...Telecommunication Industry. Communication networks in the digital world make possible joint production of a range of different services for a diverse group of customers. In the case of telephony, technological development has increased economies of scope far beyond joint production of voice and fax connection. For most calculation purposes, this means that the old costing systems and allocation assumptions stemming from the days of national voice telephony simply do not offer relevant facts any longer. This is true for internal decision making in the telecommunications, but perhaps more importantly for setting interconnection charges. Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an alternative to or improvement of previous costing practices. The activities in telecommunication network can be process steps and switching. For example, a long distance call passes by several switching processes. In this case, we can calculate cost per switching following the call time and distance used by subscriber. In the central process steps in telecommunication network, cost varies according to traffic. Call consists of switching, connection before call, and call connection. In this operating level, cost driver is the number of switches in switching process and the time to call in channel and transmission process respectively. Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an alternative to or improvement of previous costing practices. The activities in telecommunication network can be process steps and switching...
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...The Future Path of Malaysian Telecommunication Industry Introduction The era of the industrialization and information age has made the telecommunication industry expanded into diversified functionality to support the growth of technological advancement for better services demanded by any particular nation. In Malaysia, telecommunication industry is now considered to be prominent due to its contribution as a tool of technological support for the national development in line with the national aspirations. Hence, this paper will try to explore certain developmental features in the telecommunication industry that will portray the future path of such industry in the next coming century to "comfort" the nation as a whole through its available and possible services. Global Development of Telecommunication Industry There is no doubt that the developments of telecommunication industry and its technological infrastructure throughout the world have influenced the robust evolution of information industry. Thus, such phenomenon has contributed to the introduction of various newly sophisticated related technologies. In fact, telecommunication and information industries are very best described as "twin technology". In general, most people relate that telecommunication industry is a catalyst and the backbone for better services of broadcasting and communication services. Nowadays, especially in the most sophisticated information age, the industry also bares responsibility to create a global...
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...1.0 Introduction Telecommunication is very important in the social and economic empowered both for developed and developing countries. The government must be able to promote growth of vibrant telecom sector. However, most of the governments seek to come up with methods of ensuring that there is an independent telecoms regulator. Communication infrastructure reforms are a concept which enables operators to offer quality services. Infrastructure sharing is one of the reforms that can take place. It refers to the ability of operators to share networks or the ability of one party building communication infrastructure that will lease to other providers. Communication infrastructure can be done in fixed, mobile and broadcasting networks, and it is one of the best options of bringing reforms and best practices by bringing competitors in the industry to collaborate with an aim of lowering the cost and increasing their capital. It is also a method of reducing the risk of proliferating network deployment. There can be active or passive communication infrastructure sharing. In active sharing, the active network and components are shared by the operators. The regulator is aimed at providing clear directions towards achievement of national and regional development goals. This paper looks at the reforms of three countries, Czech Republic, Botswana and Liberia. The historical perspectives of how reforms have been achieved will the area of concern in this review. 2.0 Czech Republic ...
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...Environmenttal Analysis: As defined by the NAICS, This industry comprises establishments engaged in operating and maintaining switching and transmission facilities to provide communications via the airwaves. Establishments in this industry have spectrum licenses and provide services using that spectrum, such as cellular phone services, paging services, wireless Internet access, and wireless video services.[1] The Cellular Telecommunication & Internet Association listed 30 wireless telecommunication service provider in the US. Some of the largets carriers are Verizon, AT&T, Sprint Nextel and T-mobile. Wireless annual revenue was $ 164.6 billion in June 2011, up 6% from the same period in 2010. [2] In June 2011 there were 327.6 million wireless subscriber connection, with 9% increase from the year before June 2010: 300.5 million. [2] Some of the main entry barriers into the wireless industry are the capital investment, the regulatory condition and the spectrum availability. The cost of starting a new wireless carrier is very high, and with the strong competition and small profit margin, many businesses find it unprofitable to start a new carrier. Wireless regulators also limit the number of carriers in one country since the available frequency spectrum is limited. Below is Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis for the wireless industry: Internal Strengths Loyal customers: low churn rate Innovative branding and customer experience Rich...
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...The telecommunications field is a vast field that contains terms and acronyms which can be confusing to those who are not familiar with the terminology. Therefore, the following paragraphs will compare and explain some common terms used when referring to the telecommunications field and will entail some old technology with some new. To be included within the discussion is comparisons of telephone dialing sounds, Wide Area Telecommunications Services (WATS) versus leased lines, Private Branch Exchanges (PBX) or Centrex, and the International Organization for Standardization-Open Systems Interconnection (ISO-OSI) model. What are the differences between Rotary and Dual Tone Multi-frequency (DTMF)? Rotary dialed phones were round and "spun" to make a phone call. The disk had the numbers 0-9 and one had to place a finger in the hole next to the number they wanted to select and turn the dial completely around then let go. When the disk spun back to its original position it would create a series of frequency pulses that corresponded to the number dialed and was known as "pulse dialing." The phone company switching network would recognize the number of "clicks or pulses' sent and would switch to the appropriate line. On the other hand DTMF uses a "tone dialing' method to place a call. A push button phone uses the "tone" method of dialing. Each time a number button is pushed on the phone, the circuitry in the phone makes a two toned sound for each number and sends that sound to the...
