...BUS 310 Notes regarding Two-Sample t-Tests and ANOVAs In Chapter 9, we learned how to conduct a t test of a hypothesis when we were testing the mean of a single sample group against some pre-determined value (i.e., the 21.6 gallons of milk consumption as the national average). This week, in Chapter 10, we will see how to test hypotheses that involve more than one sample group—such as testing to see if males are significantly taller than females. If we have two groups, then the technique that we will use will still be a t test. If we have more than two groups, then we will have to use a different test called Analysis of Variance (ANOVA, for short). The good news is that the decision rules for hypothesis testing that we learned last week are still exactly the same: Set #1: If the absolute value (ignore any negative sign) of the test statistic is greater than or equal to the critical value, then you reject the null. If the absolute value of the test statistic is less than the critical value, you do not reject the null. Set #2: If the p value is less than or equal to α, reject the null. If the p value is greater than α, do not reject the null. (Remember that we must either reject or not reject the null—we never accept the null.) In order to conduct these tests, we will need to use the data analysis feature of Excel, which probably is not installed for you, but that’s OK, because it’s available and pretty simple to install—just follow these steps: ...
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...Background: Mind testing game will be along a path to test and teach the listener on how the mind works in weird and mysterious ways. Games will be played along the path tricking the mind. Intro [Host]: [FM Radio static] “Hello! You have been selected to play Mindbuster! Ok listen up, your mind and senses are the key and they are going to be tested, follow the path and listen carefully, reach the end and win the grand prize! You will see someone in front of you waving his arms! Shall we begin?” Game 1: “Hello contestant here your mind will be test to see how well you can pay attention to directions. Let’s see how many people can pass this test: raise your right just in front of your face like so [I will be following along with cues showing them what to do] now just stick out your thumb like so, next your index finger good just like that so far so good now make a connection with the two forming together like a circle every one following so far good finally touch the circle to your chin!”[As I move my hand to my cheek instead] “Now how many for you followed with what I did instead of what I said? Most off you failed to follow my instructions. This deals with the minds perception, how most people respond faster to a visual direction rather than a spoken direction. Now shall we move on further down the hallway in front of you, you’ll see your next mind bending test.” Refer to the link for my game and others if you like to use them: http://youtu.be/YGilPTOLjzA ...
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...some form of a standardized test. The two most common and popular of these tests are the ACT and the SAT. Depending in which region you live in, you will take one of those test during your educational career. But, does taking that test really decide how smart you actually are. Eleven years of schooling and one of those tests will decide what college you go to and what you will do for the rest of your life. People have all different types of talents and these test favor the people who are good at school but, what about the kids who are good musicians or good athletes? Why should a test decide how smart they are when the activities that those kids are exceeding in, aren’t on...
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...Animals suffer like humans, just because they can’t talk doesn’t give us the right to abuse them. We fight for the rights of the disabled, would be considered it morally acceptable to abuse a mute person? No pain medications are given. Limbs are cut off and organs removed to make a test for a drug simulate the lose of a limb or organ. Cancer is given to animals so that we can find ways to cure it. We would not imagine giving someone cancer. We would not condone removing someone’s spline to test for whether or not insulin would work. More people are supporting no testing on animals with their wallets. Many countries have banned animal testing. More and more companies have stopped the use of animal testing. They stopped because consumers stopped buying their products because of the testing. Abercrombie & fitch.is an example of an that does animal free testing Lots of companies are making products without testing. Beauty products like make up and shampoos are now primarily made without testing. Candy and other artificial food items are also free of animal...
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...overwhelming. Not only that, but this is your first time taking the goliath test that could make or break your future, the ACT. This was my first experience taking the ACT, which was required by my high school, and it was a horrific, four hour long test that I was unfamiliar with. Standardized tests, like the ACT, should be highly revised, if not abolished, due to its inefficient measurement of skill, high levels of stress caused to the students, and its unfairness. Although there are many reasons as to why the ACT is not a reliable test, there are some good qualities it has. The main one is its objectivity: “they are given under nearly identical testing conditions, and are graded by a machine” (Bless). This gives the test some credibility, but in reality, the questions are quite unfair because “objectivity” is different for...
