...TOPIC SUBJECT HEADINGS For use in Online Catalog (OPAC) SUBJECT HEADINGS For Sample Database Searches Abortion Abortion; Pro-Choice Movement; Pro-Life Movement Abortion Acid rain SEE ALSO Pollution Acid Rain Acid Rain Adoption (interracial, unmarried persons, gays) Adoption; Gay parents; Interracial adoption Adoption AIDS AIDS (Disease); AIDS (Disease) in children AIDS (Disease); Pediatric AIDS (Disease) Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Animal experimentation; Animal rights Anorexia and Bulimia SEE Eating disorders Athletes and drugs Doping in Sports Drugs and Athletes Banking Bailout (2008) Bailout Battered women SEE ALSO Wife Abuse Abused women Conjugal abuse Birth control Birth control; Contraception Birth control; Contraception Black Reparations Movement Reparations; Slavery--Law and legislation Reparations Body language Body language; Gesture; Nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication Bullying Bullying Bullying; Cyberbullying Business ethics Business ethics; Corporations - Corrupt practices Business ethics; Business enterprises, Corrupt practices Capital punishment (Death Penalty) Capital punishment; Death row Capital punishment Cancer Cancer--Prevention SEE ALSO types of cancer, such asBreast--Cancer Neoplasms--Prevention and Control;Cancer Treatment Censorship SEE ALSO Freedom of the Press Censorship; Prohibited...
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...as it lays the foundation for gaining arithmetic basic concepts. At these stage, it is advisable for the person in care of the child to use manipulative materials such as; cubes, dice, spinners among many more others. Use of such manipulative materials boosts the child’s confidence. The child will also tend to develop schemas for the objects or even animals around. He will always become easily fascinated on seen new objects. As a caregiver, it is advisable to provide the child with tools that are attractive to enhance brain growth. This stage is vital and should involve showing of love to the child to create a good environment to learn and brain growth. The Erikson psychological stage that can be applied to a four year child is initiative vs. guilt. It is also called the purpose stage. At this stage, the child starts to acquire basic skills in physics. It is during this stage that the child will learn that things do not fall upwards but downwards. Guilt is what tends to confuse them more. The child at this age will fell guilt for something that does not deserve guiltiness. This stage is very crucial for the children as they tend to develop traits of independence and courage. It is this courage that they gain during this period that sets them. The activities exhibited by the child during this stage include riding a bike without a helmet, crossing the road alone and without caring among many others. They are easily frustrated if they fail to achieve a certain goal (Krebs 140). They...
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...Social Problems Associated with Street Gangs Gangs are becoming prevalent in today’s society and within our schools. More and more young people are turning to gangs in an attempt to escape their everyday lives and the future, which they perceive as dismal and bleak. They are initially attracted to the prestige and cash flow, which is glamorized by the street gang. Many gangs are actively involved in criminal misconduct, such as drug and gun trafficking, burglaries and homicides. However, street gangs are not just a criminal justice issue, but a social problem, which is triggered by poverty, peer pressure, boredom, despair and lacking a sense of belonging. A street gang can be defined as “an organized social system that is both quasi-private (not fully open to the public) and quasi-secretive (much of the information concerning its business remains confined with the group) and one whose size and goals have necessitated that social interaction be governed by a leadership structure that has defined roles; where the authority associated with these roles has been legitimized to the extent that social codes are operational to regulate the behavior of both the leadership and the rank and file; that plans and provides not only for the social and economic services of its members, but also for its own maintenance as an organization; that pursues such goals irrespective of whether the action is legal or not; and that lacks a bureaucracy (i.e., an administrative staff that is hierarchically...
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...Have you ever wondered what type of obstacles teenagers go through to maintain relationships throughout their high school years? Some relationships last for only a few weeks, months or maybe even all of their high school years. From verbal, emotional, and physical abuse to positive and even negative peer pressure they put up with a lot. Teenage relationships play a big role in developing the capacity for long-term, committed relationships in their adulthood. The relationships developed during teen years have a big impact on school life with teen’s academics and the way they play in sports. The relationships teens involve themselves with can negatively affect their academic and social life. It may bring out the worst in them and may cause grades to slip and their outlook on school to change. My fellow class mate Gina stated, “Arguing with my partner during the day causes me to have an attitude at school and may cause me to focus less on my school work.” This causes grades to fall and they may get sidetracked of what really matters because they’re worried about an argument that happened with a peer. School sports also have an effect on teen relationships. My other fellow classmate Monica says, “sports put a damper on my relationship at times because volleyball and football season were at the same time and we barely had time to communicate with each other cause of games, practice and also school work. “But they -found a way to work around it by sitting together at lunch since...
