...Imagine this situation: a new company is testing an eye care product on a subject. In the test, a substance is placed in one eye of the subject, with the other eye serving as a control. The subjects are restrained, preventing them from responding naturally to the irritation, and their eyes are evaluated after one hour and then at 24-hour intervals for up to 14 days. Some continue to be evaluated up to three weeks later. The level of irritation to the eyes is scored numerically by observation of the three major tissues of the eye (cornea, conjunctiva, and iris). The subjects suffer from redness, bleeding, ulcers, and even blindness, and are likely killed upon completion of the experiment. The subjects were in fact rabbits in tests called “animal testing.” Animal testing has raised huge debates worldwide that has raised many questions. How important is animal testing for us humans? Are the results going to be the same? Most importantly, should we ban animal testing for the sake of the animals? Animal testing is a phrase that most people have heard but are perhaps still unsure of exactly what is involved. Whether it is called animal testing, animal experimentation or animal research, it refers to the experimentation carried out on animals. It is used to assess the safety and effectiveness of everything from medication to cosmetics, as well as understanding how the human body works. Animal testing, also known as animal research, plays a crucial role in scientists' understanding of...
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...Humans have used animals for different uses. They have been used for food, clothing farm work and a variety of other uses. So using them to test new medical advances is different. Animal testing for medical purpose help saves lives and future generations. Animal testing should be continued for the use within the medical field. The ancient Greeks believed that animals were created by the gods to be used however people wish. The Bible says God gave man dominions “over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and over every creeping things that creeps on the earth” (Genesis 9:1-3). The ancient Greeks and Romans influenced the laws of western civilization. The western civilization had no laws saying what you could not do to an animal no matter how cruel or unnecessary the act was (Thorburn). To some people animals have no rights at all while to others animals have rights and should not fell unnecessary pain and suffering. The people who believe animals have no rights; and use them just for their benefits but there is a line that should not be crossed animals do have feelings and some rights. The new movement of animal right groups has some good points like human like primates should not be used in testing like chimpanzees. The first law put in place by western civilizations was in the Massachusetts Bay colony. The law states that it is illegal to exercise any tyranny or cruelty towards any animal which are kept for use by humans...
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...¬¬¬Animal testing is always on the debate through the past century with the rapid development of technology and medication industry. Animals are used in generally three purposes Biomedical and behavior research, Education, and Drug and product testing. With the development of these industries, animal testing becomes a hot topic. On one side, people tries to protect animals since they think all the organisms are equal. On the other side however, scientist and some anthropologists who stand on human’s perspective point out that all the efforts we have paid to try to be nice to animals are just because we are humans and we are the dominant force on this earth. The better position should be --- we as humans should protect animals since they live on the same planet as we do, but the first priority of all the creatures are to survive which is very cruel but very true. Therefore, humans have the right to make their lives better by conducting a certain level of animal testing. Animal testing is essential for human beings to cure their diseases. The record of animal would be traced back to at least 2000 years ago with the first record made in the third century B.C. In Egypt, philosopher and scientist Erisistratus used animals to study body functions. About five centuries later, the roman physician Galen proved that theory by conducting an animal test and finally uncovered the mask of body function (Research Animals, History, n.d). According to the FBR, (Foundation for Biomedical Research)...
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...Animal testing is use of animals in experimental ways for the benefit of biomedical research, and it has been a topic long argued about. To every argument, there are two sides: The American Medical Association (AMA) and the People for the Ethical Treatment of Humans (PETA). AMA’s opinion on the topic states that animal testing is necessary, while PETA highly discriminates it. These two major groups of people have been “at war” with each other on this topic of animal testing in biomedical research for decades. The AMA has recently published an article on this topic titled “Use of Animals in Biomedical Research.” AMA’s argument in this article is effective, they use persuasive techniques to support their claim, and their evidence is clear; however, the author fails to make some of his counterarguments convincing. AMA’s claim convinces you that animal testing is needed for biomedical research in many different, but persuasive ways. For example, they express that without all of the information gathered from animal testing, either man kind will be tested on, or we wouldn’t have the health benefits and treatments for diseases that we have today. In this statement, the author uses appeal to fear, by stating that humans everywhere will pay the price in terms of human pain and suffering, thus increasing fear and prejudice towards the audience. Another way the author uses persuasive techniques to support the claim, is by saying that there are limitations to the use of human subjects such...
