...Brain BRAIN DRAIN AND IMPACT ON DEVELOPMENT OAS Special Committee on Migration 13 January 2009 Washington Presentation Outline Background and Overview Issues and Impacts Policy Responses 2 Brain drain • Outflow of persons – Volume – Relative to the wider economic and social environment – Compensatory movements • Cost benefit analysis – Est 5% global liberalization of labour migration could contribute $300b p.a to world welfare (greater than ODA or FDI) – Even a more conservative increase by developed countries of 3% of their total workforce would increase world welfare by more than $150b p.a. 3 Migration data • Neither globally nor regionally established data collection mechanisms • No consensus on definitions • Incompatibility of data from different sources at national, regional and international levels • Stock data – no flow data: only limited reflection of true level of migration • Data on specific migrant groups from receiving countries– often not compatible • Trafficking and irregular migration – very limited knowledge. 4 Background • World total migrants in 1980: 100 million – 47.7 million were in developed countries, compared with 52.1 million in developing countries. 2002 – 40.8 million migrants live in North American countries (13% of the pop) • 2006: out of a global total of some 190 million migrants – 61 million had moved South - South, 53 million North -North, 14 million North -South and 62 million South...
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...organization-wide versus change primarily to one part of the organization * incremental versus transformational The Public Sector Transformational Unit was formed by the government to lead and facilitate the implementation of the restructuring of the ministries in the Public Sector; therefore one could make the assumption that this was a planned change. With this premise, JMAN Business Consultants have been acquired by the Public Sector Transformation Unit (PSTU) to highlight the effects of this restructuring exercise on the employees in the Education and Labour and Social Security Ministries, as well as to help make the relevant recommendations as to how this exercise can be implemented efficiently and effectively. The Ministry of Education (MOE) The Objectives of this Ministry are: * Improvement in processes and systems to enhance efficiency and service delivery throughout the sector * Enhancement of education outcomes...
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...The Impact of Technology on the Education Industry by I. Wiggan September 27, 2011. Technology is the development over time of systematic techniques for making and doing things (Britannica Encyclopedia, 2001). According to the oxford dictionary; education is the process of training a person’s mind so that they can acquire knowledge. The combination of education and technology has been considered the main key to human progress. Education feeds technology, which in turn forms the basis for education (Fodje, 2006). The acquiring of knowledge allowed man to develop technological aid to make life easier. To date this same technology has impacted on the education industry in Jamaica. Technology has made a mark on Jamaica over the years; it is the fuel that drives Jamaica’s education industry at every level. Jamaica’s education model has four levels through which an individual can access or receive a formal education: Early Childhood Education; Primary Education; Secondary Education and Tertiary Education. At each stage of learning, technology has made a mark on students’ educational pursuits. At the Elementary stage of education, children between the ages of 2 – 6 years old are taught using audio visual aids. These are referred to as educational software; examples leapfrog and ‘my baby can read.’ These technological tools allow children to respond to audio and visual educational material. These mechanisms are tailored to gain the attention of children so that they learn prescribed...
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...Technology is the development over time of systematic techniques for making and doing things (Britannica Encyclopedia, 2001). According to the oxford dictionary; education is the process of training a person’s mind so that they can acquire knowledge. The combination of education and technology has been considered the main key to human progress. Education feeds technology, which in turn forms the basis for education (Fodje, 2006). The acquiring of knowledge allowed man to develop technological aid to make life easier. To date this same technology has impacted on the education industry in Jamaica. Technology has made a mark on Jamaica over the years; it is the fuel that drives Jamaica’s education industry at every level. Jamaica’s education model has four levels through which an individual can access or receive a formal education: Early Childhood Education; Primary Education; Secondary Education and Tertiary Education. At each stage of learning, technology has made a mark on students’ educational pursuits. At the Elementary stage of education, children between the ages of 2 – 6 years old are taught using audio visual aids. These are referred to as educational software; examples leapfrog and ‘my baby can read.’ These technological tools allow children to respond to audio and visual educational material. These mechanisms are tailored to gain the attention of children so that they learn prescribed lessons. By repeatedly listening to jingles and nursery rhymes from audio disc...
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...In a country like Jamaica human rights are conflicting with long term established values and norms. Stone (1992) states that “Values define for a society the things people strive for and attach great meaning and significance to. Norms set rules of behaviour designed to express a commitment to the society’s underlying values.” The United Nations in their article on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights define human rights as “rights inherent to all human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status.” We are all equally entitled to our human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible. The International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) states in its preamble, "in accordance with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the ideal of free human beings enjoying freedom from fear and want can only be achieved if conditions are created whereby everyone may enjoy his or her economic, social and cultural rights, as well as his or her civil and political rights". Jamaica is widely perceived to be the most homophobic country in the Caribbean and, by some accounts, the world (Padgett 2006). Sexuality-based oppression in Jamaica is institutionalized throughout the legal system, health and social welfare institutions, popular culture, religion and through extreme forms of social stigma (White and Carr 2005). Poverty and public...
