...United States Supreme Court Case Research Paper Texas v. Johnson The American flag. It’s arguably the most iconic American symbol. Even our national anthem includes the reference“whose broad stripes and bright stars”. In this song, lyricist Francis Scott Key isn't just mentioning how the flag looked at the time. He’s alluding to a deeper meaning. This flag is not only a symbol of a country, but of a brave and heroic people who defend their country’s citizens and freedoms. This illustrates the sacrality of the flag- it represents a lot more than miles of land. It represents thousands of lives lost for American citizens of all ages, colors and genders, and thousands of more lives that will be lost. The American flag is a venerated object, a national treasure- and it should be treated as such. However, Gregory Lee Johnson had a different opinion. Johnson’s unpatriotic actions in the state of Texas led to the infamous court case of Texas v. Johnson....
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...HOW LOCAL GOVERNMENT OPERATES A Research Paper Presented to ***(instructor) In Partial Fulfillment in *****(subject) by ****(name) **** (date) HOW LOCAL GOVERNMENT OPERATES I. INTRODUCTION A local government refers to the governmental center of specific relatively smaller area. It is the main administrative workplace for all the transactions happen in that area. It is the center for all the negotiations. According to Wells (1939), it is the place where all necessary local dealings and connections together with its people meets and negotiates. As compare to a state or province, the area being governed by a local government covers as smaller proportion of land proper such as city, county, town or municipality. According to Kemp (1999), a “city includes similar municipal political entities such as municipalities, towns, townships and boroughs.” However, according to him, a county “are administrative arms of state that provide general government services such as courts, jails, law enforcements, land records, vital statistics, public health welfare and roads. As a state is being governed by its head, commonly known as governor, a city or municipality, however, is presided over by its elected authority known as the mayor. The local government serves as a place for local affairs and interactions by those who are locally selected authority. It also refers to the legitimate organization of people, who are locally elected by the...
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...Rockwood Law 331 Sec 01 “Constitution and Levinson Ideal” After the United States gained Independence on July 4th 1776, there was a need for a new rule on law and basic rights. The foundation of our country needed an official document to be established and written for future generations and for concrete reference. The original idea regarding the document, was thought necessary to be drafted from the Articles of Confederation, but later this idea was deterred. The Constitution was created on new precedent and adopted on September 17th, 1787. Our Constitution was written to be the backbone of our established government “for the people by the people”. According to the Independence Hall Association’s website, our country has the second oldest active Constitution in the world, behind the “1600 Statutes of San Marino”.(1) The Constitution has had Amendments conjoining or slightly altering it’s contents. But overall, The Constitution is arguably the same document at it’s core as when it was originally ratified. Sanford Levinson, in his book “Our Undemocratic Constitution”, pushes for the idea of another constitutional convention to revolutionize what he calls “hardwired” defects in the Constitution. These “hardwired” defects are whittled in the constitution’s grain and cannot be solved through even the most farfetched interpretation. A main theme of his book is based on the almost impossible but more than improbable process of amending the Constitution let alone holding his envied...
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...TermPaperWarehouse.com - Free Term Papers, Essays and Research DocumentsThe Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Search Ron Paul Biography In: People Ron Paul Biography Dr. Ronald Ernest "Ron" Paul was born in 20th August, 1935 and was raised in his town of birth Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. While in high school, where he served as the president of the student council, he met and married, in his last year in Gettysburg College, his wife Carol. Upon his graduation in 1957, the young couple moved to Durham, North Carolina, and while there, Ron attended the Duke University School of Medicine, where he pursued a medical degree and attained it in 1961.Paul and his family then moved to Detroit, Michigan, where Paul did his internship and residency at the Henry Ford Hospital from 1961 to 1962.In the years 1963 to 1965, Paul served as a doctor in the United States Air Force, where he served as a flight surgeon. In the years 1965 to 1968, he served with the United States Air National Guard. In the year 1968, Paul and his wife moved to Texas, where he began his medical practice, and specialized in obstetrics and gynaecology and proceeded to deliver more than 4000 babies. In addition, Paul and his wife have five children, besides him being a best-selling author and a qualified physician. Ron Paul began his political career in the year 1974, where he made a Congressional bid and failed. However, in 1976, a special election that sought to replace resigned Representative...