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...The vital problem of death penalty for children as one of the most important issues of the contemporary system of justice. The death penalty issue has always been one of the most important issues of the contemporary system of justice. Years ago the majority of the criminals were male over 20, but nowadays the situation has quite changed. Not only grown-ups but also by children who are under 18 years old nowadays commit murders and other terrible crimes. Ordinarily, a young criminal is not applied the same restrictions for his crime as a grown criminal is, nevertheless if it especially goes about capital crimes people start talking about the death penalty for such juveniles. A child always remains a child and if he commits a crime it is not because he has had a good life. It is not the guilt of the children, but their big misfortune. It is a misfortune of not having anybody to love and truly support them and lead them in the correct direction. Along with that it is common knowledge that the period of 11 through 17 is a period of an especially intensive changes both in the organism and the mind of a child. That is why it is not fair to put a child in the same line with a grown up that can be completely responsible for his actions. A child is not mentally capable of comprehending the crime he or she commits. The system of values in the age under 18 is not built yet, other people can easily influence children and the psychic process are not stable yet. Under these conditions...
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...Problems within the Criminal Justice System In the United States Abstract: This research paper explores some problems faced within the criminal system justice in the United States. Larry J. Siegel’s book “Criminology” gives us a history of the criminal justice system, how it operates, and some of the problems we experience with this system. Some of the problems detailed in this paper include the right to equal justice; which he explained the different kind of judgment that people receive based on their race, gender and class, the criminal justice system spends more money on criminals instead of improving technology for the police apprehending them, the criminal justice system lacks of sentencing disparity, reliance on eyewitness and modern technology can lead to conviction of innocent citizen, and finally the rehabilitation model which is set up to educate criminals and eventually let them free because of the belief that they are changed people and have been rehabilitated. According to the definition from the text “Criminology”, the term criminal justice system refers to “the components of government charged with enforcing law, adjudicating criminals, and correcting criminal conduct” (Siegel, 2009, p. 558). According to Siegel, the criminal justice system is essentially “an instrument of social control: society considers some behaviors so dangerous and destructive that it either strictly controls their occurrence...
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... Some would wonder why there are charges on your freedom of expression. America is not as free as they say, Americans have come across many roadblocks that threaten freedom of speech, religion, and the likes. We all have to pay to get what we feel inside of ourselves out. Like coming out of the closet, it such a hard struggle because we see the price. Putting a charge on graffiti is almost the same thing as selling art and the proceeding to destroy it.. Some would say that graffiti makes the streets look rather messy, or that it is destroying the property value. Others say there should be justice and to not put so much jail time in this form of freedom of expression. Valentin 2 It is considered to have started in New York City in the late 1960s and became a hit thanks to a young, and flourishing, generation during that time. Then later on during the early 1970s, a revolution of art started, and mostly teenagers in that era were participating, many had escaped law enforcement for creating, what americans know as, graffiti. Others got fined or sent to jail. The amount of work that these underappreciated artists had put into these beautiful works of art took talent, timing, vigilance, adaptation, and...
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...the United States, and Alberts v. California. In these cases, Samuel Roth and David Alberts were charge for distributing obscenity through mail, and advertising obscenity, respectively. Roth was sentenced to a 5 year in jail and $ 5,000 fine. However, his lawyer legitimately argued that the Bible contains explicit material about incest (Strub 134). Just as Roth Alberts also loss the case. In the 1970's the same judge who ruled that obscenity had no value to society, Justice William J. Brennan, revisits the topic of obscenity in the Miller v. California...
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...Richard Milhous Nixon Nick Bennett Perspectives on the Presidency Dr. Kane 4 April 2011 Richard Milhous Nixon, an introverted man in an extroverted environment, was a brilliant but flawed individual. Described as having a “light side” and “dark side,” Nixon routinely displayed vindictive and insecure qualities that were very detrimental to his presidency. Nixon was a man of many complexities and contradictions that seemed to all stem from his troublesome childhood. Nixon excelled in foreign affairs as he broke the ice with numerous nations and possessed a remarkable knowledge. He was an innovative thinker and developed intricate strategies that would give him a bold portrayal. Although he had an undeniable amount of knowledge, he displayed many negative characteristics within his personality and views in regard to his power. Spending long nights alone, Nixon would evaluate problems, correlate the information and develop a very plausible solution. Regarding Richard Nixon and the notion of presidential power, he implemented some beneficial uses, however several examples of abuse. He would sometimes even act on issues without seeking approval or guidance from congress. Nixon used unjustified means in order to accomplish his tasks, thus sparking much debate concerning the extraordinary power of the United States President. Nixon’s personality can be described as paradoxical and flawed. His childhood was difficult to say...
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...has failed, we usually consider that the use of illicit drugs could not be reduced and is on the rise. However, it is also because it is costing more and more lives every day in addition to all the resources used coming out of the taxpayers’ pockets. In short, the war on drugs has failed because the government enforced punishment instead of prevention, which led to creating a black market that increased crime and corruption, resulting in loss of resources and a worse economy. First, since the beginning of this drug war, the government has been focused on enforcing tough punishments instead of finding out ways that could prevent the distribution and use of illicit drugs. Although some people have a mindset that by bringing an offender to justice by punishment will teach a lesson, this concept is not...
