...History of the Telephone - The earliest telephones were basically pipes that transmitted sound. This idea originated from China. (4) - Next were the two diaphragms with a string or wire connected them in the middle. (4) - In 1809 Samuel Thomas von Soemmering constructed his electrochemical telegraph. (4) - Baron Schilling created an electromagnetic telegraph in 1832.4 - Then in 1837, the electrical telegraph was invented by Samuel Morse. (4) - French inventor Charles Bourseul proposed a technique for transmitting sound waves into electrical signals. (1) - Italian American inventor Antonio Meucci in 1857 invented an acoustic communication device that could transmit speech, but not very clearly. (2) - In 1860 Johann Philip Reis invented an instrument that could transmit musical tones, but not speech. (1) - Then in 1875 Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. (4) - Bell transmitted speech to Mr. Watson for the very first time in 1871 using liquid transmitters and electromagnetic receivers. (4) - In 1877 Bell got his patent for the electromagnetic telephone using permanent magnets, iron diaphragms, and a call bell. (4) - Thomas Edison then improved the telephone by using carbon granules transmitters and the in 1892 he made them into carbon graphite transmitters. (4) - 1878 the switchboards were created and there were no more direct lines. (5) - 1879 people were designated by numbers and not their names. (5) - 1880s long-distance calling (5) - 1891...
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...BT Telephone Case 1. What are the issues that evolve as a result of privatization? * Introduction of domestic competition – refocusing of activities * Reforms prepared BT for 3 main challenges: * Regulatory barriers to international competition expected to breakdown * Companies internationalized, they might prefer to deal with single worldwide telecommunications service companies. Tailored less neatly to specifically defined geographic areas * Increased international competition and growing costs of technology = increased concentration of the market 2. What are some of the marketing implications of the technical advances? * Telephone service company can use telephone services best to its advantages * Makes selling easier, bound less by face-to-face interactions * Consolidation of information/profiling customers 3. How were they segmented before the reorganization? * Geographical structure, 31 regions consolidated to 5 regions * 3 customer centered divisions: * Business Communications * Personal Communications * Special Businesses (including mobile and operator services) 4. How are they now segmenting the market? * Based on the amount of lines that were assigned to each company * National, regional accounts, medium sized, small, very small * Medium: 6-15 lines, VSB: 1 line, National: 15+ lines 5. What benefit is TAM to the customers? Telephone Account Management * Rather...
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...22 July 2009 The Modern Telephone In today’s society, instant communication seems to be the norm. I’ve had a cellular phone for the past fifteen years, and cannot see myself without one in the future. It is almost like I cannot live without one. I, like a lot of other people, have chosen not to have a regular land line telephone in my home, simply because I can be reached at home or away on my cellular phone. Everyone seems to have cellular phones, even though there seem to be drawbacks to this service. Most people today are very familiar with the phrase, “Can you hear me now?” That’s because cellular phones have become the one thing you cannot live without. They have become a lifeline to the rest of the world. One quick notice of people around you and you’ll see that almost everyone sixteen years and older have one of these small but powerful communication tools. These small but powerful phones cover many different ways of communication, from a regular phone conversation to texting, even emailing. Some even include direct connect walkie-talkie communication. They also provide a way to call 911 in case of accident or emergencies of any kind. There are some drawbacks to all this technology. One is what people are doing to the use of the English language while texting. There are new acronyms created almost daily, and the use of slang is common place. Another is manners. Technological advances in communication, has brought the creation of new rules of etiquette for the...
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...Telephone Messages Communication is a very important aspect of our day today activities.The most widely used type of voice commmunication is the use of telephones.The use of telephones in communication is effective,efficient and reliable.It is from this aspect of telephone wide range of usage that we have the use of telephone messages. Telephones are the most widely used communication asset in organizations and other institutions.They are also widely used at home. People have different intentions of leaving a telephone message or messages.This entirely depends on the caller. The number one reason as to why people leave telephone messages include: 1.When the receiver is not around.This might be because he/she is not in the office or at home.The caller leaves a message. The one intended to be called we'll get the messages afted he/she arrives from whatever place he/she had gone. 2.When he/she is on another line.This will force the caller to call later or leave a message. 3.A telephone message can also be left when the person being called is unreachable at that particular time. When taking a telephone message ,the caller should provide his/her name and phone number.He/she is required to leave a specific message that would be delivered to however he was looking for. When leaving a telephone message,you should provide your phone number and your full names.You have to go ahead and give the reason as to why you are calling and whether you will return the call or not. The most...