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...State of Texas v. Hopwood HRM552 Stephanie Romagnoli State of Texas v. Hopwood The paper summarizes the case of Hopwood v. State of Texas and the court’s ruling. It covers the meaning for the organization in the case study and businesses in general, and the legal precedence the ruling sets for most businesses. It also outlines the role the federal enforcement agency plays in ensuring the organization's compliance with regulation standards. Case summary The Hopwood case, named for lead plaintiff Cheryl Hopwood, involved four White students who sued the law school after being denied admission to of the University of Texas at Austin. They successfully argued that the law school discriminated against them by admitting less qualified African American and Mexican American applicants for admission through use of a quota system, therefore violating the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which requires equal protection under the law (Andrews & Martin, 1998). The University initiated this affirmative action program in response to a history of discrimination against African Americans and Mexican Americans in the state of Texas (Byars, and Rue, 2008). The court’s ruling Affirmative action is a government policy that seeks to remedy old discrimination directed at particular groups, including women, racial and ethnic minorities. The primary purpose of these policies and programs is to increase access to opportunities for higher education, employment, government...
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...Abortion One of the most fought, controversial social issues in America is Abortion which is the medical procedure that is performed to terminate a pregnancy. Abortion is a huge moral issue in America that poses the question if it morally right or wrong. The research conducting in this paper will take a look at should abortion be legal or illegal, the Roe v. Wade case that has legalized abortion, the negative effects on woman who have an abortion, and the protest from those in the Christian religious community. Abortion is a medical procedure that is performed to end a pregnancy. Also known as induced abortion, because there are two types of abortion the other being spontaneous abortion, which is a miscarriage; “that occurs when a fetus or embryo dies in the mother's uterus and is expelled by the body” (Alters, Sandra M, 2008). Since pregnancy is lengthen by 9 months and is broken into 3 trimester each having 3 months, according to Sandra M. Alters in her 2008 published book entitled “Abortion—An Eternal Social And Moral Issue”, in 2003 88% of all induced abortions were performed during the first twelve weeks, or first trimester, of the pregnancy. There are two types of ways to have an induced abortion, one being the medial procedure, two the new found medication intake that allows one to take two pills few hours apart in one day. The result of the pill method is one day the pills are taken, the next day you deliver the dead fetus. According to an article written about Jennie...
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...THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT SAN ANTONIO POL 1133Q TEXAS POLITICS AND SOCIETY Instructor: Ward S. Albro, Ph.D. Class Sections and Hours: Section 002, 8:30-9:45 MW in MH2.01.40 and Section 003, 10-11:15 MW in UC2.02.02 Office and Office Hours: MS4-03-18 at 7:30-8:15 and 11:15-Noon MW and other times by appointment Email: via Blackboard Learn or ward.albro@utsa.edu COURSE DESCRIPTION This course involves the analysis of Texas government institutions, political behaviors, civic engagement, and their political and philosophical foundations. Topics may include discussions of the Texas and U.S. Constitutions; the role of the state and federal system; the diverse demographic, economic, and cultural bases of state politics; elections, interest groups, and elites; and legislative, executive, judicial, urban, and county politics. Considerable time is devoted to thinking about how those components fit together, and how they shape the nature and importance of citizenship and civic engagement in Texas. STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES Upon completion of this course students should be able to: 1. Explain the origin and development of constitutional democracy in Texas. 2. Demonstrate an understanding of our federal system and how it impacts Texas. 3. Describe separation of powers as well as checks and balances in both theory and practice. 4. Demonstrate knowledge of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of our state. 5. Evaluate the role of public opinion...