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...Social Studies School based assessment Name: Horace Campbell School: Kingston College Candidate #: Teacher: Ms. Groves Territory: Jamaica Centre#: Table of contents Acknowledgement 3 Introduction 4 Statement of Problem 5 Reason for Selecting the Area of Research 6 Method of Investigation 7 Data Collection Instrument 8 Procedure for Data Collection 9 Presentation of Data 10-12 Analysis and Interpretation of Data 13 Recommendation and Implementation Strategy 14 Bibliography 15 Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge my cousin Andre Thompson for assisting me with this research and also all the persons who participated in the questionnaire. Introduction This is a research into the factors that contribute to the constant trend of poverty in West Kingston along with some of the factors. Here is a brief history on the West Kingston Area: The area of West Kingston is predominantly residential neighborhood in Jamaica’s Capital Kington. This area has reputation of being one of Kingston’s most violent and poverty stricken areas. In this area there is the largest public cemetery in the English-speaking Caribbean - the May Pen Cemetery, the two largest maternity and public hospitals in the English-speaking Caribbean - the Victoria Jubilee and Kingston Public hospitals; the Blood Bank; the largest market in the English-speaking Caribbean - the Coronation Market, and also 99 per cent...
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...TOPIC An Investigation to determine the effects of Unemployment in Jamaica between 2003-2009. OBJECTIVES * Define the term ‘Unemployment’. * Identify the main types of ‘Unemployment’ found in Jamaica. * To find out the main causes of ‘Unemployment’ in Jamaica. * To uncover the effects of ‘Unemployment’ in Jamaica. * To broaden my knowledge about ‘Unemployment’ on a whole. * To find realistic solutions to unemployment in Jamaica. PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION During the period 2003-2009, the researcher has observed a lot of persons being unemployed for one reason or the other. Therefore, the researcher has become very concerned and has taken the responsibility of conducting a research to identify the main factors contributing to unemployment, the effects they have on Jamaica and the citizens of Jamaican, and to propose realistic solutions. However, the main reason for conducting this investigation is to complete my Economics School Based Assessment (SBA) for my Caribbean Secondary Examination Council (CSEC). METHODOLOGY In order to collect and gather the necessary information needed to complete this investigation, the researcher used printed questionnaires and also interviewed a member of Ministry of Labour (MOL). POPULATION Clark’s Hill is a small community consisting of approximately 150-200 persons in total. SAMPLE A total of 50 questionnaires (see appendices, figure 1) was handed out, in which individuals were randomly selected from...
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...1.2. TRENDS AND PATTERNS OF MIGRATION TO AND FROM CARIBBEAN COUNTRIES Elizabeth Thomas-Hope[1] INTRODUCTION Migration has become deeply embedded in the psyche of Caribbean peoples over the past century and a half. It has evolved as the main avenue for upward mobility through the accumulation of capital – financial and social. Thus the propensity for migration is high and there is a general responsiveness to the opportunities for moving whenever they occur. At times these opportunities have come from within the region itself or the wider circum-Caribbean region, as in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; in more recent times from North America and Europe. The migration dynamic reflects the interplay of international, national and highly personal circumstances. Global changes affect the international economic order and the division of labour and, as a consequence, legislative controls and inducements to the movement of labour across selective national borders. At the national level, economic, social, demographic and political factors influence the variable access of people to economic rewards and social opportunities. But migration is not a passive reaction to internal ‘pushes’ and external ‘pulls’. Within this wider international and national context, migration is part of a dynamic set of negotiations at all levels. For whether ‘free’ movement or refugee, there is a selective process that operates at the interface of the needs of...
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...Decision Making In: Business and Management[->0] Decision Making Decision making 1. What are the different types of decisions and how does the decision-making process work? There are 3 different types of decisions, which are Unstructured, Structured, and Semi-Structured. For Unstructured decision making managers must provide judgment, evaluation, and insight to solve problem. The made decision depends on the individual making it. In a Structured decision repetition and routines are applied for each decision that is made. These decisions have a procedure for handling a situation so that it does not have to be approached as a new situation upon accurance. Structured takes away stress from the manangers as they do not have to make difficult decisions. But, managers also lose some of their power with this decision making process. Semi-structured allows the manager to use past situations for current problems, but also has the flexibility to emphasize using own judgement. 2. How do information systems support the activities of managers and management decision making? Information systems can assist in making decisions by providing information and tools for analysis. To manage situations effieciently and effectively, organiztions use Management Information Systems, MIS, to process information. Individuals, technology, and informationManagement information systems involve three primary resources people, technology, and information. Management information systems are distinct...