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...beautiful place to live, where the Statue of Liberty is located in now a jagged society. Emily S. Robinson, is a 17-year-old girl, a junior in high school who has always struggled in school. She has worked hard to get good grades but she has difficulty achieving good grades on tests. Emily is now very scared about the Nation’s Standardized Exit test she must take. When the government took over New York City in 2998, the rulers of this evil government determined that each student in their junior year of high school would take this exit test. If they passed the test, they could remain alive and live in New York City but if they were unable to pass the exit test, they would be killed. This would allow the new unjust society to only be made up of intelligent people....
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...In the progress of understanding of human biology why complex diseases like diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure and psychiatric disorders are so difficult to predict and treat, or why one individual gets a disease but an identical twin remains perfectly all right, scientists have now discovered one vital clue to unravel the riddle. Human genome is a collection of 4 million gene switches. Some reside in bits of DNA that once were discarded as ‘junk’ but that turns out to play critical role in controlling how cells, tissues and organs behave -- the junk DNA is often referred to as the ‘dark matter’ instead. As a result of a huge project involving 440 scientists from 32 laboratories around the world, the discovery is considered as a major medical...
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...I have overcome most of my test anxiety. Now that I’m older I can look upon my past for learning moments for myself; one of those being tests. My mindset now, is that are indicators of how well I’m processing and understand the knowledge and information I’m taking in. Therefore, when I do well on test, I use this to gauge how I prioritize the class I achieved a good grade in, similarly if I had received a bad grade. Though, this mature mindset is completely new and fresh, before I had struggled greatly with tests. In my freshman year, I was failing math. Uninspired and lost, test were eventually stressors for me. Often I would look and slip through the pages unamused, and fall asleep or doodle on my papers, leaving the page half-done and...
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...computer games, but it just isn’t the fun computer games anymore, they are making more and more learning programs. I have seen learning programs from the preschool level all the way up to the college level. I think this is wonderful it gives children or young adults the chance to practice at home or even before the class the starts, it gives you a little introduction. I have a six year old sister who uses those programs all the time, and they help her. When she was in preschool it helped her count and now the levels are getting harder now that she is in first grade. My family, me especially because I am going into the education field think that these programs are very beneficial, they help the students get a good grasp on things. I think technology has positively impacted the education field. When I see my little sister practice and play on the computer I can tell it is helping her in her school work, but at the same time she is enjoying it. Because it is on the computer it doesn’t feel like she is doing homework or school work, but in her mind she is playing on the computer, for fun. I know for the most part many people use these programs as an introduction to a course or for a certain grade level. This helps the student prepare themselves for the up coming tasks. These computer programs allow students to get their feet wet before they go in for the dive. During my senior year I was a student aide for a first grade class, and even in the classroom the teachers were using computer...
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...school gets a poor grade. That’s like taking a bunch of apples and throwing them out just because a couple of them were spoiled. A person needs to work with the good parts of the apple and make apple pie. Improve the child by adding things that will take that child higher and increase their ability to learn. Gregory J. Cizek, "Unintended Consequences of High Stakes Testing - P-12,” Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, Sep. 2001 Susan Ohanian, "Collateral Vomitage,” www.susanohanian.org, Mar. 14, 2002 Standardized testing causes severe stress in younger students. According to education researcher Gregory J. Cizek, anecdotes abound “illustrating how testing... produces gripping anxiety in even the brightest students, and makes young children vomit or cry, or both.” On Mar. 14, 2002, the Sacramento Bee reported that “test-related jitters, especially among young students, are so common that the Stanford-9 exam comes with instructions on what to do with a test booklet in case a student vomits on it.” Cizek is an education researcher and I believe his studies are in depth to the topic I am documenting. Assessment: I counsel a lot of kids and during the time and at the time of the testing I have seen more kids break down. Some wanting their parents to put them in private school to avoid the testing all together. Not only do they have to face the pressure of their appearance, lifestyle and passing grades our government place on them a test that judge there whole school...
