...Business and society Overview Companies play an important role in society, impacting on communities and regions as well as individual employees. The concept of corporate social responsibility recognizes that businesses often voluntarily integrate social and environmental concerns into their business models. Issues of corporate governance come into play particularly in cases of company restructuring. The Foundation monitors developments through its European Restructuring Monitor. A quarterly analysis of trends and in-depth case studies are available in the ERM quarterly. Through their business operations, companies have an important impact on the natural environment. The corporate sector has found itself in the media spotlight for environmentally problematic activities. Small and medium-sized enterprises are also under increasing pressure to adopt environmentally responsible practices. Introduction Businesses interact with the wider society they are part of. Businesses are affected by society, for example in the kinds of goods and services they are expected to produce, and businesses affect society by their activities. It is a two-way process. See, for example this article on discrimination in the workplace: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1605029.stm Some of the ways in which businesses affect society are negative, and usually governments limit these activities by law. For example, some business activities damage the environment. In addition, there are ethical constraints...
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...studying low-energy and low-exergy building technologies. The conditioning system is a TABS (Thermally Activated Building System), with water pipes embedded in the centre of a structural concrete slab, thus resulting in a ceiling radiant system. The high thermal capacity of the slab offers great opportunities to store heat, to dampen temperature fluctuations or to shift the peak-load; but, on the other hand, it implies a slow response of the system, which requires an accurate regulation strategy to front the variability of several factors, and to achieve the desired indoor temperature. A TRNSYS model of an office room has been developed, thus allowing to implement several regulations in the software and to test their performance. The main conclusion, carried out from the simulations, is that the implementation of a Feed-forward controller gives appreciable advantages in the temperature control, achieving both a more precise control of thermal conditions and a reduction of the energy consumption. The parameters taken into account by the controller are more than one and, more in detail, they are the operative temperature, the variation of external temperature, the solar radiation and the effect of internal gains....
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...accurate for testing the temperature of a baby's bath water? Your hands are very unreliable at measuring temperature, one reason is because you can become used to extreme temperatures on your hands more readily than other parts of your body. For example, when you first put your hand in water it might feel very hot or very cold, but then as you keep your hand under water, you get used to it, and the water begins to feel more moderate than it really is. This is a very bad thing if you are trying to avoid scalding your baby! Scientists and doctors have proven that the elbow is the most reliable to test your babies bath water because the skin cells on the end of the elbow are more sensitive than any other part of the skin. If you test your baby’s bath with the end of your elbow you are less likely to scald them. What's the structure of the skin? The skin is the largest organ in the body. It has three main layers, the epidermis, the dermis and the subcutaneous layers. The epidermis is an elastic layer on the outside that is continually being regenerated. The dermis is the inner layer that includes the following Epidermis Dermis sweat glands- they produce sweat that travels through the sweat ducts Hair follies- are pits where hair grows. Hairs also play a part in temperature regulation. Source A Subcutaneous layer The subcutaneous layer under the dermis is made up of connective tissue and fat (a good insulator) What temperature does damage to the skin...
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...Explain why many cold environments are fragile and how they can be cared for the ensure sustainability (15 marks) A fragile environment is an environment that is very susceptible to change at the slightest alteration in conditions. The changes can often lead to the environments endangerment or destruction. Cold environments are very fragile because they are so susceptible to changes. Slight fluctuations in average sea or air temperature can cause a large amount of melting to ice caps and glaciers destroying the environments and many animal habitats in the process. For example in Antarctica rising sea temperatures have caused a large amount of the ice sheets to melt and break off entirely. This reduces the size of the continent and the area that animals such as polar bears have to breed and hunt. The extremely cold temperatures mean that decay of substances is very slow. Litter and pollutants left by tourists and scientists have a greater effect on the environment because this decaying process takes much longer than it would with higher temperatures therefore waste remains there for longer and is ingested by animals or damages the flora of the area. Sustainability involves meeting the needs of the current generation without compromising the environment for those in the future. To ensure these cold environments are cared for sustainably expert organisations have been set up to reduce human impact. The International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators (IAATO) is an organisation...