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...INTRODUCTION: In India, as in many developing countries, the banking sector has been the dominant element in the country’s financial system. The sector has performed the key functions of providing liquidity and payment services to the real sector and has accounted for the bulk of the financial intermediation process. Besides institutionalizing savings, the banking sector has contributed to the process of economic development by serving as a major source of credit to households, Government, business and weaker sectors of the economy like village and small scale industries and agriculture. In recent times, Indian banking industry has swiftly introduced innovative banking technologies in banking services. The current study attempts to measure and compare the effect of the introduction of new technologies through electronic-banking on the service quality, and profitability of banks, and to assess the impact of changing from the traditional means to the electronic banking on the customers and on the banks as well. The study is qualitative and quantitative in nature investigating different objectives which determine the performance of banks mainly in terms of profitability and convenience. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH The purpose of this research is to find the changes that took place in banking sector after information technology was introduced in it. The paper shows the role played by banking sector in the economy and the affect after IT took over it. It further explains the benefits...
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...Characteristics of the Industry: Telecommunications started in the nineteenth century with the telegraph, and developed through the telephone and radio to TV to satellites and the Internet etc. The data transmitted has advanced from signals through voice to pictures and data and, with the development of convergence, to combinations of these. Every year, new technologies increase the services available and the speed of delivery. A combination of factors is resulting in the ever-decreasing cost of these services. The Communication Companies in India are on the ever rising trend and there has been a stupendous growth in this sector over the last decade. The telecommunication industry in India is one of the rapidly growing industries in the world and has also developed the second largest communication network. Major players in Indian telecom industry are Tata Communications, Airtel, Reliance, Vodafone, BSNL, Tata tele services etc. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) is the independent regulator of the telecommunications business in India. TRAI was established on...
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...Structure of the telecommunication industry Telecommunications involves an exchange of information, over a long distance, by means of electronic methods. (Rouse, 2007) In South Africa, there are three distinct forms of telecommunications, namely fixed landlines, mobile networks and broadband communication. This network industry, known as telecommunications, is an industry in which high initial fixed costs and exhibiting increasing returns to scale are presented. (Theron & Boshoff, 2006; p.2). In this industry, as network effects are realized, the average cost may decline over a long period. The high initial capital costs will be recovered over a period of time. (Theron & Boshoff, 2006; p.2) In this essay, these three forms of telecommunications will be discussed in depth, in accordance to their market structures, their nature of competition, their pricing and lastly their strategic decision making. The first part of the telecommunication industry is fixed landlines. The fixed landline in South Africa is Telkom. Telkom is seen as a pure monopolist business, because their market structure only exists of a single seller, which means the market for their goods and services is dominated by themselves. The demand for their goods and services in the entire markets is the demand for the firms individual output. In this case, Telkom is the firm supplying fixed landline services to all the consumers of South Africa. Telkom has no competitors or close substitutes, and is seen as the...
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...Industry Demand The demand and growth of the wireless communications industry over the last decade has been explosive. Due to the key determinants of the demand; demographics, technology, geography and government regulation; cell phones today are now a necessity rather than a luxury item. Demographics What once was a commodity for the elite, older and urban residents is now being used by people of low income, young children and residents in rural areas. Mobile phones have become such a necessity that people on welfare are eligible to receive a free phone with a limited amount of call minutes. Nowadays, it has become the social norm for young elementary school aged children to own a cell phone too. Parents want to be able to always reach their children in case of an emergency and vice versa. Also, due to the increased amount of cell phone network towers being built, even the rural areas are able to receive signal for service. Technology With technology evolving so rapidly, manufacturers are packing as much as they can into phones until they are identical to computers. Phones are now equipped with 5-8 megapixel cameras with a flash, secondary cameras on the front for videoconferencing, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, touch-screen LCDs, and faster processors with more advanced web browsers. (Shideed, 2010) The proliferation of smartphone applications and the overwhelming demand for increasingly efficient and convenient wireless communications has created business opportunities far and...
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...Competition in Telecommunications Services Experience has demonstrated that individuals can benefit from open competition by ensuring low prices, new and better products and services and expending consumer’s choice greater than what occurs under monopoly conditions. In an open market, producers compete to win consumers, by lowering the prices and developing new services that will best meet the needs of customers. A competitive market rewards the producers that are innovative; introduce new product and new production processes. By doing so the wealth of the society will increase, but in the competitive market may happen the opposite, there may be businesses that fail to understand consumer needs and they will face with decline in the number...