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...The Iks vs. Society In the essay, “The Iks,” Lewis Thomas compares the behavior and characteristics of a tribe. He compares and contrasts the actions and traditions of Iks to other “groups of one size or another, ranging from committees to nations” due to their transformations of becoming barbarous creatures (Thomas 81). The Iks’ society is exploited by the government and an anthropologist, becoming a controlled experiment under a microscope.He discusses the transformation of the Iks from being nomadic hunters and gatherers in the mountain valleys to becoming more greedy, cruel, and disheartened individuals, as a reaction towards the “dismantling of their traditional culture” (Thomas 80). He analyzes and observes that the acts of the Iks and their similarities in action and behavior with competition groups.The Iks selfishness, cruelty, barbarous and savaging acts is explainable and compatible to groups of all sorts, formed in small or large, and groups such as cities or nations. Moreover, when groups are formed into a large group, the destructive and defensive traits exist absolutely in response to a common cause. An individual’s actions and behaviors vary within the surroundings. A simple high school rivalry could instigate destructive behaviors between the students and parents. As a member of the school dance team, I was involved in and present at a majority of social and sporting events. When a rival school was present, the mob mentality of each group would form, and the...
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...Solutions # 3.1 Life Imprisonment # 3.2 Rehabilitation or Reformatories # 3.3.0 Cases of Sex Offenders # 3.3.1 Use of GPS Device # 3.3.2 Revelation of Identities # 3.3.3 Chemical Castration # Appendix # Reference # 1.0 Introduction On September 21, 2011, Alireza Molla-Soltani was hanged to death after stabbing Iran’s most well-known athlete. Alireza was only 17 years-old at the time he was executed. Hassiba Sahraoui, Amnesty International’s Deputy Director, quote “The fact that Iran has decided to execute a 17-year old shows how little respect the authorities have for international human rights standards.” end quote. According to international law of justice, juveniles are strictly prohibited in receiving any capital punishments. Therefore, do we have to consider this case a justice? Among many nations worldwide, there are five countries that have the...
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...delinquency.It is said that prevention is better than cure.After juvenile becomes delinquent we try to reform him but if we from beginning take steps so that a juvenile doesn’t become delinquent then we won’t have to look into cases of increased crimes by juvenile delinquents.I have tried to throw light on those factors which play an important role in making a child delinquent and what are the methods by which we can stop a child from becoming delinquent and also the laws which have been made for juveniles.It is important to train a child properly to make a juvenile a responsible citizen of our country.I have also thrown light on salient features of juvenile justice act.Juveniles laws also seen in international perspective. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AND JUSTICE Juvenile delinquency, also known as "juvenile offending", is participation in illegal behavior by minors (juveniles, i.e. individuals younger than the statutory age of majority)....
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...abortions for their own personal reasons or reasons that may affect the unborn child’s life. We live in a society of unwanted pregnancies and where people are either Pro-life (against abortion) or Pro-choice (for abortion). I consider myself Pro-choice and believe that abortion should not be controlled by the government. Pro-choice groups believe that woman should be free to follow their own ethical beliefs concerning the termination or the continuation of a pregnancy (Wikipedia). Many recognize that their different beliefs about abortion access and that the state should not attempt to enforce a common belief system on all pregnant women who decide to terminate their pregnancies. The legalization of Abortion started in 1973 with the Roe vs. Wade case. This made abortion legal in all 50 states. Abortion is safe because we know the risks involved in an abortion are very low relative to other surgical procedures, and the risk of death from an abortion is one-tenth that of childbirth (Abortion Access). There are many different reasons that people fight for and against Abortions. You have those whom think that terminating a pregnancy is murder and the parent and doctor are committing the crimes. The situations where woman should have the right to abortion are where they have been raped, their health or life is at risk, contraception was used but failed, the woman has became pregnant because of sexual abuse or she feels unable to raise a child. This is a continuing problem...
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...show I struggled creating a personal identity and had difficulty blending in with societal norms. As a result I suffered from much insecurity, false conceptions of beauty, and depression. Up until writing this paper I felt these ideologies and feelings were better left in the past. However, I now understand these experiences shape my current beliefs and will affect my identity as a counselor. Therefore I must address these experiences and deal with them emotionally. As I relive these moments I will correlate my development with the research of the following theorist: Piaget, Erikson, and Seltzer. By showing correlation of my development with their theories I will prove many of experiences as an adolescence were typical of an American teenager. Looking into the mirror I was frustrated. Why isn’t my hair pretty? Other girls wear their hair straight. Why did mine always have to be braided? Why couldn’t I have a relaxer to smooth out my curls? I shook my head in frustration and began to look for the hot comb. On my first day of middle school I was going to look pretty like everyone else. I was going to have my hair straight and laid to the side. My mother usually kept the hot comb under the kitchen sink along with the straightening grease and heat tester cloth. All these tools would help me achieve my sleek look. I carefully turned on an eye of the stove, placed the hot comb on the eye and waited. When I saw smoke arise from the comb, I took the comb off and placed it...
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