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...Isha Kaba Isha Kaba Homestatics Homestatics Contents Introduction 2 Homeostasis 3 Body Temperature 3 Blood Sugar level 3 Water Content 3 Negative Feedback 4 Figure1: flow chart Negative feed back 4 How the body regulates its temperature 4 Conditions: 5 Hot Temperature 5 Cold Temperature 5 The Skin and its function in temperature regulation 5 Figure 2: Downward position of hair. Figure 3: upright position of hair 6 The Brain as a Device for temperature control 6 Figure 4: Hypothalamus 6 Heart rate increase during exercise 7 Temperature 7 Cold 7 Hot 7 Process 7 Vasoconstriction 7 Vasodilation 7 Arterioles 7 Narrows 7 widens 7 Blood flow in skin capillaries 7 Dissipation of heat from the body 7 Reduction 7 Increases 7 Table 1 7 How blood glucose is regulated 8 Table 2 9 Figure 7 9 Reference 9 Introduction Maintaining the body temperature and other related mechanisms sustaining life is essential because the body needs to be in perfect equilibrium. The term equilibrium can be simplified as the stated in which all forces are kept in a balanced state and tis can also be related to the human body. This report is based on the study of the human body and its control system in keeping it at perfect equilibrium hence scientifically termed Homeostasis. Homeostasis Homeostasis can be defined as the body’s ability to maintain a constant internal environment. The internal environment...
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...Temperature Why was the hot tub set to such a dangerously high temperature? First, Roma and Clint had a very high BAL of 0.20. At that point their decision making would get very weak and they cannot stand up. So with the poor their poor decision, they could have set the temperature of the hot tub higher. Also, since the weather was colder than usual at 15 degrees Celsius, the water temperature could have been lower due to the cold air. How does water temperature affect core body temperature? If the water is cold the body will try to conserve heat and keep its homeostasis. If the water is hot the body will try to get rid of heat to keep its homeostasis. Hot tub water was hot at 45 degrees Celsius. Blood vessels will dilate near the surface of the skin. Sweat to cool down the body temperature Did the air temperature have an effect on water temperature? The air was about 15 degrees Celsius which is much colder than the hot tub temperature. So the air temperature would cool the water down. How does the body respond to 45 degrees Celsius? The body sweats to cool down and blood vessels dilate. Therefore lose water How does the body respond to 15 degrees Celsius? Blood vessels contract near surface. Muscles contract (shiver) When would heat stroke occur? Heat stroke occurs when the body over heats. Heat stroke occurs when the core body temperature is greater than 105 degrees Fahrenheit (40.5 degrees Celsius), with complications involving the central nervous system...
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...Running Head: NEWBORN ASSESSMENT AND CARE PLAN Newborn Assessment and Care Plan Newborn Assessment On 1/29/09, at 0610, 39 week gestational age, 7lb 4.6oz, black male was born to 18 year old mother. Infant born via vaginal delivery with assistance of vacuum extraction, nuchal cord x1 noted. Mother received adequate prenatal care beginning at 8weeks. Prenatal medications included Iron supplements and prenatal vitamins. Prenatal complication included pregnancy induced hypertension. Onset of labor 0647, full dilation 1705, and delivery of infant at 1810. Apgar scores 6/8.Weight 3305gms, length 20 inches, head circumference 12 inches, chest circumference 12 ¾ inches, abdominal girth 12 inches. The infant is alert and active. Anterior fontanel is soft and flat. No oral lesions. Head caput/ molding, elongated with edema, abrasion noted from suction. Color is pink and changing all over (African American.) Skin is warm, dry, and well perfused. No rashes, vesicles, or other lesions noted. Birthmark present on forehead approximately 2cm. Bilirubin test ordered. Lanugo present. Hair pattern is scattered evenly all over, fine texture and moderate amount. Eyes symmetrical and in midline. No discharge present from eyes. Eyes move from left to right and sclera is white. Eyebrows are fine and symmetrical. Nose is patent and midline. Ears present symmetrically. Mouth midline. Gums and tongue pink and moist. Cheeks symmetrical with no lesions. Saliva present. Chin well aligned on face...
