...a Child’s Temperament Temperament is a set of in-born traits that organize the approach of a child to different situations in life and governs the personality of the individual. Temperaments appear quite stable from birth and are characteristics that are neither good nor bad but how the child receives them determines whether the child perceives them as such. It is very important that parents and caregivers understand the temperament of a child so that they may devise a way to manage the traits of the child and avoid blaming themselves or the child for natural occurrences which they have no control. This knowledge may also be important for parents to understand how their children may respond to certain situations or anticipate activities that may pose great difficulties for their children to handle, thus the ability to design a method of assisting the child who attempt those activities. It is worth noting that early development may determine the future personality of an individual although it may not be necessarily the main determinant. Thomas and Chess first brought about the theory of temperament by identifying nine traits which have so far been classified to form three groups of temperament which are: difficult to easy, slow to warm, or cautious (Oliver, 2002). This research paper aims to explore the different factors that influence the development of temperaments in a child. Carrie 2 It is known that at some time in the development of a child, temperament stabilizes...
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...they like children to behave (Eddowes, Aldridge, & Culpepper, 1994). Early childhood professionals also play a critical role in helping children accept themselves as unique (Aldridge, 1993). While students preparing to work with young children learn about cognitive, physical, social, and emotional development, they often neglect to study personality development (Aldridge & Cowles, 1990). The study of personality is important because a child's temperament influences the teacher more than the child's intelligence (Lerner & Lerner, 1986). In fact, teachers often give grades and implement classroom management strategies based upon specific children's temperaments (Pullis & Cadwell, 1982). Temperament is the part of the personality with which each child is born. According to Chess and Thomas (1987) temperament refers to individual differences in physiological responsiveness. It includes the characteristic way that an individual responds emotionally to people and objects. Chess and Thomas (1977) found nine temperament categories which they believed were present at birth. These categories include the following: Activity Level. Does the child display mostly active or inactive stress? Rhythm city or Regularity. Is the child predictable or unpredictable regarding sleeping, eating, and elimination patterns? Approach-Withdrawal. Does the child react or respond positively or negatively to a newly encountered situation? Adaptability. Does the child adjust to unfamiliar circumstances...
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...the influence of the environment. To tease out these different strands and estimate their relative power, behavioral geneticists use twin studies, comparing identical twins who share all their genes and fraternal twins who share about half their genes. The genetic influence on a characteristic such as intelligence, temperament, personality, cognitive style, or psychophysiology is greater when the trait is more similar in identical twins than in fraternal twins. Researchers also study adopted children to see if they are more like their biological parents with whom they share genes or their adoptive parents with whom they share the environment. These studies, which are becoming increasingly analytical and sophisticated, show that antisocial behavior is moderately heritable (Moffitt, 2005), especially antisocial behavior that begins early in life. In addition, scientists have discovered that some genes interact with a particular environment to actually produce a disorder (Rutter, 2006); some genes are expressed or turned on (or not) because of physical, social, and cultural factors in the environment; and some genes—for example, those that influence difficult temperament, impulsivity, novelty seeking, and lack of...
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...think of myself and my leadership styles the words that come to mind are” leads by example.” There may be many different perspectives when it comes to describing my leadership depending on whom you ask however being “the example” is what I pride myself on. Reflecting on what we have learned in class so far; I have begun to evaluate my leadership style with a new set of eyes. Knowing my color temperament (orange) has helped me realize why I see things a certain way and has clarified some of the perspectives of other temperaments I have worked with. My troops would probably describe me as an assertive NCO, someone who leads by example, loyal, holds high standards, technical expert, role model, caring and very detailed. My followership is an easy topic to cover. I like to get the job done regardless how much work or time the task requires. My supervisor gives minimal to no feedback (mainly positive) so I evaluate my followership as competent, creative, supportive, forward thinking, multi-tasked, and diligent. When I think about our lessons and my everyday leadership, I now know I use the Direction, Discipline, and Recognition (DDR). I am very direct with my troops when it comes to feedback. They are always aware of what I expect from them, what they can expect from me, and what goals will help them succeed. I discipline substandard behavior when required and love to reward and recognize outstanding performers. I think my leadership style is very effective because it...
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...Paraphrase the author’s interpretation in the discussion section Personal interpretation 8. Future Research 20 points ___________ Discussion of author’s limitations Discussion of your future research ideas Following guidelines 20 points ___________ Overall quality of writing/presentation of ideas 20 points ___________ TOTAL of 200 POINTS ___________ 50 points will be deducted for late papers. Papers will not be accepted more than 24 hours late 1. Reference Information Spangler, S. M., Freitag, C., Schwarzer, G., Vierhaus, M., Teubert, M., Lamm, B., . . . Keller, H. (2011). Recognition of faces and Greebles in 3-month-old infants: Influence of temperament and cognitive...