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...Week 2 / Individual Assignment Week 2 / Individual Assignment The system used for this paper is one from a previous employer. The system is a ROLM 9751 private branch exchange (PBX) with automatic call distribution (ACD). A major bank uses this system for the Mortgage Banking. Approximately 200 - 500 employees used the system at each site. One aspect of the system is the automatic call distribution group (ACD). An ACD creates a system for the customer service group to take incoming calls. The system also had some unique phone features not available in other systems. The Rolm system also had two T1 trunks, and a tie line trunk group for internal calls from site to site. This system is state of the art, at the time of installation. The downside is the telecommunications group prefers Nortel, so support is not easy. Even though the system is not well supported by telecommunications, the system is a good system because redundancy and integrated ACD. Automatic Call Distribution System An ACD is defined as a computerized phone system that can evenly distribute call to agents [ (ACD Definition from PC Magazine Encyclopedia, 2010) ]. The calls come into the center and hear music until a representative is available or go directly to an available representative. At the time, most ACD systems were not a part of the PBX. They were separate units that are attached to the PBX system. This process worked well most of the time, but the ongoing success rate was not as high...
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...Keeping Conversation Flowing Some conversations refuse to flow. Often, this is a result of a clash of the conversational styles of the two people involved. One may be all enthusiasm and sympathy; the other may be quiter and more private. As a result, the other backs off. Another problem is when someone is not interested enough in the other person. A. Improving Your Style Good conversation requires diplomacy and tact. It is give and take. Avoid the following conversation killers: 1. Talking too much. 2. Talking too little. 3. Interrupting. 4. Too much personal disclosure. 5. Going into too much detail. 6. Constantly bringing the conversation back to you. The conversation of most people is all "I", "myself" and "me". Don't fall into this trap. 7. Trying to be funny all the time. 8. Imitating the other person's accent. 9. Being too critical. Being Too Critical Some people are hopeless perfectionists. The standards they demand of life are impossibly high. As a result, most things fall short of their standard and friends stay away from them. Little can be gained from being critical unless: 1. You are criticizing something that can actually be changed. 2. You offer an alternative to the thing you are criticizing. 3. You are specific and clear about what you are criticizing and why. 4. You let others know that what you are saying is only your opinion. 5. You balance your criticism with...
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...Research Highlights July 2009 Global Cordless Phone Market Global cordless phone market declines in 2008, but DECT continues to grow share accounting for more than 60% of total sales Having shown consistent yearly growth over recent years, the total global consumer cordless phone market declined last year. Growing market saturation in more developed markets, continued competition from mobile services and the global economic downturn impacted consumer spending in this area. Total base station sales fell by 11% to 105 million units and total handset sales declined by 13% to 159 million units. WORLD Consum er Cordless Telephony Total Market - Base Units v Handsets, Millions 177 183 159 ► The total handsets m arket declined by 13% from 183 m illion handsets in 2007 to 159 m illion in 2008 ► The ratio of base units to handsets w as 1.5 122 118 105 2006 2007 Handsets 2008 Base Units DECT technology continued to dominate the market and increased its share of total base unit sales from 49% in 2007 to 61% in 2008. The market for 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz other digital technologies more than halved impacted by the fact that in many territories vendors are focussing more on DECT than these technologies. Analogue volumes also declined but at a much slower rate as these cost effective models still attract a large volume of customers in many world regions. The greatest decline in volume was seen in North America where, despite strong growth in DECT volumes...
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...and Livelihood Education II I. INTRODUCTION: Early telephones were technically diverse. Some used a liquid transmitter, some had a metal diaphragm that induced current in an electromagnet wound around a permanent magnet, and some were "dynamic" - their diaphragm vibrated a coil of wire in the field of a permanent magnet or the coil vibrated the diaphragm. The dynamic kind survived in small numbers through the 20th century in military and maritime applications where its ability to create its own electrical power was crucial. The Edison patents kept the Bell monopoly viable into the 20th century, by which time the network was more important than the instrument. Early telephones were locally powered, using either a dynamic transmitter or by the powering of a transmitter with a local battery. One of the jobs of outside plant personnel was to visit each telephone periodically to inspect the battery. During the 20th century, "common battery" operation came to dominate, powered by "talk battery" from the telephone exchange over the same wires that carried the voice signals. By the end of 2009, there were a total of nearly 6 billion mobile and fixed-line subscribers worldwide. This included 1.26 billion fixed-line subscribers and 4.6 billion mobile subscribers. In some countries, many telephone operating companies (commonly abbreviated to telco in American English) are in competition to provide telephone services. The above Main article lists only facilities based providers...
