...development of telecommunications has become, in recent years, a widely accepted part of orthodox thinking. Wellenius, Stern, Nulty and Stern (1989) illustrate the point. ‘How should privatization be defined?’ asks the International Finance Corporation (IFC, 1995). ‘A generous stance would admit any transfer of ownership or control from public to private sector. A more exacting definition would require that the transfer be enough to give the private operators substantive independent power.’ 1 Hence, by privatization is usually meant the transfer of state-owned assets to private sector ownership, management and control typified by the sale of part or all of the shares of a state owned (and operated) telecommunications enterprise (SOTE). We shall argue that the ‘more exacting definition’ is exactly appropriate for the experience of Western economies from which it originates - see below - while it is too narrow, too precise, insufficiently ‘generous’ to capture the less clearly defined lines of demarcation between public and private capital in the context of Asian telecommunications. We shall argue that this is because the delineation between state (political society) and civil society is less well developed in Asia, certainly less well articulated in law, and unevenly developed even within single large Asian countries. Rather, we shall use privatization as a broader concept to refer to the process through which private capital is brought into the public switched telecommunications network...
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...Abstract Liberty Telecommunication Enterprises, Inc. (LTE, Inc.) is a franchise business of 5LINX Enterprises, Inc. which is a direct marketer of telecommunications products which includes Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), wireless, satellite TV, local telephone services, broadband Internet, home security services and more. The company distributes its products and services through a network of dedicated Independent Marketing Representatives (IMR). I recently made an investment to join this organization as a marketing representative and I will start selling the various products and services offered by 5LINX. However, as an independent entrepreneur I will market my business under the name of Liberty Telecommunication Enterprises, Inc. Product Offerings & Primary Characteristics Service Component & Product Enhancement Liberty Telecommunication, Inc. offers a variety of services including mobile phone, security systems monitoring, high-speed internet, merchant processing services, satellite TV, ID guard, text alert, and merchant processing services. Product Lines: Breadth and Depth Business Changes in Response to Industry Changes Description Liberty Telecommunication Enterprises, Inc. (LTE, Inc.) was started in March 2012. This business was started out of my home in Virginia. I entered into an agreement with 5LINX Enterprises to sell telecommunication products and services to both businesses and individuals. These product and services...
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...Orange Telecom Background Orange is the key brand of France Telecom, one of the world's leading telecommunications operators. With more than 131 million customers, the Orange brand covers internet, television and mobile services in the majority of countries where the Group operates. At the end of 2009, France Telecom had sales of 44.8 billion euros (33.7 billion euros for the first nine months of 2010). At 30 September 2010, the Group had a total customer base of 203 million customers in 32 countries. These include 144.5 million mobile customers and 13.3 million broadband internet customers worldwide. Orange is one of the main European operators for mobile and broadband internet services and, under the brand Orange Business Services, is one of the world leaders in providing telecommunication services to multinational companies. The brand was created when Hutchinson Telecom acquired a controlling stake in Microtel Communications Ltd during the early-1990s and rebranded it Orange. It became a subsidiary of Mannesmann in 1999 and was acquired by France Telecom in 2000. With its industrial project, "conquests 2015", Orange is simultaneously addressing its employees, customers and shareholders, as well as the society in which the company operates, through a concrete set of action plans. These commitments are expressed through a new vision of human resources for employees; through the deployment of a network infrastructure upon which the Group will build its future growth; through...
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...World Bank and APEC. He was part of the OECD’s regulatory reform team that visited a range of countries to advise on regulatory reform in major industrialised and emergent economies. He has undertaken work in Hong Kong and in a range of developing countries, including Lao PDR, Romania, Armenia, Vietnam, Pakistan, Pacific Islands, Thailand, Bhutan and China. He can be contacted at: poxavier@gmail.com Disclaimer. The views in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the ACMA. © BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS AND CUSTOMER COMPLAINTS IN COMMUNICATION MARKETS Executive summary 4 1. INTRODUCTION 10 1.1 Purpose of this report 10 1.2 Customer complaints in the telecommunications sector 11 1.3 Structure of report 16 2. INSIGHTS FROM BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS 17 2.1 Behavioural economics and behavioural ‘bias’ 17 2.2 Some criticisms of behavioural economics 23 2.3 Policy and regulatory implications of behavioural economics 24 3. DEMAND SIDE FOCUS 28 3.1 Information and consumer empowerment 28 3.2...