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...layers so that they remain warm and have the option to remove clothing to help maintain a comfortable temperature. Scenario In this particular scenario, it is a beautiful fall day. It was so beautiful and sunny that I did not feel the need to bring my jacket. All of a sudden the clouds came and the temperature dropped. (Alter environment) Our bodies work much like a thermostat. When the body gets cold you get chills or goose bumps. (Response to natural stimuli) This helps us regain a comfortable temperature. (Adapt to environment) Our bodies tend to react in certain ways to help regulate proper body temperature. (Maintain internal environment) Our bodies have a natural sense of environment which helps us maintain every day. I believe homeostatic mechanism is a positive mechanism our bodies have. Without this feature our bodies would either become too cold or even over heat. This in turn could cause several illnesses. The Body’s Response Sometimes increased body temperature can activate mechanisms that promote heat loss, and lowered body temperature activate mechanisms that conserve or even produce heat. This cycle can be called the feedback loop. A feedback loop has three major components. The components are: sensors that register the change, a control center that receives the signals of the sensors, and an effector mechanism or response. Temperature regulation has a control center located in the hypothalamus. This signals the body to activate warming...
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...into hot tub with some wine. After the night, they were found dead.Before going into the hot tub, Clint took his Lasix medication. The temperature of the hot tubwas higher than it should be. BAL of the couple was 0.20. Roma weighted 120lb; Clintweighted 160lb. Time of death estimated at 2AM in the morning. There was a therapeutic(fair amount) level of Lasix in Clint’s blood, but none in Roma’s blood .TemperatureHot tub temperature can be no more than 104-106 degree Fahrenheit (40-41 degreeCelsius(more than 104-106 (40-41) can lead to heat stroke, heart attack nausea, stroke, braindamage, other illness and death, even in healthy adults. They might drown ..AlcoholAlcohol while in hot tub is very dangerous -The heat from the spa accelerates the effects of the alcohol and can lead tounconsciousness. -alcohol dehydrates the body, as does sweating in a hot tub--cause light-headedness,dizziness, nausea, heart palpation, confusion, weakness and even coma and death. -Drinking alcohol can cause dizziness, which can be aggravated by the high temperature ofa hot tub. dizziness may cause you to fall..and drown -the depressant effect of alcohol intake in combination with the high temperature of a hottub can cause you to fall asleep or pass out.---drowning -the heat of a hot tub expands your blood vessels (lowers blood pressure) and increasesyour body temperature (cause you to sweat--dehydration), as does drinking alcohol.combining them can result in unconsciousness or even a stroke or a heart...
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...Semester Project Pre-Proposal |10 scientific inquiries (all must be specific and directly testable using the scientific method; 30 points total) | |1. What should the optimal water frequency be for a tomato plant? | |2. Does more or less water keep an orchid alive and well? | |3. What is the productivity of an ant colony in warm vs cold temperatures? | |4. Which is the best fertilizer to help keep tomato plants alive longer and foster better growth? | |5. Do purple flowers or pink flowers attract more hummingbirds? | |6. Do ladybugs keep insects from eating leaves on plants? | |7. Does beer or tomato juice keep bugs away from eating tomato plants? | |8. What type of soil causes saguaro cactus grow the highest? | |9. What is ant food preference for proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates? | |10. Does sunlight affect the growth rate of strawberries...
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...births. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 482-489. http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org.libaccess.fdu.edu/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03616.x Abstract: This paper reports an audit of the effect on admission temperatures of using occlusive polyethylene wrap applied immediately after the birth of extremely premature infants. Use of occlusive polyethylene wrap during the early postnatal management of the premature infant reduces evaporative and convective heat loss. Retrospective pre-intervention (control) group infants were immediately dried with pre-warmed towels and resuscitated under radiant heat. Infants in the intervention group were managed under radiant heat, were not dried, but were immediately enclosed in an occlusive polyethylene wrap. The demographic characteristics of the two groups were comparable. Use of occlusive polyethylene wrap resulted in higher admission temperatures for infants less than 27 weeks gestation. There was no statistically significant improvement in admission temperatures for 27-29 week infants. The rate of hypothermia on admission was lower in the intervention group, but more infants recorded temperatures exceeding 37.2 degrees C during the first 12 hours. There were no other adverse effects noted. Use of occlusive polyethylene wrap improved admission temperatures for infants less than 27 weeks gestation. This intervention is easy to implement and does not interfere with resuscitation. However, removal of the wrap should be considered following admission to...