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...Journal 1: Answering the Telephone For this project I surveyed and researched the “Telephone Response Violation.” By doing so I would answer my phone and not say a word then I would jot down my observations of the other persons response. However, before I started my violation survey I was really quite worried. It doesn’t matter if you’re in China or America; it’s an impolite behavior to not answer or greet when someone phones you. Perhaps the person calling me might think I accidently hit the wrong button or something, which would potentially lead to them hanging up and redialing me again. I assume if I don’t answer within 5 seconds the person calling me would just hang-up and try again or try text messaging me. The past few days that I have been attempting the survey has been a bit difficult for me because I am use to always answering with “hello.” However, I made a concerted effort and achieved good results for this project. My friend, Savina, and I were planning on hanging out Thursday afternoon. I waited for her to pick me up at the CRCC business building. She called me when she arrived, and I answered her phone call, but didn’t say a word. This (non-conversation) silence lasted for 23 seconds and then she asked “hello Caroline, are you there?” I did not expect this patient reaction from her. After we met, I asked her why she waited on the phone for a whole 23 seconds instead of saying something immediately. Her response to why she didn’t say something sooner and instead...
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...Telephone calls from patients seeking a nurse's advice have increased. Accordingly, nursing informatics must include and address the issue of providing telephone consultations to patients, whether one is a nurse on-call or a triage nurse. Nurses must also be certain that any person they are responsible for supervising understands how to address telephone consultations as well (Buppert, C., 2008). Telephone consultations can be beneficial in that minor illnesses can be addressed without an office visit, recurring problems can be addressed without an office visit and the cost of an office visit is reduced (Medical Insurance Exchange of California (MIEC), 2008). Despite the benefits, telephone consultations can also create liability risks. In many ways they pose a higher level of risk than in-person consultations because there are certain observations that cannot be made over the telephone and a first-hand examination is not being completed (Sosin, 2006). The nurse must use their best judgment in evaluating the patients statements. Depending on the position of the nurse, there are several ways that a patient telephone call can be handled. The nurse can refer the patient to their treating health care provider, refer the patient to the facility call center or “try to gather enough information to give the patient sound professional advice”(Austin, 2008, p. 6). If the nurse decides to address the patient's issue themselves, they should make sure that they are not “exceeding...
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...switched telephone network The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is one of the world's public circuit-switched telephone networks. Originally PSTN is a network of fixed-line analogue telephone systems. Today, the PSTN is totally digital in its core and also includes mobile along with fixed (plain old telephone service, POTS) telephones. Early History The first telephones were in private use, had no network and were wired together in pairs. If a user wanted to talk to different people, he had as many telephones as necessary for that purpose. A user who wished to speak whistled into the transmitter till the other party heard him. Soon, a bell was added for giving signal, and then a switch hook was also added, and telephones took advantage of the exchange principle that was already implemented in telegraph networks. Each telephone was connected through wires to a local telephone exchange, and the exchanges were connected together with trunks. Networks were connected together in a hierarchical manner till they spanned to cities, countries, continents and oceans. This was the beginning of the PSTN, the term PSTN was not known for many decades. Pulse dialling between the phone and the exchange was introduced through Automation, and then among exchanges, followed by more sophisticated address signalling including the multi-frequency. Digital Channel Although this network was made by using analogue voice connections through manual switchboards, then automated telephone exchanges...