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...U.S. History and Constitution HIS120 Student Learning Outcomes (SLO) At the end of the course, students will be able to: SLO1. Describe the cultural, geographic and climatic influences on Native American societies. SLO2. Compare and contrast religious, social and cultural differences among the major European settlers. SLO3. Describe the events that helped create American nationalism and lead to the American Revolution. SLO4. Explain the Constitutional Convention, the Articles of Confederation, and the emergence of a democratic nation. SLO5. Explain the U.S. Constitution as it related to the separation of powers, checks and balances, the Bill of Rights, and the major principles of democracy. SLO6. Evaluate the Jeffersonian dream of expansion and its effect on Native Americans SLO7. Describe Jacksonian democracy and the creation of a two party system SLO8. Explain slavery and associated issues that led to the Civil War and its aftermath. Module Titles Module 1—Early American exploration and colonization (SLO1) Module 2—British colonies (SLO2) Module 3—Road to the Revolution and the American Revolution (SLO3) Module 4—Early Republic (SLO4 and SLO5) Module 5—Jacksonian America (SLO 6 and SLO7) Module 6—Road to the Civil War (SLO8) Module 7—Civil War (SLO8) Module 8—Shaping American history: Signature Assignment (all SLOs) Module 1 Early Exploration and Contact with Native Americans Welcome to HIS 120: U.S....
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...Of all the areas of electoral reform which are debated at present, the most hotly contested area is perhaps the electoral college. Indeed, there are ways that the current electoral college of the United States of America can be improved through reform, but how? Article 2, Section 1 of the United States Constitution states: “Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled to Congress;” (“The Constitution”). Because this section commands broadly that the “State” shall elect the electors of the president, this part of the Constitution, since the ratification of the Constitution, has been misconstrued...
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...The complex and dynamic realm of health care has generated a need to focus on cultural change to improve health care quality. To overcome a decade of difficulties and implement a program for improving their quality, the University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth (UNTHSC) began a journey to change the culture of their organization. Using the change model the new president initiated measures to revise the quality improvement program and strategies for meeting regulatory and accreditation standards. Many barriers interfered with the process but actions were executed to overcome these obstacles (Ransom, Joshi, Nash, & Ransom, 2008). This paper will describe the cultural change journey of UNTHSC through unfreezing their old culture and laying the foundation for a new culture of quality. Measures to Monitor and Revise Quality Program Implementation The measures used to monitor and revise quality program implementation foster changing the organizational structure of an institution. The UNTHSC at Forth Worth decided to institute cultural changes as a form of monitoring and influencing the change process. The initial element of the measurement process incorporated administrative, academic, clinical practice, research application, financial elements, and community goals. A baseline measure was associated with current levels of operations. The management team was held accountable in regard to focusing on four areas of measurement. These areas included...
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...First Amendment Research Paper: Freedom of Speech During the time the Constitution was being written, freedom of speech was mainly focused on political speech. People wanted the opportunity to express their ideas and opinions about the government without being reprimanded or unheard. People feared that if the government was able to censor unfavorable viewpoints, they would eventually form a politically powerful population and oppress those who did not share the same mindset. Along with concerns about political speech, freedom of religious speech was a common desire. Previous incidents in English and Colonial history had occurred where certain religious views were prohibited and the people wanted to make sure that they were safe from the government’s restrictions. During his speech to the First Congress on June 8, 1789, James Madison proposed the Freedom of Speech idea to congress. He included several amendments that specifically addressed the concerns of Anti-Federalists that certain rights were not strongly protected by the Constitution. Madison said in his speech, “The people shall not be deprived or abridged of their right to speak, to write, or to publish their sentiments.” Congress agreed with this idea and it became part of the first amendment. Madison continued with, “No state shall violate the equal rights of conscience, or of the press.” Congress did not like this and thought that only the federal government should be prohibited from restricting certain rights,...
