...A Unified Theory of Software Testing This paper presents a theory, or model, for analyzing and understanding software test techniques. It starts by developing a theory for describing analytical test techniques, such as equivalence classes, pair-wise coverage and state modeling. It then develops the theory to cover other, more heuristic test techniques. This theory states that all testing techniques are composed of a modeling schemata, one or more coverage objectives, a dispersal strategy and a theory of error. All testing techniques address a fundamental problem of testing: vastly more tests are conceivable than you could possibly run. Each technique therefore consists of a method for modeling the software in a way that allows a coverage measure to be specified and achieved and a dispersal strategy that allows this to done efficiently. Testing theory has traditionally focused on the issue of coverage and the different ways to think of it (Kaner, 101 methods for code coverage). The obverse concept is dispersal, or a method for identifying and reducing tests that are "redundant". Take, for example, the pair-wise coverage technique. This technique is often applicable when the interaction of several independent inputs or configuration parameters create more combinations than is practical to test. Suppose you have an application that supports each of the following components: DATABASE Oracle DB2 SQLServer WEB SERVER IIS Apache Netscape APP SERVER WebSphere ...
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...QUICK TEST PROFESSIONAL 11 Table of Contents 1 Session 1 INTRODUCTION TO QTP 9.5 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Add-ins in 9.5 3 1.3 Use of Addins 3 1.4 Add-in Manager 4 1.5 Benefits of Automated Testing: 4 1.6 The 7 phases of QTP 5 1.6.1 Preparing to record 5 1.6.2 Recording a session on your application 5 1.6.3 Enhancing your test 6 1.6.4 Debugging your test 6 1.6.5 Running your test 6 1.6.6 Analysing the test results 6 1.6.7 Reporting defects 6 1.7 QTP Main Window 7 2 Recording Modes and Run Modes 11 2.1 Major steps before scripting 11 2.2 Exercise 11 2.3 Recording Modes 12 2.3.1 Normal 12 2.3.2 Analog 12 2.3.3 Low Level 14 2.4 Run Modes / Execution Modes / Playback Modes 15 2.4.1 Run Mode 15 2.4.2 Maintenance Run Mode 15 2.4.3 Update Mode 16 3 Session 3 17 3.1 Introduction 17 3.2 Object Repository Types 17 3.2.1 Local Object Repository 17 3.2.2 Shared Object Repository 18 3.2.3 How to associate Shared Repository 19 3.3 Object Repository Window 19 3.4 Exporting Local Objects to an Object Repository 20 3.5 Managing Shared Object Repository Associations: 20 3.6 Object Repository Manager 21 3.6.1 Performing Merge Operations 22 4 Section 4: SYNCHRONISING YOUR TEST 25 4.1 Synchronisation Options 25 4.1.1 Modifying Timeout Values 25 4.1.2 Adding Exist and Wait Statements 25 4.1.3 Creating Synchronisation Points 25 4.2 Exercise 26 4.2.1 Using Wait statement...
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...fiber-optic communications, which permits transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data rates) than other forms of communication. Fibers are used instead of metal wires because signals travel along them with less loss and are also immune to electromagnetic interference. How an Optical Fiber Works An Optical Fiber works on the principle of Total Internal Reflection. Light rays are reflected and guided down the length of an optical fiber. The acceptance angle of the fiber determines which light rays will be guided down the fiber. Types of fibre: Single mode OF:In single mode optical fibre only one mode of light is propagated.It is used for long distance application. DOF fibre:It is dispersion optimized single mode fiber and used for ultra long distance application. Multi Mode fibre:In multi mode the core size(50µm or 62.5 µm)is higher compare to single mode fibre and more than one mode of light can be propagated at a time.It is normally used for short distance application. Product Names of Fibres: 1. ON lite 2. PMD lite 3. BOW lite 4. DOF Lea 5. DOF-RS 6. DOF Metro 7. MM50 8. MM62.5 CORE DEPARTMENT It is headed by Mr. Nilay Mandal. There are 8 deposition machines,eight sinter,and four soaking machine. Its main function is to draw rod from glass preform. The process involves following steps: 1. Mandrel Preparation: It is made of Al2O3 and have length of 1500mm and dia of 1.5mm.O-ring used to grip...
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...communicated in separate modes. The goal of this project is to record any notable differences between performances of cognitive tests by unimodal bilinguals and bimodal bilinguals. As the question requires an experiment to answer, I will explain the details of the experiment, as well as research that has already been done on bimodal bilinguals (provided that there are substantial amounts of articles on the topic that don’t require...