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...World Dialogue on Regulation for Network Economies Regulation and Investment: Case study of Bangladesh Harsha de Silva[1] and Abu Saeed Khan[2] August 2004 Abstract The paper considers the available evidence in determining a relationship, if any, in the Telecom Regulatory Environment [TRE] of Bangladesh and investments in to its telecommunications industry over the last decade. TRE is segmented in to market entry, access to scarce resources, interconnection, tariff regulation and regulation of anti-competitive practices while investments are all non-divestiture foreign and domestic private and public investment. The TRE in Bangladesh is found to be wanting in all defined aspects. Interconnection is the worst of the five components, where a mobile only parallel network is being created due to regulatory ineffectiveness where almost ninety percent of mobile users do not have access to a fixed phone. Investments in to the fixed sector in Bangladesh dominated by the state owned virtual monopoly have been sorely inadequate and continue to be dictated by the funds availability [or lack thereof] of the Government. The mobile sector on the other hand has seen some amount of investments flowing in led by the widely acclaimed GrameenPhone. However, once standardized to compare across the region, it is found, even though using imperfect data to compare, that the reason for this flow could...
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...A STRATEGIC BUSINESS PLAN FOR CHINA TELECOM Prepared June 11, 2008 for Dr. Kevin Qing Hua Dong Lu 17, Hai Dian District, Bei Jing, China, 100237 Dr. Kevin Basic idea: Making a great profit after the new company set up and also have a forecast for our company; this plan is a program for doing this in CAU, China. Prepared by Wu Lei Alexander 0614810342 Wang Yang Ocean 0614810221 Liu xiao tian 0614810193 Deng Yu ning Jill 0614810292 Phone number: 010-8345287 010-8345288 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The method we used to analyze the new china telecom is much traditional method. We will use SWOT and PEST to show the most important information about the company. This has made planning easier and more profitable. 1. Our situation Our company is combined with old CHINA TELECOM and CHINA NETCOM’s CDMA net system. It has another two companies in china will have the right to get the license for 3G service. Market opportunities - We have the most telephone customer (not mobile phone customer) and CDMA net system have the advantage for upgrade 3G system. 2.Weapon resources Our advantageous positions are tow main parts; One is we have we new kind of high-technology that is differ from the old kind of the 3G net service And the technology is our patented product .The orther is our high quality service,we deeply believe that the customer is the god and their require...
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...OI Telecom Oi’s profile of activites covers a broad range of communications products. The company offers fixed and mobile telephony as well as internet services (ISP and broadband) to private and corporate clients including other telecoms companies in Brazil. The balance shows a high percentage of cash flow generation through their wireline operations and a smaller percentage of the high-growth services mobile and broadband[1]. Brazil’s telecom market changed rapidly after the privatisation of state owned companies in the late 90’s last century. Today approximately 300 Internet Service Provider compete in the brazilian internet market. Although the first broadband connections were established in 1999, fast internet access is still largely limited to major cities. However, as shown in table 1 the internet market is fast growing with 65% rising in 2005 and 41% in 2006 to 36 million internet subscribers in the end of 2007. It is the world seventh largest internet market and it is estimated to grow further in the next years. [pic] Table 1: Brazil Telecoms Sector - Internet The fixed-line market in Brazil is still dominated by the former state owned operating companies Oi (former Tele Norte Leste) and Telesp. Together these companies run more than 94% of the fixed-lines in Brazil. Oi has had the concession to provide wireline services in 9 states, which as shown in figure 1 form region II. With the state allowance in 2003 every company could operate in each other’s concession...
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...| | Telecommunications in Sudan PREPAID BY: DAOUD ADAM CEO, GREENWAY COMM. PHILADELPHIA USA Revolutionary advances in information and communications technologies (ICT) are transforming the world economy and presenting new challenges to all countries. The challenges are to compete effectively in an emerging information-based economy in which computing and communications play a central role, as well as to take full advantage of the enormous potential of information and communications in advancing all aspects of economic, social and cultural life. Sudan is no exception. The Sudanese government has emphasized that economic reform is inseparable from social reform and that the highest priorities for the coming development phase are the reduction of unemployment, the growth of exports and the modernization of education. Realizing how a strong communications and information technology sector would contribute to high and sustainable economic growth for the Sudanese economy, the government is adopting the development of information and communications technology as a national priority. The formation of the new Ministry of Communications & Information Technology (MCIT) in October 1996 marked a new era for Sudan’s telecommunications and information technology sector characterized by a new regulatory framework and a more liberalized market. A new National ICT Plan has...