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...for any one person. This was especially true of the “enhanced interrogations” used by the Bush administration at the beginning of the War on Terror. What this paper plans to do is to explain the four greatest players in this policy of enhanced interrogations, what each player brought to the table, and how each player impacted the final policy of the administration. One of the biggest problems of the war on terror has been what to do with the battle field detainees. The questions faced by those in charge were, and are, how to balance the need for timely, accurate information from those that would do us harm, and still follow treaties this country is signed on to and our own law when it comes to interrogation. The 8th Amendment of the constitution reads in whole: Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted, (U.S. Const. amend. VIII) This Amendment to our Constitution is the basis for crime and punishment in the United States. It is one of the first places we look when setting up a structure for dealing with imprisonment in the United States. The Constitution, being such an important institutional idea in the United States necessarily means that those who interpret the Constitution, the Judiciary, are huge players in this debate. The Constitution is the design by...
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...THESES AND DISSERTATIONS Research and Graduate Studies Texas A&M University-Kingsville Kingsville, Texas 78363 (361) 593-2808 SPRING 2011 COPYRIGHT PRIVILEGES BELONG TO RESEARCH AND GRADUATE STUDIES Reproduction of this THESIS MANUAL requires the written permission of the Graduate Dean. FOREWORD The nature of a research study should be one in which the investigation leads to new knowledge or enhancement of existing knowledge in the student's field of study, either through acquisition of new data or re-examination and interpretation of existing data. At the graduate level, all students should learn how new knowledge is created, how experimentation and discovery are carried out, and how to think, act and perform independently in their discipline. Depending upon the degree to which the discipline has an applied orientation, the student can demonstrate mastery of the discipline through means such as research papers, literature reviews, artistic performances, oral/written presentations or case studies. The doctoral dissertation is viewed in academia as the ultimate model of documentation of the student's research. The characteristics of dissertation research include the theoretical background, description of the problem, the method which was used to solve the problem, interpretation of results and explanation of their significance. The student is expected to produce a product of excellent quality which reflects the originality of the research. The dissertation should be...
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...Abstract This paper examines whether or not the death penalty is a deterrent to crime in general and more specific, it examines if the death Penalty is a deterrent to those who commit murder. Comparisons were made of states that have the death penalty and how it impacts crime in general whether the fact of having the death penalty makes citizens safer with potential killers knowing that the death penalty awaits them should they kill someone. It also examines if someone commits murder if giving the chance would they repeat the offense. In our democratic country, we believe that you have rights, that everyone has rights, that every person is entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. These basic human rights are safeguarded in the Constitution. In our country, we are expected to acknowledge the rights of others. Therefore, if someone disrespects or abuses the legal rights of others, it is not only wrong but illegal as well. People who steal your money or burn down your house or kidnap you go to jail when they are caught. That’s what happens to criminals who take away your liberty or your pursuit of happiness. But what should we do when a criminal deprives you of the most precious right – the right to live? Should the murderer simply go to jail, just the same as any other criminal? Should the killer of a love one, a father or sister or brother or mother simply be allowed to spend a few years in jail before...
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...Bolivia History, Economics & Politics | | | | | 2/21/2013 | | In this research paper I will be discussing three topics of the country of Bolivia. The three topics that I will be discussing is history of Bolivia during the 20th century, the current economic situation, and the politics of the country of Bolivia. The first topic that I am going to discuss is 20th century history of Bolivia. A major turning point in the history of this country is the Chaco War. This took place from 1932 to 1935. This was a war between Paraguay and Bolivia over a region that was known for being rich in oil. Paraguay defeated Bolivia which cost the lives of many Bolivians and the oil rich territory. The conflict also discredited their government. From 1941 to 1964 the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement, or MNR along with President Paz Estenssoro were the government figures that ruled Bolivia. This movement was the most important political party during the 20th century. This political party started out as a leftist/reformist party but has since moved sharply to the right. From 1965 to 2005 Bolivia struggled with electing a president that would be good for economy until they elected President Evo Morales. During the 1900’s indigenous people were not treated like they were citizens of Bolivia. Their living conditions were deplorable and they were forced to work under primitive conditions in the mines and on estates. They were also denied access to education, economic...
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