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...single part number) that combines individual hydraulic components into an assembly. PCUs perform two critical functions: (1) they position the flight control surface in response to mechanical or electrical commands, and (2) they represent a principle structural element capable of withstanding flight loads and providing protection against flutter (unsteady, aerodynamic loads). The requirements of these two functions make PCU design a challenging task. At the heart of PCU is a servovalve and an actuator (servo actuator). The servovalve can be controlled by a flapper nozzle, jet pipe, solenoid, torque motor or mechanical linkage. Some PCUs contain only a servo actuator. However, PCUs often contain other components to meet performance and failure mode performance criteria. Other components typically found in PCUs are shutoff valves, pressure relief valves, input filter, check valves, and compensator. Another component that is often part of a PCU is one or more servos whose control is based on some performance criteria. These servos can be positioned electronically or by hydraulic pressure (where loss of hydraulic pressure allows a spring to position the servo). A simple PCU is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 Simple PCU Diagram This PCU shows the pressure input going through a filter to a shut off valve. If the shut off valve is open (as shown), then pressure is applied to a solenoid operated servovalve. When closed, the SOV ports pressure to return. The servovalve controls actuator...
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...Technology and Assessment S C Assessing Effects of Technology on Learning: Limitations of Today’s Standardized Tests Michael Russell & Jennifer Higgins Technology and Assessment Study Collaborative Boston College 332 Campion Hall Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 www.intasc.org Assessing Effects of Technology on Learning: Limitations of Today’s Standardized Tests Michael Russell & Jennifer Higgins Technology and Assessment Study Collaborative Boston College Released August 2003 Michael K. Russell, Project Director/Boston College Copyright © 2003 Technology and Assessment Study Collaborative, Boston College Supported under the Field Initiated Study Grant Program, PR/Award Number R305T010065, as administered by the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education. The findings and opinions expressed in this report do not reflect the positions or policies of the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, or the U.S. Department of Education. Assessing Effects of Technology on Learning: Limitations of Today’s Standardized Tests Michael Russell & Jennifer Higgins Technology and Assessment Study Collaborative Boston College Over the past decade, students’ use of computers...
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...Licensed to Coventry University Licensed from the SAE Digital Library Copyright 2010 SAE International E-mailing, copying and internet posting are prohibited Downloaded Friday, October 22, 2010 6:54:13 AM SAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2007-01-2320 Validation of Vehicle NVH Performance using Experimental Modal Testing and In-Vehicle Dynamic Measurements Jennifer M. Headley, Kuang-Jen J. Liu and Robert M. Shaver DaimlerChrysler Corporation Noise and Vibration Conference and Exhibition St. Charles, Illinois May 15-17, 2007 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A. Tel: (724) 776-4841 Fax: (724) 776-0790 Web: www.sae.org Author:Gilligan-SID:4494-GUID:38672946-193.61.107.151 Licensed to Coventry University Licensed from the SAE Digital Library Copyright 2010 SAE International E-mailing, copying and internet posting are prohibited Downloaded Friday, October 22, 2010 6:54:13 AM The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAE's peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. For permission and licensing requests contact: SAE Permissions 400 Commonwealth Drive...
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...analysis is the sales figures of Sunfeast biscuits in Kerala region as a whole, for a span of 3 years. The analysis has been done using quantitative methods and also performed hypothesis testing for a sample of data taken from the three years sales data. The population data consist of 36 sales figures taken for the years 2011-13 Below is the snapshot of the overall sales distribution (in tonnes) for Sunfeast for a span of three years: Below is the descriptive analysis done on the population data, consisting of three years sales figure from 2011-13 FY’s. Descriptive Statistics for Population Data | | | Mean | 1260613.249 | Standard Error | 31342.14415 | Median | 1262395.307 | Mode | #N/A | Standard Deviation | 188052.8649 | Sample Variance | 35363880006 | Range | 679897.672 | Minimum | 859243.22 | Maximum | 1539140.892 | Sum | 45382076.95 | Count | 36 | Mean and Standard Deviation: The average sales figure for three years is calculated to be 1260613.25T. The standard deviation is calculated to 188052.87T which shows the variation or deviation of the actual value from the average sales value. Sample Data Descriptive Analysis: A sample of 15 data is taken randomly from the above population data of 36 nos. and a descriptive analysis is done to find the mean, median, mode,...