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...personality theories, types and tests personality types, behavioural styles theories, personality and testing systems - for self-awareness, self-development, motivation, management, and recruitment Motivation, management, communications, relationships - focused on yourself or others - are a lot more effective when you understand yourself, and the people you seek to motivate or manage or develop or help. Understanding personality is also the key to unlocking elusive human qualities, for example leadership, motivation, and empathy, whether your purpose is self-development, helping others, or any other field relating to people and how we behave. The personality theories that underpin personality tests and personality quizzes are surprisingly easy to understand at a basic level. This section seeks to explain many of these personality theories and ideas. This knowledge helps to develop self-awareness and also to help others to achieve greater self-awareness and development too. Developing understanding of personality typology, personality traits, thinking styles and learning styles theories is also a very useful way to improve your knowledge of motivation and behaviour of self and others, in the workplace and beyond. Understanding personality types is helpful for appreciating that while people are different, everyone has a value, and special strengths and qualities, and that everyone should be treated with care and respect. The relevance of love and spirituality - especially...
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...Companies today are combining in record numbers. Executives pursue mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures as a means to create value by (1) acquiring technologies, products, and market access, (2) creating economies of scale, and (3) establishing global brand presence. There is an underlying belief that most markets can provide revenues to three large suppliers; when more than three exist the urge to merge is irresistible. That said, the business world seems littered with integrated companies that have lost value for shareholders. The question that inevitably arises is: "What forces are powerful enough to counteract the value-creating energy of economies of scale or global market presence?" Culture has emerged as one of the dominant barriers to effective integrations. In one study, culture was found to be the cause of 30 percent of failed integrations.1 Companies with different cultures find it difficult, if not often impossible, to make decisions quickly and correctly or to operate effectively. What is "culture"? Culture consists of the long-standing, largely implicit shared values, beliefs, and assumptions that influence behavior, attitudes, and meaning in a company (or society). This definition has several important implications: Culture is implicit. People who share in a culture find their culture challenging to recognize. The most insightful cultural observers often are outsiders, because cultural givens are not implicit to them. Culture influences how people behave...
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...Montgomery starts off the second chapter with a parallel to the Wizard of Oz. The book does a good job of keeping the reader intrigued with relatable material. He uses this comparison to bridge into defining exactly what temperament is. Montgomery defines temperament as “an inherent personal style, a predisposition that shapes all our natural inclinations: what we think and feel, what we want and need, what we say and do. In other words, temperament is the inborn, ingrained, factory-installed, hard-wired base of our personality.” (Montgomery, 2011, p. 20) The “four types of people” theory is by no means a new one. Plato believed that there are four social roles back in 340BC. He also believed that the soul has four different centers in the...
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...Professional Presence and Influence Caroline Lambert Western Governors University Professional Presence and Influence A. Professional Presence Discovery of a person’s authentic self and the impact on health and healing is as unique as our own fingerprints. The lifelong journey that reveals our true authenticity establishes who we are as humans and how we relate to others. My professional presence as a nurse is guided by my own distinctive life experiences. I have learned more from my numerous personal failures than I have from my triumphs. By taking time for introspection along my personal life journey, I understand what drives me and ignites my true passion. To me, nursing is considerably more than a profession—it is, in essence, a calling. I chose nursing to make a genuine difference in people’s lives and discovered along my path that nursing has profoundly impacted me as a human being. I believe that you must persevere through life’s trials and tribulations to attain your authenticity. To be an impactful leader in your life’s profession, you must understand the many and subtle nuances of the self. This self-awareness guides your professional presence as a human caring for your patients in a touching human way. Your everyday life experiences influence who you become in the future. Once you discover what inspires your soul, and you are expressing your truest self, your gifts of influence and guiding presence will shine through...
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...Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Jung Theory of Psychological Types and The Keirsey Temperament Sorter II. The listed methods are all developed by different individuals; with their very own views and opinions; however; each method is based on the basic theory that a person’s behavior are the results of specific traits that can be measured and it is these measureable traits are what make up a person’s inner habits and tendencies. There are several kinds of assessment methods that have been created to help define and measure ones individual personality and traits. For this assignment; the one used to assess my personality was the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II. The Keirsey Temperament Sorter II personality assessment tool; developed by David Kiersey was first introduced in his book Please Understand Me, which was published in 1978. It is an objective test composed of 70 questions that helps to measure and indicate the personality types of others based on his Keirsey Temperament Theory. The Keirsey Theory states that a person’s behavior can be broken down into four temperaments listed as Artisan, Guardians, Rationals, and Idealists. These four temperaments are further broken down; listing four different variants type for each referred to as character types. According to the Keirsey Temperament Theory; the four Temperaments...