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...to be beneficial to the economy as it provides jobs, education ,foreign investment and other investment opportunities. This paper seeks to examine the kind of impacts the Logistics Hub would have on the economy and environment if any, where and who will feel the impacts of the Logistics Hub if implemented and how the Logistic hub will be beneficial to the Jamaican Tourism Product. The main objective is to gather all the data in the printed press, all articles and interviews and written documents on the Logistic Hub and appraise the value and correctness of information...
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...Introduction Conditions in the Caribbean territories controlled by the British Colony in the 1930’s were not of public health standard especially after the labour unrest. To understand the public health crisis that existed at that time it is important to have an idea of what public health means. Public health as defined by Winslow (1920) “is the science and art of preventing, prolonging life and organized community efforts for sanitation of the environment, control of communicable infections, education of the individual in personal hygiene, organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of social machinery to ensure everyone a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health, so organizing these benefits as to enable every citizen to realize his birth right of health and longevity”(p.5). Considering this definition and the conditions of the British Caribbean territories one could conclude that there were very little to no public health existence in the time of the 1930’s. Consequently, the British Government appointed the Moyne Commission on August 3rd 1938 to investigate and make recommendations on the social and economic conditions of its territories and to file a report. The Moyne Report ended on February 20th 1939 and published fully in 1945 (Green, 2014). This project, therefore, will give a brief biography of Lord Moyne, discuss the factors that led to the establishment of the Commission...
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...contributing to the health of productivity of whole families and communities which would consequently give rise to improved new generation. In Europe during the eighteenth century, gender equality gained political social and philosophical attention when Olympe de Gouges published the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizens, modeled on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. Guyana has recognized the importance of gender equality, and as such, in 1976 there was a presentation in parliament of a state paper on Equality for Women and in 1990 there was the Equal Rights Act. Since the establishment of the Equal Rights Act, Guyana has taken measures to empower women in some areas such as: politics and public, education and training, and legislation. “If you educate a boy you educate a human being. If you educate a girl you educate generations” (Mieko Nishimizu). The Constitution of Guyana, 1980 with 1996 reforms, Article 29 (2): The exercise of women’s rights is ensured by according women equal access with men...
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...Table Of Content Page Acknowledgment.................................................................................4 Executive Summary.............................................................................5 Description a of business.....................................................................6 Justification of location.........................................................................7 Selection of appropriate labour.............................................................8 Sources of fixed and working capital....................................................9 Role of the entrepreneur......................................................................10 Type of production................................................................................11 Levels of Production.............................................................................12 Quality control measures......................................................................13 Use of technology.................................................................................12 Linkages................................................................................................14 Potential for growth...............................................................................15 Government regulations........................................................................16 Ethical Issues................................................................
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...Caribbean Development: An Overview Paul Sutton * Development is generally recognised as a complex multifaceted process of economic, social, political, environmental and cultural change, which results in increases in the well-being of people and extends their rights and choices in the present without compromising the abilities of future generations to enjoy these benefits. In the Caribbean the economic, social and political elements of development have held centre stage in the last fifty years. Typically they have been (and are) represented in the form of rising incomes (greater Gross Domestic Product per capita), social progress (improved welfare through education and health programmes and gender equality) and political freedoms (independence, administrative efficiency and democracy). In the last fifteen years environmental issues have slowly risen on the development agenda as well as, more recently, cultural issues such as artistic expression and various forms of identity. Any exploration of development in the region is therefore very wide. The focus of this paper is on the traditional agenda - economic, social and political development in that order. This is not because these aspects are in any sense ‘superior’ to other forms of development (although the economic dimension remains dominant within the development discourse and within the Caribbean), but because it permits the long view - to look back at development policy to situate where the theory and practice of development...
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...and Common Market The Caribbean Community and Common Market (CARICOM), was establish in 1973 with the Treaty of Chaguaramas. The purpose of the CARICOM is to promote economic integration and development. The CARICOM main focus was in less developed areas of the region. There are many nations part of the CARICOM such as Belize, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica, Haiti, Barbados, and the Bahamas, just to name a few. In total there are 15 nations in the CARICOM and 5 associated nations. The CARICOM manages a common market and creates policies on education, labor, science, technology, tourism, health, foreign policy, and the environment. Moreover, there are other institutions associated with the CARICOM such as: the Caribbean Development Bank, the University of Guyana, the University of the West Indies, and the Caribbean Court Justice, which was established in 2005. Lastly, the CARICOM replaced the Caribbean Free Trade Association. Major Article Summary The article of choice is focus on the different pillars of the CARICOM. The article mentioned how the CARICOM developed 5 regional health institutions; they also invested in tertiary-level institutions, and the Caribbean Cooperation in Health, which is the guide for the regional health agenda for the CARICOM states. In 1989, the government decided to fashion the Caribbean Single Market and economy to improve the ability of the CARICOM. This will allow the CARICOM to insert itself more advantageously into the global economy. However...
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