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...The number of animals killed each year in the United States alone varies between 17 and 70 million. The Animal Welfare Act (ACA) states that laboratories must report the number of animals used in experiments; yet mice, birds, and rats are not included in this figure. These animals are used in 80 to 90 percent of all animal testing. Because of this, it is impossible to calculate the exact number of animals used in such experiments (PETA, 5). Animal testing might not directly affect ordinary people each day or be an issue on everybody’s mind, yet the actions people do daily can affect animal experimentation. This has been a worldwide issue and an ongoing battle for decades. Vivisection, the practice of lab experimenting on live animals, has been around since the beginning of scientific medicine. It is an alternative to the dissection of human corpses, which resulted from religious leaders’ protests (Choose Cruelty Free). There are numerous reasons why people and organizations want animal testing changed. People of all nations and religions argue differently on this topic. Yet the main factor in deciding the moral correctness of animal experimentation is one’s personal belief. No matter which side a person takes on this topic, they feel there are several things that must be done to benefit their stance and its publicity. A group in opposition of animal testing is the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). Their main claim is put as, “Animals are not ours to...
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...Animal Testing According to Utilitarianism, Animal testing is morally good because it brings about great utility. Animal testing has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments. As a consequence of the polio vaccine, tested on animals, it reduced the global occurrence of the disease from 350,000 cases in 1988 to 223 cases in 2012. Around 2.5 million women walk on the breast for cancer survivor walkathon with great happiness. Happiness is increased because all those family members who had to see suffering: a mom go through chemotherapy, a son who has no energy left after dialysis to be a kid, a husband who has to see his wife work double shift to pay for his medication, now can be at peace as a consequence of animal testing. The annual income of an American is about $24,062; multiply it by how many people benefit from a vaccine dealing life or death and it is a very big net gain for the country. The numbers of animals tested does not surpass the life long pleasure it brings to people’s lives. Animals are appropriate research subjects because they are similar to human beings in many ways. Chimpanzees share 99% of their DNA with humans, and mice are 98% genetically similar to humans. Animal testing produces a greater outcome for many by great advancement in technology. Animals themselves benefit from the goodness of animal testing because vaccines are used to heal them too. If vaccines were not tested on animals, millions of animals would have died from rabies, distemper...
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...Animal Testing Over 70 million animals die each year from animal testing. Although many animals have died during the course of animal testing, many things have been improved or have benefitted from animal testing including medicine. Animal testing also affects everyone in more than one way. Animals are not just used for testing in the United States; they are used all over the world for animal testing. Animal testing is a social justice issue that has improved medical research, but has resulted in the killing of many animals. Animal testing is the testing of cosmetic products, cleaning products, agricultural research, dog and cat food trials, weapons tests, aerospace studies, and car crash simulations (PETA). One might feel animal testing is cruel, but almost the whole world has benefitted from vaccines. It has also led to the treatment of some diseases. Animal testing can sometimes end with mixed outcomes. Many people have died because drugs or treatments that have successfully passed tests conducted on animals have failed on humans. Many alternatives to animal testing exist. Some alternatives include using computer models and using tissue cultures in research. During some of the experiments, some animals are given medicine so the animals do not feel pain or distress. However, thousands are not. The experiments preformed can be painful, damaging, and deadly to the animals used (B 5-9). Animal testing is an issue all around the world. In Great Britain, more than 2.5 million...
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...Animal Testing: Pros and Cons An Exploratory Research Paper Dallin P. Curtis Arizona State University Main Body "There will come a day when such men as myself will view the slaughter of innocent creatures as horrible a crime as the murder of his fellow man- Our task must be to free ourselves- by widening our circle of compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole nature and its beauty." -Albert Einstein (1879-1955). Animal testing is an issue in today's general public that, regardless if anybody understands it, does influence each of us. Is some some testing needed by law? Medical advances, for example, transplants, antibodies, and drugs were all tried on animals before they were utilized on people. However, does government law guarantee that creatures utilized as a part of examination and testing are dealt with compassionately? Today there are a lot of individuals who are against animal testing in lab research. Frequently asking what are other options for utilizing animals as a part of therapeutic studies? Animal testing is expected to advance the wellbeing of people, yet the procedures often include hurting innocent creatures. The individuals who are for animal testing for the most part bolster investigative examination and medical advancement. The two principle ideals with respect to animal testing is that it is heartless and oppressive to creatures, while others feel that there are insufficient willing individuals that organizations need to better help...