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...Abstract Adolescence is often defined as an “in-between” period between childhood and adulthood. Teenagers are faced with biological and physical changes during puberty, psychological dilemmas such as self-esteem, self- concept, and identity (Erikson, 1968), social development such as new relationships and school transitions, and development of advanced cognitive skills such as abstract thinking (Resnick, 2011). Every adolescent is unique but what makes them unique is worth studying. Society can often list a dozen personality traits, skills, talents and interests based on what makes each adolescent their own unique individual. The adolescent social observation setting chosen for this adolescent review is the Rainier High School wrestling practice starting week of varsity conditioning. All practices are in a combination setting of three places. The weight room is used for conditioning weigh training and is located above the gym. The gym is used for mat practice and warm-ups and the local community is used for endurance and cardio exercises. The specific setting I have chosen is in the gym for mat practice and warm-ups of which is where the team spends most of their time. The purpose for choosing this setting is to observe the dynamics of social interaction accompanied by leadership of the older more senior varsity wrestlers and to include the naturalistic form of competition that exists in sports programs. The gym environment is typical...
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...MATH133 Unit 5 Individual Project – A 1) Describe the transformations on the following graph of f x= log( x) . State the placement of the vertical asymptote and x-intercept after the transformation. For example, vertical shift up 2 or reflected about the x-axis are descriptions. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 -1 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 -10 Y X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 a) g(x) = log(x - 5) Description of transformation: horizontal shift 5 units to the right Equation(s) for the Vertical Asymptote(s): x-5=0 x=5 x-intercept in (x, y) form: o=log(x-5) 100=x-5 6=x 6,0 b) gx=- log x+ 2 Description of transformation: Vertical shift 2 units up, reflected about the x axis Equation(s) for the Vertical Asymptote(s): x=o x-intercept in (x, y) form: -logx+2=0 -logx=-2 logx=2 x=102 x=100 (100,0) 2) Students in an English class took a final exam. They took equivalent forms of the exam at monthly intervals thereafter. The average score S(t), in percent, after t months was found to be given by S(t) = 68 - 20 log (t + 1), t ≥ 0 a) What was the average score when they initially took the test, t = 0? Answer: s0=68 Show your work in this space: s0=68-20 log (0+1)^0 20 log (0+1)^0 = 0 s0=68 b) What was the average score after 14 months? Answer: s=44.48 Show your work in this space: s14=68-20log(14+1) s14=68-20log15= s=44.48 c) After...
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...search out the beast in them, and nothing but the beast, plunge them into a violent drama and meticulously note the feelings and actions of these two beings’. Here he clearly says that humans are much like animals, with their predatory instincts and he puts this couple together, almost like an experiment to see how they react together and what happens next. Zola seemed to be captivated by physiology, which is a form of science aiming to understand the mechanisms of living and understand how they work. ‘My aim has been above all scientific. When I created my two protagonists, Thérèse and Laurent, I chose to set myself certain problems and to solve them. Thus I tried to explain the strange union that can take place between two different temperaments, showing the profound disturbances of a...
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...Temperaments Distinguishing Human Behaviour Choleric Focused on what needs to happen and has little concern for anything between them and their goal. A person who is choleric is a doer and a leader. They have a lot of ambition, energy and passion, and try to instill it in others. They can dominate people of other temperaments, especially phlegmatic types. Many great charismatic mililtary and political figures were cholerics. On the negative side, they are easily angered or bad-tempered. Known as the fiery temperament. Positives: not easily discouraged, optimistic, leader, team player, decisive, adventurous. Negatives: self-sufficient, impetuous, cruel, hot-tempered. The Powerful Personality – extrovert, leader, optimist, desires control. Babies Positives: determined look, adventuresome, energetic, outgoing, precocious. Negatives: strong-willed, demanding, loud and shrill, throws things, not sleepy. Children Positives: born leader, daring and eager, productive worker, sees the goal, moves quickly, self-sufficient, competitive, assertive, trustworthy. Negatives: controls parents, manipulative, temper tantrums, constantly moving, insists on own way, tests control, argumentative, stubborn, defiant. Teens Positives: aggressive, competent, organises quickly, assumes leadership, problem solver, self-confident, stimulates others, excels in emergencies, great potential, responsible. Negatives: too bossy, contnrols friends, knows everything, looks down on dummies...
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...Temperaments in the World of Business A term paper Presented to Mr. Dennis H. Pulido Department of English and Applied Linguistics College of Education De La Salle University - Manila In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for ENGLRES First trimester, S.Y. (2009-2010) By Kenton Ong Sychingping Karl Nikko Tan 24 August 2009 I. Thesis Statement: The temperaments / personality types and blends plays an important role in businesses for it lets people adapt and use this knowledge in their interactions and transactions with others that leads to efficiency and effectiveness of the organization. II. Outline 1. Introduction 1. History of temperaments 2. Definition of temperaments 2. The four temperaments/personality types 2.1 Choleric 2.2 Sanguine 2.3 Melancholic 2.4 Phlegmatic 3. The temperament Blends 1. Choleric (High ‘D’) Blends 2. Sanguine (High ‘l’) Blends 3. Melancholic (High ‘S’) Blends 4. Phlegmatic (High ‘C’) Blends 4. Importance of Temperament 1. Effect to Oneself 2. Effect to Others 5. Application of Temperaments in Business 1. Business Management and Organization 2. Human Resource Management 3. Marketing and Sales 6. Comparison of Temperaments in Business to other aspects 1. Psychology 2. Relationships 3. Education 7. Conclusion...
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