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...India is the world’s second-largest telecommunications market, with 898 million subscribers as on March 2013. The sector's revenue grew by 13.4 per cent to reach US$ 64.1 billion in FY12. The Indian mobile phone market is highly competitive with more than 150 device manufacturers trying to attract the consumers with their schemes and offers. Most of these producers focus their efforts on the low-cost feature phone market, which constitutes over 91 per cent of overall mobile phone sales, offering a huge scope for growth. The GSM incumbents—Bharti Airtel, Vodafone and Idea Cellular—have jointly crossed 70 per cent in revenue market share and had a 99.6 per cent share of the incremental revenues during the June 2013 quarter, as per the latest figures released by TRAI. The Government of India's decision to allow 100 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) in telecommunication sector will enable foreign telecommunication companies to buy out their Indian partners. At present, India permits up to 74 per cent FDI in the sector - 49 per cent through the automatic route and the rest after Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) approval. The Government has recently given its nod to 74 per cent of FDI in DTH, IPTV, and mobile TV Mobile tariffs in India are the second lowest in the world after Bangladesh. The share of telecom services (excluding postal and miscellaneous services), as a percentage of the total GDP of the country, has increased from 0.96 in 2000–01 to 3.78 in 2009–10...
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...his valuable suggestions, guidance and encouragement, that I was able to perform this project work. We would also like to thank our colleagues, who often helped and gave us support at critical junctures during the completion of this project. * Contents Contents 3 1 Introduction 4 2 Stakeholders of Tri-State Telephone Company 5 2.1 Internal stakeholders of the Tri-State 5 2.2 The Tri-State external stakeholders 6 3 The key stakeholders of the Tri-State 7 4 The critical trends in Tri-State environment 8 5 Reasons for Tri-State customers become upset 9 6 What should John Godwin do? 10 7 Recommendations 11 8 References 12 * Introduction Tri-State Telephone is a telecommunications company that provided the telecommunications of the residents of three US States. Currently customers of Tri-State Company pay a monthly flat rate for the service they used. Now the management of Tri-State wants to change the pricing system from monthly flat rate to a new pricing system. However, the customers are not in a position to accept the new pricing system.Hence, they do not allow the company to launch the new pricing system. In this case, they begin to march in to protest against Tri-State Company with the help of consumer federation of America and congress of consumer organization. Stakeholders of Tri-State Telephone Company * Stakeholder means a party that has an interest towards the organization. There are mainly two types of...
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...Telecommunications Tyson Gant ITT Technical Institute 1: Describe a local land line phone system based on the following Landline Telephone Components: a) Local loop is the physical link or circuit that connects from the demarcation point of the customer premises to the edge of the common carrier or telecommunications service provider's network. b) Central office is an office in a locality to which subscriber home and business lines are connected on what is called a local loop. c) The central office has switching equipment that can switch calls locally or to long-distance carrier phone offices. d) A local system is a central system of switches and other equipment that establishes connections between individual telephones. Also called switchboard. e) POP is a physical location, either part of the facilities of a telecommunications provider that the ISP rents or a separate location from the telecommunications provider, that houses servers, routers, ATM switches and digital/analog call aggregators. f) Long distance system is a system that provides connections between local exchanges in different geographic areas. g) Fixed lines are lines used for denoting or relating to telecommunications systems using cables laid across land, as opposed to cellular radio systems. 2: Define and describe the following Telecommunications Network Components: a. Cellular Telephones: a. The Network Voice Protocol (NVP) was a pioneering computer network...
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...Canadian Economic History Final How Institutional Settings matter Tri-networks integration and IPTV Student ID No. 1310511012 Student Name Zhang Qiyue (Emily) School Suzhou University Major Field International Finance Advisor Sam Yu Date Janurary 2016 How Institutional Settings matter Tri-networks integration and IPTV Abstracts: This paper will first make a brief introduction on IPTV industry and its present status of development in China. The promotion of IPTV is affected not only by the technology and market demand, but also by the regulatory policy. Policy barriers caused by yield game between telecom operators and State Administration of Radio, Film and Television (SARFT) about profit allocation hindered the development of IPTV. We use the Stackelberg model to analyze the yield game between telecom operators and SARFT. With deep integration between the industry, the traditional regulatory framework should also advance with the times, be replaced by a more flexible integration framework, so as to promote the development of IPTV and other integration of services. However, the pace of development is far below expectations in China. Many experts pointed out that there were few technical problems existing in IPTV, which leaves the main crux to its institutional settings. We will also discuss how institutional settings matter the industry, find out proper...
