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Telus

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Part 3
Fundamentals of
Financial
Institutions

Chapter 7
Why Do
Financial
Institutions
Exist?

Chapter Preview
A vibrant economy requires a financial system that moves funds from savers to borrowers.
But how does it ensure that your hard-earned dollars are used by those with the best productive investment opportunities?

Copyright ©2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

7-3

Chapter Preview
In this chapter, we take a closer look at why financial institutions exist and how they promote economic efficiency. Topics include:
•Basic Facts About Financial Structure
Throughout the World
•Transaction Costs
•Asymmetric Information: Adverse Selection and Moral Hazard

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7-4

Chapter Preview (cont.)
• The Lemons Problem: How Adverse
Selection Influences Financial Structure
• How Moral Hazard Affects the Choice
Between Debt and Equity Contracts
• How Moral Hazard Influences Financial
Structure in Debt Markets
• Conflicts of Interest

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7-5

Basic Facts About Financial
Structure Throughout the World
• The financial system is a complex structure including many different financial institutions: banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, stock and bonds markets, etc.

Copyright ©2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

7-6

Basic Facts About Financial
Structure Throughout the World
• The chart on the next slide shows how nonfinancial business attain external funding in the U.S., Germany, Japan, and Canada.
Notice that, although many aspects of these countries are quite different, the sources of financing are somewhat consistent, with the
U.S. being different in its focus on debt.

Copyright ©2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

7-7

Sources of Foreign
External Finance
Figure 7.1 Sources of External Funds for Nonfinancial

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