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...Furthermore, function of statistics is presentation of fact, simplification of complexities, facilitating comparisons, facilitating the formulation of policies, widening of human knowledge, useful in testing the laws of other sciences, facilitates the forecasting, establishment of correlation between two facts. ( Madan kumar, 2014) Statistics provided methodology for understand, assessed and controlled the operation of the organization and thus promotes organization welfare. The facts based on statistical operation are considered to be most reliable and dependable. ( Madan kumar,...
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...| |UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN (UTAR) | | | | | |FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE (FBF) | Teaching Plan | |Unit Code & |UBEQ1123 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES II | | |Unit Title: | | | |Course of Study: |Bachelor of Commerce (Hons) Accounting | | | |Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons) | | | |Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Banking and Finance | | | |Bachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Entrepreneurship ...
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...|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |MTH/233 Version 2 | | |Statistics | Copyright © 2010, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course surveys descriptive and inferential statistics with an emphasis on practical applications of statistical analysis. The principles of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data are covered. It examines the role of statistical analysis, statistical terminology, the appropriate use of statistical techniques and interpretation of statistical findings through applications and functions of statistical methods. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to...
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...Chapter Overview This chapter introduces students to many of the activities carried out during implementation, including coding, testing, installation, documentation, user training, and support for a system after it is installed. While most systems development texts do not include much material on implementation, the authors remedy this situation by providing material on relevant management issues, including change management, organizational politics, and implementation success. The authors also include a discussion of implementation failure, something few systems developments texts discuss, despite the high rate of information systems failure. The discussion of failure is presented in the context of factors the analyst (and project manager) can control in an attempt to ensure success. One of Chapter 17’s goals is to show the student that implementation is neither simple nor mechanical. Throughout the textbook, the authors emphasize that systems development is a change process. For many users, the most obvious evidence of change comes during implementation. Once a new system has been coded, tested, and installed, the systems development team does not simply walk away. The organizational members left with the new system, the users, need a solid understanding of how the new system fits into their work lives and how the system can support them in their day-to-day work activities. User documentation, training, and continuing support are all parts of providing this solid...
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...| |UNIVERSITI TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN (UTAR) | | |FACULTY OF BUSINESS AND FINANCE (FBF) | | |Bachelor of Commerce (Hons) Accounting | Unit Plan | | | | | |Unit Code & |UBAF 2023 AUDITING | | |Unit Title: | | | | | | | |Course of Study: |Bachelor of Commerce (Hons) Accounting | | | | | | |Year...
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...Collection 4 Results and Interpretations Descriptive Statistics 5 A. Stem and Leaf Plot 7 B. Box Plot 8 C. Histogram 9 D. Probability 11 E. 95% Confidence Interval for Mean 13 F. Scatter plot 14 G. Simple Linear Regression 15 H. Multiple Linear regression 16 I. Residual plot 17 J. Mean T-test 18 Summary and Conclusions 19 Introduction and Background In medical device manufacturing there are a lot of proteins that are produced such as antibodies, which require concentration determination. These protein concentration determinations necessary for downstream manufacturing processes to make sure the correct protein concentrations are used to meet product specifications and product performance. In the testing areas there are several test methods used by the laboratory to determine protein concentration. One method is the Amino Acid Analysis method (AAA). This method takes the protein and “unzips” the DNA strand of the protein and analyzes the protein for the different Amino Acids, then calculates a theoretical protein concentration based on the testing. Another method employed is the UV absorbance method (A280), where UV light (wavelength 280) is passed through the sample and hits the detector on the other side of the sample, at which point a measurement is made. The instrument will then use the light reading to determine a protein concentration of the material. Protein concentration readings from...
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...discretion, however, to allow or disallow any student, to sit in the class in case of late arrivals. Attendance is not be entertained once the attendance register is closed. Class Project Students will be divided in groups for a class project. Each group will have to nominate a group leader. The details of the project will be made available to the group leader. Class Presentations Each student will have to make at least one individual presentation and one group presentation in the class. The group presentation will be on the project explained earlier. The individual presentations will start after first two weeks. Teaching Methodology Students are expected to come prepared to the classes and to keep a proactive mode of study of the topics to be discussed in classes. Class presentations will be made by the teacher to build conceptual framework of the subject along with interactive discussions with the students. Students are encouraged to participate...
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