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...Unit 2 Assignment 1 Blank Answer Sheet Name: Date: Electronics ET2530 Chapter 2 (pp. 111-113) 2. A 1500 kHz carrier and a 2 kHz intelligence signal are combined in a non-linear device. List all the frequency components produced. - 1498, 1500, and 1520KHz 3.If a carrier is amplitude modulated what causes the sideband frequencies? - The non-linear mixing of the carrier and intelligence frequencies. 4.What determines the bandwidth of emission for an AM transmission? - It is twice the frequency of the highest audio frequency transmitted. The upper sideband is fc +FM where fc is the carrier frequency and FM is the modulation (audio) frequency .The lower sideband is fc – FM. The total bandwidth is 2*FM 5.Explain the difference between a sideband and a side frequency. - A sideband carries the modulation or "information". in old fashioned AM and FM transmission schemes, a carrier is broadcast in addition to the sideband(s). Only the sideband is needed to communicate. A spurious frequency that happens when a carrier is transmitted has no added "information" and just adds to the transmission bandwidth. Sometimes these occur by intermixing within the transmitter. a common example is CB splatter from overdrive of RF amps. 9.Draw a diagram (or indicate which text book Figure # shows this) of a carrier wave envelope when modulated by 50% by a sinusoidal wave. Indicate on the diagram the dimension from which the percentage of modulation is determined. ...
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...Copper vs Fiber These two forms of cabling are mostly used in the world today and it is up to the location to decide which cable is best. They both have their strengths and weakness; I am going to shed some light on these two cables. Copper gives you the ability to power phones, surveillance cameras, Wireless Access Points, and many other devices right through the networking cable, meaning that you don’t have to schedule an appointment with an electrician in to run power to your surveillance cameras to power them. To make it better copper is cheap, flexible and easy to run, most computer currently has a copper NIC in it. Category 6A Cable is classified by the Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) to handle a bandwidth up to 600 MHz over 100 meters, which possibly, could carry around 18,000 calls at the same time. The maximum allowed industry standard of attenuation for Category 6A cable over 100 meters at 100 MHz is 20.9 dB which is a 94% loss in signal strength. Fiber provides far greater bandwidth than copper and has standardized performance up to 10 Gbps, the fiber optic signal is made of light, very little signal loss occurs during transmission, and data can move at higher speeds and greater distances. Fiber distances can range from 300 meters (984.2 ft.) to 40 kilometers (24.8 mi.), depending on the style of cable, wavelength, and network. All data is safe with fiber cable, because it doesn’t radiate signals and is extremely difficult to tap, if the cable...
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...Peter Vallejo Intro to Telecommunications September 30, 2015 Chapter 2 Amplitude Modulation: Transmission 1. A 1500-kHz carrier and 2-kHz intelligence signal are combined in a nonlinear device. List all the frequency components produced. 1498, 1500 and 1520kHz 2. If a 1500-kHz radio wave is modulated by a 2-kHz sine-wave tone, what frequencies are contained in the modulated wave (the actual AM signal)? 3. If a carrier is amplitude-modulated, what causes the sideband frequencies? The non-linear mixing of the carrier and intelligence frequencies. 4. What determines the bandwidth of emission for an AM transmission? It is twice the frequency of the highest audio frequency transmitted. The upper sideband is fc +FM where fc is the carrier frequency and FM is the modulation (audio) frequency. The lower sideband is fc-FM. The total band 10. What are some of the possible results of overmodulation? 19. Why is a high percentage of modulation desirable? 20. During 100 percent modulation, what percentage of the average output power is in the sidebands? (33.3%) 23. Describe two possible ways that a transistor can be used to generate an AM signal. 24. What is low-level modulation? 25. What is high-level modulation? 27. Why must some radio-frequency amplifiers be neutralized? 29. Define parasitic oscillation. Higher frequency self-oscillations in RF amplifiers. 30. How does self-oscillation occur? 32. What is the principal advantage of a class C amplifier? 35....
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