth trapped in a throat-tearing haze overnight, it was bitterly cold most of the time in Delhi. Our furniture had still not arrived-a day of negotiations about the duty payable lay ahead at the Delhi customs office where the container was broken open and inspected-and we camped on office chairs and fold-up beds, wrapped in blankets. The Indian story was also in a state of suspension, waiting for something to happen. The Gulf War, which we watched at a big hotel on this new thing called satellite television, was under- cutting many of the assumptions on which the Congress Party’s family dynasty, the Nehrus and Gandhis, had built up the Indian state. The Americans were unleashing a new generation of weap- ons on a Third World regime to which New Delhi had been close; its Soviet friends were standing by, even agreeing with...
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