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...Major Field International Finance Advisor Sam Yu Date Janurary 2016 How Institutional Settings matter Tri-networks integration and IPTV Abstracts: This paper will first make a brief introduction on IPTV industry and its present status of development in China. The promotion of IPTV is affected not only by the technology and market demand, but also by the regulatory policy. Policy barriers caused by yield game between telecom operators and State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) about profit allocation hindered the development of IPTV. We use the Stackelberg model to analyze the yield game between telecom operators and SARFT. With deep integration between the industry, the traditional regulatory framework should also advance with the times, be replaced by a more flexible integration framework, so as to promote the development of IPTV and other integration of services. However, the pace of development is far below expectations in China. Many experts pointed out that there were few technical problems existing in IPTV, which leaves the main crux to its institutional settings. We will also discuss how institutional settings matter the industry, find out proper regulations to achieve sustainable economic growth by learning from the experiences in other countries. Finally we make the conclusion that in the phase of developing, lax control policy is more favorable for IPTV expanding. Key words: IPTV; telecom...
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...Abstract Liberty Telecommunication Enterprises, Inc. (LTE, Inc.) is a franchise business of 5LINX Enterprises, Inc. which is a direct marketer of telecommunications products which includes Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), wireless, satellite TV, local telephone services, broadband Internet, home security services and more. The company distributes its products and services through a network of dedicated Independent Marketing Representatives (IMR). I recently made an investment to join this organization as a marketing representative and I will start selling the various products and services offered by 5LINX. However, as an independent entrepreneur I will market my business under the name of Liberty Telecommunication Enterprises, Inc. Product Offerings & Primary Characteristics Service Component & Product Enhancement Liberty Telecommunication, Inc. offers a variety of services including mobile phone, security systems monitoring, high-speed internet, merchant processing services, satellite TV, ID guard, text alert, and merchant processing services. Product Lines: Breadth and Depth Business Changes in Response to Industry Changes Description Liberty Telecommunication Enterprises, Inc. (LTE, Inc.) was started in March 2012. This business was started out of my home in Virginia. I entered into an agreement with 5LINX Enterprises to sell telecommunication products and services to both businesses and individuals. These product and services...
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...The close rival of Telstra is SingTel-Optus, as of FY 2013. In spite of its dominating position in the Australian market, Telstra encountered a decreasing growth rate of 2.5% in its total assets. The decrease in total assets of the company can be primarily due to decrease in cash and cash equivalents that are brought by ‘borrowing repayments,’ more promotional activities, acquisition of increased inventory levels and ‘network expansion’ (Telstra 2013b, p. 19). Current and more liquid assets (readily available cash) are very important in sustaining and absorbing the costs that are inherent in building network infrastructures and telecommunication facilities. Moreover, intensive capital and investment are needed to successfully survive in the...
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...his valuable suggestions, guidance and encouragement, that I was able to perform this project work. We would also like to thank our colleagues, who often helped and gave us support at critical junctures during the completion of this project. * Contents Contents 3 1 Introduction 4 2 Stakeholders of Tri-State Telephone Company 5 2.1 Internal stakeholders of the Tri-State 5 2.2 The Tri-State external stakeholders 6 3 The key stakeholders of the Tri-State 7 4 The critical trends in Tri-State environment 8 5 Reasons for Tri-State customers become upset 9 6 What should John Godwin do? 10 7 Recommendations 11 8 References 12 * Introduction Tri-State Telephone is a telecommunications company that provided the telecommunications of the residents of three US States. Currently customers of Tri-State Company pay a monthly flat rate for the service they used. Now the management of Tri-State wants to change the pricing system from monthly flat rate to a new pricing system. However, the customers are not in a position to accept the new pricing system.Hence, they do not allow the company to launch the new pricing system. In this case, they begin to march in to protest against Tri-State Company with the help of consumer federation of America and congress of consumer organization. Stakeholders of Tri-State Telephone Company * Stakeholder means a party that has an interest towards the organization. There are mainly two types of...
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...Kolkata Email: debarun84@gmail.com ABSTRACT The present study is aimed to determine the customer satisfaction & expectation towards a telecommunication company in West Midnapore which is a district of West Bengal. A descriptive study was conducted to achieve the objectives. In total 250 respondents filled a well-structured questionnaire having a list of statements pertaining to products, services & facilities provided by the service provider. Results reveal that the dimensions which influence the satisfaction level of customer’s are: Core services (like good coverage, good connectivity and network quality) and call rate. Further results show that there is a significant relation between the brand name and the preference of customers. Hence, it has been recommended that telecom companies should focus on connectivity, call rate, coverage and network quality. Keywords: Customer Satisfaction & Expectation, Customer Preference, Product Quality, Value for Money, Analysis of Strengths & Weaknesses of the Product. INTRODUCTION The breathtaking growth of the telecommunication companies in India over the last twenty years has made a history. The economic resurgence affected in the early 1990s brought around a paradigm shift on the overall business scenario of India. With the arrival of private telecommunication companies in India, the industry observed introduction of mobile phones into the Indian market and it became extremely popular amongst the Indian masses. India's telecom...
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