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... Should Animals be used for Research During the past ten years, a major controversy over the use of animals in biomedical and behavioral research has arisen. The debate about using animals for medical testing has been ongoing for years. The struggle is usually between animal rights activists and scientist. I believe that animal testing is imperative to the progression of medical cures, procedures and drugs. Scientists have been solving medical problems, developing new techniques and treatments, and curing diseases by using animals in biomedical research. Animal rights advocates believe that animals should not be exploited by humans, and that animals have the same rights as humans. Anti-vivisectionists oppose the use of animals in medical research. They believe that medical researchers are cruel and inhumane. Animal Welfare does not oppose all use of animals in research. They oppose inhumane and unnecessary use of animals and fight to eliminate pain and suffering of animals. On the Contrary, scientists argue that animal research is necessary because it helps them develop medications, vaccines, or new procedures to treat or prevent diseases for both humans and animals. Most research projects either do not involve pain or the pain is alleviated with analgesic or anesthetic drugs. They understand that pain causes stress for the animals, and this stress can seriously affect the results of the study. With all these controversies about this issue, why are animals necessary...
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...Animal Testing Traditionally, animals have been used to ensure the safety of our consumer products and drugs. Yet around the world, scientists, regulators and animal protectionists work together to develop alternatives to their use. The use of animals in the life sciences dates back to ancient Greece and the earliest medical experiments. To learn about swallowing, physicians cut open into the throat of a living pig. To study the beating heart, they cut open into its chest. For centuries physicians and researchers used animals to enhance their knowledge about how the various organs and systems of the body functioned, as well as to hone their surgical skills. As long as animals have been used in experiments, people have expressed concerns about such research. Questions about the morality, necessity, and scientific validity of animal experiments have arisen since those ancient physicians first began to study bodily functions. Alternatives are methods, which refine existing tests by minimizing a! nimal distress, reduce the number of animals necessary for an experiment or replace whole animal use with vitro or other tests. While vivisection has received more attention and funding, clinical and epidemiological (studying the natural course of disease within human population) studies have had a much more profound impact on human health. In fact, clinical and epidemiological evidence linking smoking to lung cancer was established long before warnings of the dangers of smoking...
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...with the use of animals in research (maximum 200 words or 2/3 if images of the correct injection sites are included pages) “Open the cages and we will know if they wish to participate”-Sapontzis. Public concern over animal rights has led to many ethical controversies when it comes to research using animals. Science today has definitely benefited from experimentation on animals, especially the likes of biomedical sciences. Research on animals has led to many innovations and a finer understanding of mechanisms behind human medicines which may have been synthesized or discovered accidently. But of course, there’s has been a huge controversy over ethical issues of using living beings for research purposes. "Speciesism”: morally and ethically wrong to treat other species harshly/callously or even just differently on the bases that they are not (in this case) Homo sapiens. Speciesism is the main factor of such ethical issue being raised. Concerned people think rights of animals should be considered and also their consent must be counted i.e. don’t experiment on them. Many critics worry about losing humanity due to this universal issue, they have a theory that working with animals that suffer continuously can deaden emotions of many researcher and so say that this could be a step away from being comfortable with human suffering, they believe an individual could be ‘mentally’ affected when working consistently with lab animals. Also, pain would cause animal to be under stress...