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...Young Learners English P R AC TICE TESTS Teacher’s Notes Bryan Stephens Contents Exam information Activities Revision Preparation for Speaking Correction Using the complete tests Test 1 Lesson Plan Speaking tests Answer key Audioscript 1 2 4 6 8 8 9 16 31 37 Young Learners English Flyers Teacher’s Notes Young Learners English Flyers Practice Test Teacher’s Notes Exam information Cambridge ESOL (English for Speakers of Other Languages) have three levels of Young Learners English (YLE) exams designed for the 7–12 age group. Starters Movers Flyers 100 hours of English approx. 175 hours of English approx. 250 hours of English approx. all ages but typically from age 7 all ages but typically from 8–11 all ages but typically ages 9–12 The exam experience For many young children, a Cambridge ESOL YLE Test may be their first experience of doing an exam. It is possibly the first time they have had to travel to a different venue to sit a test. They might be emotional and distracted by unfamiliar surroundings. In some cases, it is even a big day out together with a trip to the city on the bus or train. If we give our students lots of practice, they will feel confident about what is expected of them in the test, and what they will have to do. In addition to preparing for task types, these four practice tests utilise language – both grammatical structures and vocabulary – that is in the ESOL Flyers syllabus. This book consolidates the language with Flyers-style usage...
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...what the numbers of your results were. I will also be addressing with you any questions or concerns that you may have and I will try to explain everything to you so that you are fully informed on what this test consisted of. I am here to help you understand what cholesterol is and what changes we can make to improve your health. I will begin by explaining to you what Cholesterol is and how it is produced. Cholesterol is a type of fat that can be found in the body and is a waxy type of material (Heart,2017). Mr. Brown, you may be wondering where and how cholesterol is produced. Well let me explain to you that cholesterol is produced by two things, one of those is your liver and also the food you eat. (Heart,2017). Mr. Brown did you also know that there are...
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...Complications within the Public School System California College San Diego ENG 101 Composition The Complications within the Public School System We as humans aren't standardized in our thought process so why are there curriculums? We send our young ones to school to set them up for their future. We invest time into our children whether it is at home or at a place where learning is the main objective. How much are we really getting out of the system if it is all standardized? It seems like the public school system is set up so that they push kids straight through without the proper materials or support they need to succeed. We need to focus on the student as a whole and not as a piece of the percentage. Lack of Funding Lack of funding affects the school public school system in many ways. Without the proper funding, the students do not get the proper books they need in order to participate in class. If a school doesn’t have enough money to buy the necessary amount of books, then kids are now sharing or using books with missing pages. In more well off school districts they don’t have those problems. In many American inner cities, there is a lack of funding in public schools resulting in the use of old, damaged textbooks and some teachers using personal funds to purchase new books. Pennsylvania is one state that has a history with a lack of funding issues. “Pennsylvania’s school districts were, and continue to be, highly dependent on the local wealth of their communities to...
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...testing standards in the basic skills that a child needs to succeed in school. These tests will help determine where a child may be struggling and requires more help in such areas. These tests are only done to certain grade levels throughout their years in school. This is not done every year to every grade. Children are tested annually in reading and math, a test in science during each type of schooling (elementary, middle, and high schools), and each school must have a group of 4th and 8th graders take a national assessment. The national assessment helps determine where the schools rank against other schools in the nation. (Seldman, 2011) For states to qualify for federal funding from the government, they must give these tests to children. There is no specific standard that each child must meet at a national level. Each state develops their own set of requirements that a child must meet. This act tries to make states be more responsible in providing good education for the children. The No Child Left Behind act has a lot of pros and cons that has come along with it. One of the bigger pros of this act would be that schools and teachers now have a higher level of accountability for their student’s education. Schools have their own set of accountability that they are held to. They have to pass yearly tests that show how the students have learned and grew between the testing periods. These yearly tests done by the school help determine the student improvement over the schools fiscal...
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...states testing has negative effects on students and teachers. With this comes the limit of education on students, and the teachers having a very strict guideline to teach. This shows how these tests do not live up to their full potential. Tests are proved to be biased towards higher classes of citizens in society. It is shown that low-income participants do worse, as well as students raised in poverty. Testing also shows to be narrow on curriculum, leaving little to no space for new things to be taught. With all of this, testing has many reasons to be considered negative. Testing shows to have harmful effects on both students and teachers. The time being spent on preparing for the tests limits the time being spent on the original content needed to be taught (Berliner, Nichols 3). Because of the restriction of teaching being based on high-stakes testing, the students affected do not learn as much as they could be if the teaching was evenly balanced, or if the teaching was not solely based on the preparation of tests. The unlawful use of tests complicates the job of instructors as well as the learning of schools as a whole (Schnader and Christison 1)....
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