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...Analysis of Case 6: Considerations for Voice Over IP Telephony Discussion Questions 1. Should the vice president’s approach put greater stress on the need to replace an obsolete system (risk mitigation) or on the desirability of improving the organization’s ability to implement new applications (enable new opportunities) 2. How should he engage the organization in learning about the potential of VoIP and developing plans for potential uses of the technology? 3. If a result of this learning is a belief that the VoIP technology is not fully mature, how should Forest assess whether it should proceed or not? Overview The vice president of support services will need to take a systematic approach in dealing with the issue at hand: 1) Assemble a committee of stakeholders and experts 2) Identify vendors of both VoIP and old supported systems that offer products that generally meet the standards and requirements of the organization 3) Send out RFPs to identified vendors 4) Conduct a formal financial analysis with a scoring system that offers a fair valuation of either system in order to identify the preferred system that is aligned with Forest’s overall plans and strategies 5) Present the preferred choice to the executive with clear reasons why he thinks it is the preferred choice Proposed Detailed Action Plan Budget considerations According to Wickham, Wager and Glaser (2009), there are four classes of investment that reflect in an organization’s budgetary allocation...
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...Telephone: connecting Introduction This section features phrases you might hear when you telephone a company hoping to talk to someone. Think Imagine you are calling a company and want to speak to someone who works there. Can you think of any phrases you might use, or that you might hear? After you've thought of five, click here for some more ideas. Listen Now listen to two conversations. In the first conversation Richard Davies is calling the marketing department of a company and wants to be put through to Rosalind Wilson. In the second conversation Mike Andrews wants to talk to Jason Roberts in the marketing department. As you listen, see if you can hear some of the phrases above. Telephone: connecting Check understanding Check your understanding by reading the scripts below: Michelle: | Hello, you've reached the marketing department. How can I help? | Male: | Yes can I speak to Rosalind Wilson, please? | Michelle: | Who’s calling please? | Male: | It’s Richard Davies here | Michelle: | Certainly. Please hold and I’ll put you through. | Male: | Thank you. | | Michelle: | Hello, marketing. How can I help? | Male: | Could I speak to Jason Roberts please? | Michelle: | Certainly. Who shall I say is calling? | Male: | My name’s Mike Andrews. | Michelle: | Just a second - I’ll see if he’s in. Hello, Jason, I’ve got Mike Andrews on the phone for you ... OK - I’ll put him through. Hang on a moment, I’m just putting you through. | Telephone...
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...The Telephone, the Device that Changed the Way We Communicate The Telephone, the Device that Changed the Way We Communicate Voice communication is the most commonly used way of expressing our wants, needs and thoughts. The telephone changed the way we communicate. It has been allowing people to talk in almost real time without seeing each other since its development in 1876. Until then, mail and the telegraph was the normal and only means to talk across the country. Although it was effective, those methods were all silent. Now with the telephone, you could truly convey your feelings to someone in a personal way. The other end could hear the happiness, the sadness, or the anger in your voice. Can you imagine life today without it? The telephone, which means far speaking in Greek, was developed in 1784. For years many people were working to bring this concept into reality. In March 10, 1876 a functioning model was completed by Alexander Graham Bell. “Mr. Watson, come here, I want you!” (Casson, p.12) were the first words spoken by Bell to his assistant, Thomas A. Watson. Finally, after many years of working on a way to transmit the voice over wires, Bell was successful with his design and protection of his product. He even had the foresight to have the patent paper work already done days before his invention was working. The next task would be getting people to use the telephone. When the telephone was invented it wasn’t very popular. In fact people didn’t...
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... We would also like to thank our colleagues, who often helped and gave us support at critical junctures during the completion of this project. * Contents Contents 3 1 Introduction 4 2 Stakeholders of Tri-State Telephone Company 5 2.1 Internal stakeholders of the Tri-State 5 2.2 The Tri-State external stakeholders 6 3 The key stakeholders of the Tri-State 7 4 The critical trends in Tri-State environment 8 5 Reasons for Tri-State customers become upset 9 6 What should John Godwin do? 10 7 Recommendations 11 8 References 12 * Introduction Tri-State Telephone is a telecommunications company that provided the telecommunications of the residents of three US States. Currently customers of Tri-State Company pay a monthly flat rate for the service they used. Now the management of Tri-State wants to change the pricing system from monthly flat rate to a new pricing system. However, the customers are not in a position to accept the new pricing system.Hence, they do not allow the company to launch the new pricing system. In this case, they begin to march in to protest against Tri-State Company with the help of consumer federation of America and congress of consumer organization. Stakeholders of Tri-State Telephone Company * Stakeholder means a party that has an interest towards the organization. There are mainly two types of...
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