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...questions, then you have consumed a product that has been tested on animals. Animal testing is a phrase that many people may come into contact with, but are unsure of what it really means. Some individuals have very misguided notions of what they believe it is. They think it deals with torturing helpless animals. What is animal testing? It is the use of non-human animals in experiments and lab settings. Now that you know that those brands use animal testing and have a better understanding of what animal testing is, do you vow to stop using those products because you are strongly against animal experimentation? If you answered yes, then you’re also going to have to stop using Clearasil, Crest, Febreeze, Neutrogena, Tide, and a ton of other merchandises. In the interest of preserving human health and progress, government should continue to allow strictly monitored and regulated animal testing because it is the best alternative to human testing, is essential for safety reasons, and is beneficial to advancing biological and medical knowledge Don’t be fooled when products claim to be “cruelty free” or “not tested on animals”, because although this claim may refer to the final product, many of the ingredients have in fact been tested on animals. Animal testing has been and will probably continue to be a very controversial issue where both sides are passionate in what they believe in. Let’s face it, animal experimentation is integral to our everyday lives. “A survey conducted...
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...[Professor Name] [Course Number] [Date] Scientists say animal testing is unethical and should be prohibited A good or sound argument makes a claim and offers reasons and evidence in support of that claim. It also anticipates opposing viewpoints and acknowledges, accommodates, and/or refutes them. Think about your audience and what you feel they need to hear, the subject you feel is of greatest concern to your audience, and discover what most affects your audience. You will begin this assignment by thinking of three topics. I and your classmates will help you choose the strongest of those. You will need to consider the assignment, but you will also need to recognize this is not an “issue” paper. You will need to consult the Taboo List. From the point of topic selection, you research will begin. I will be giving you some sp We will be covering the many components of argument in upcoming meetings. Argument is a big subject, and we will be taking our time covering elements of proof, logic, fallacies, and counter argument. Document Type: Argumentative essay Style: MLA Actual Order Pages: 3 References: 6 Academic Level: Masters Subject Type: English Language: US English Line Spacing: Double (Standard) Font Face: Times New Roman Word Count: 825 Sources / References: 1- Two books- Salem Press, EBSCOhost eBooks or Google Books, etc. 2- Two online sources- Google Scholar, JSTOR, EBSCOhost or government sources (Census Bureau, Centers for Disease Control...
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...Taylor Petty 12/2/2015 English 099 Mr. Adamoschek Is it cruel to use Animals to Test Human products? Approximately 225 million animals are used for testing every year. Billions have been killed in the process. ("Questions and Answers About Biomedical Research.”) How can this be allowed? Isn’t it cruel to use animals to test products for humans? Many animal rights activists say, “yes” to this question. However, scientists argue it is necessary and animal research can help save human lives. There are probable arguments for both sides. But the dangers of using animals to test products for human use weighs an even greater risk than not using the animals. Alternatives are much more ethical. Over the years, scientists have used animals to test the toxicity of products being produced for humans. Their argument is clear: that animals can be helpful in aiding to provide advances in human health and new drug findings. Animal testing has helped find some medicines to fight cancer, as well as other medicines now used, for example: Insulin, antibiotics and HIV drugs. It is this very reason that scientists and others support the testing of animals. In fact, there are even some people that will support the use of medical research on animals but they do not support the use of animals for cosmetics to be tested on. Another aspect they tend to want people to take into consideration is that animal testing helps ensure the safety of drugs being used as well as other substances humans...
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...Journal #1 Word Count – Animal Testing In the world of psychological research, using animals for research testing is a great thing. Scientist have developed and proven many theories through this research. For this journal assignment I read several articles on animal testing and was amazed at the things we as humans have gained through research. We developed cures for major forms of sickness including Tuberculosis, Meningitis, and Parkinson’s disease. As well as perfecting blood transfusions using pigs and the development of insulin using dogs which was later introduced to humans in 1922. So with all these great things coming from research testing on animals, why would people still have a problem with it? Some say it is inhumane to use animals for this but how many human lives would have been lost without the development of cures for some of the diseases mentioned above. Penicillin, which was developed from animal research testing, has saved over two hundred million lives since its discovery in 1928. I love animals just as much as the next person but the number of human lives that have been saved, in my opinion, outweigh the cons of animal testing. On the subject of “if animal testing is ethical or unethical” my opinion is not as strong, mainly because myself and most other people do not know exactly how the experiments are ran. According to the APA, scientists have a strict code of ethics that each must uphold when it comes to animals testing or they will lose their job;...
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