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...Pet came as a rescue from the shelter. Presented for lethargy, inappetance, vomiting, diarrhea, and hanging head over water bowl with no consumption of water Physical Exam Findings Integument- Loss of skin turgor Body score 3/10, anorexic, temperature elevated at 105.3 Gastrointestinal- pet is leaking bloody/liquid diarrhea. Abdomen very tense and painful upon palpation. Diagnostic Tests Performed Parvovirus snap test- positive CBC to lab- marked leukopenia Fecal Flotation- Coccidia Direct Fecal Smear- Giarrdia Diagnosis Panleukopenia Treatment Iv catheter, iv fluids supplemented with b-vitamins and dextrose(to prevent hypoglycemia), Metronidazole (anti-diarrheal used to treat giarrdia), Ponazuril(to treat the coccidia), Lithium Citrate (to elevate white blood cell count), Tamiflu (anti-viral), Na Ampicillin (antibiotic to prevent any secondary infection), Cerenia (anti-emetic to control the vomiting), Buprenex (pain management) NPO- allow GI tract to settle, wait until pet’s vomiting stops to introduce a bland diet. Temperature Regulation- Bair hugger used PRN (as needed), temperatures did fluctuate as low as 91.3 degrees fahrenheit. Respectively, iv fluids were run through ice water to aid when temperatures reached above 103.5 degrees fahrenheit. Blood transfusion- blood had been harvested 2 months prior from a patient that had survived panleukopenia. The blood contained active antibodies against the virus. 20mls of the blood was transfused to the...
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...multi-functional instruments. Key Features * Thermistor type sensor * Plug type connector * -40°C to 120°C/-40°F to 248°F range * Hold function * 2 year standard warranty * Long battery life: typically 500 hours * Standard splash-proof IP65 * Robust case for long life in harsh environments * Accuracy exceeds European food regulations * Ergonomic design * Magnified backlit digital display Logging mode – enabling retrieval and output of readings Long battery life – typically 500 hours Accurate performance – 0.2% of reading Robust Case – Ensuring long life in demanding and harsh environments Selectable auto switchoff – saves on operational costs Automatic zero calibration – for added accuracy This is a function that gives an indicative reading within 14 Seconds for poor thermal conductivity items. The use of this Function will reduce the accuracy to +/-2°C. For correct Speed-read measurements the probe must be in good Thermal contact with medium under test prior to activating the Function. A steep temperature gradient or wide temperature Difference between the initial probe temperature and item Under test is required. Speed-read is suitable for core frozen...
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...Extreme temperature acclimation in humans. “Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.” – Mark Twain November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910 Many of us believe that there is little we can do about weather conditions; I included. My situation has me moving from a rather cold to temperate climate to a rather hot and sticky one. So I set out in search of information on acclimation to extreme temperatures. • Heat acclimatization identifies biological adaptations that lessen physical strain (e.g., heart rate and body temperature), improved comfort and protection of vital organs from heat injury. (U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) manual on heat acclimation, Pub.-July 2012) • Heat acclimatization speaks directly concerning a certain environment, (e.g., a desert, jungle or the arctic.) Acclimatization to similar environments really improves comfort levels and ability to be active. (U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) manual on heat acclimation, Pub.-July 2012) None of us can control snow, rain or wind, but we can train our bodies to adapt better, perform better and be less stressed. Humans can employ very similar techniques when acclimating to extreme environments, both hot and cold. Acclimation occurs in direct response to an ever changing environment. Acclimatization is the specific physiological changes which occur. Capillaries open wider to allow for more warm blood to enter...
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...Texas, to frigid winters in Minnesota, transport environments vary markedly in North America accentuating increased opportunities for hypo/hyperthermia cases. Hypothermia and cold stress on transport is a preventable condition that can have a significant impact on mortality and morbidity, especially in pre-term infants. Proper thermoregulation and management should always be a top priority whether the newborn is well or sick. It is important for the transport team to understand infants at increased risk for hypothermia, normal & abnormal core temperatures, normal response to cold stress, mechanisms of heat gain and loss, physiologic response to hypothermia, what methods are used to rewarm hypothermic infants, how to monitor infants during rewarming, and how to handle the hyperthermic infant. Team members need to diligently consider all risk factors that may place these delicate patients at risk and effectively maintain a normal body temperature throughout the entire transport. Infants have a difficult time balancing heat loss with heat production. At birth, the term infant has a surface area-to-volume ratio four times that of its parents and a heat production only one and one-half times as high. In addition, the infants ability to increase heat production in the face of cold stress is only about one-third that of the parents. Other factors contributing include decreased amounts of insulating fat, thinner immature skin, and if any brown fat. Infants at the highest risk for hypothermia...
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