...Jamestown JSTOR Article Analysis Learning Historical Skills through JSTOR PROVIDE TEXTUAL EVIDENCE FOR EVERY SINGLE QUESTION. 1. What is the topic of the article and what conclusion(s) does the author reach? PROVIDE TEXTUAL EVIDENCE The topic of the article is how the colonists struggled to live in North America “ During the course of that year, desperation had driven the men, women, and children at Jamestown to eat "doggs Catts Ratts” (Bernhard, 611). and myce," not to mention human flesh.49 The conclusions the author made was that the colonist really had a hard time surviving and the woman and children were a lot more important than most people thought they would be “"the quality of life at Jamestown in the first two decades was severely limited by the absence of women and children," (Bernhard,114). 2....
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...Laboratory Report Magnetism Report from laboratory experiments conducted on 11/02/11 as part of PHSC0152 Sec. 02 Sharon Cameron 11/17/11 1. Aim You will familiarize Yourself with several different kinds of magnets. They will observe the forces of attraction and repulsion between the different poles. I will introduce and we will experiment with the forces of magnetism, electromagnetism 2. Apparatus Magnets, batteries, compasses, suspended magnet, permanent magnet, iron filings, electromagnet, nails, straight wire. 3. Theory Everything in the universe is made of atoms—they are the building blocks of the universe. Atoms are so small that millions of them would fit on the head of a pin. Atoms are made of even smaller particles. The center of an atom is called the nucleus. It is made of particles called protons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons are very small, but electrons are much, much smaller. Electrons spin around the nucleus in shells a great distance from the nucleus. If the nucleus were the size of a tennis ball, the atom would be the size of the Empire State Building. Atoms are mostly empty space. If you could see an atom, it would look a little like a tiny center of balls surrounded by giant invisible bubbles (or shells). The electrons would be on the surface of the bubbles, constantly spinning and moving to stay as far away from each other as possible. Electrons are held in their shells by an electrical force. The protons and...
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...Three test sets were employed in the experiments. One is the test set described in section [???], the “TEST 3”. The other two are test sets with “in-domain” content on the completely same speech utterances, but with slightly different transcriptions. The difference is that in the first - “TEST 1”, numerical values are represented as digits, while in the second one - “TEST 2” the they are represented as words. This was done to see the influence of the general purpose models where the digits are seldom represented in the language model and the corresponding dictionary. The “in-domain” speech (TEST 1 and 2) was recorded by 20 different speakers (13 male and 7 female) among them 2 non-native German speakers. The experiments were divided into following categories where new LMs are produced: Adaptation of the general purpose language models (“freespeech” and “sdewac”) with the transcriptions of the TEST2 “in-domain”...
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...user's interaction as simple and efficient as possible, in terms of accomplishing user goals—what is often called user-centered design. Good user interface design facilitates finishing the task at hand without drawing unnecessary attention to itself. Graphic design may be utilized to support its usability. The design process must balance technical functionality and visual elements (e.g., mental model) to create a system that is not only operational but also usable and adaptable to changing user needs. OBJECTIVES: The main objectives of user interface design are: * To suggest some general design principles for user interface design * To explain different interaction styles and their use * To explain when to use graphical and textual information presentation * To explain the principal activities in the user interface design process (interaction activities) * To introduce usability attributes and approaches to system evaluation USER INTERFACE: * System users often judge a system by its interface rather than its functionality * A poorly designed interface can cause a user to make catastrophic errors * Poor user interface design is the reason why so many software systems are never used * Most users of business systems interact with these systems through graphical user interfaces (GUIs) * In some cases, legacy text-based interfaces are still used UI DESIGN PRINCIPLES: UI design must take account of the needs, experience and capabilities of...
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...Opinion Mining Using Econometrics: A Case Study on Reputation Systems Anindya Ghose Panagiotis G. Ipeirotis Arun Sundararajan Department of Information, Operations, and Management Sciences Leonard N. Stern School of Business, New York University {aghose,panos,arun}@stern.nyu.edu Abstract Deriving the polarity and strength of opinions is an important research topic, attracting significant attention over the last few years. In this work, to measure the strength and polarity of an opinion, we consider the economic context in which the opinion is evaluated, instead of using human annotators or linguistic resources. We rely on the fact that text in on-line systems influences the behavior of humans and this effect can be observed using some easy-to-measure economic variables, such as revenues or product prices. By reversing the logic, we infer the semantic orientation and strength of an opinion by tracing the changes in the associated economic variable. In effect, we use econometrics to identify the “economic value of text” and assign a “dollar value” to each opinion phrase, measuring sentiment effectively and without the need for manual labeling. We argue that by interpreting opinions using econometrics, we have the first objective, quantifiable, and contextsensitive evaluation of opinions. We make the discussion concrete by presenting results on the reputation system of Amazon.com. We show that user feedback affects the pricing power of merchants and by measuring their pricing...
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...1). A three-way MANOVA found “significant main effect for eye contact (F = 3.02; p < .01) and a significant interaction effect for anonymity x eye-contact (F = 2.09; p < .05)” (p. 6). Two significant outcomes were also found for the main effects of eye contact (p. 6). The first was that “self-reported flaming was higher in the lack of eye-contact than in the eye-contact condition (M = 71.03 vs. 62.95; F = 5.92; df = 1134; p < .01)” (p. 6). The second was that “the number of threats with lack of eye-contact almost doubled that in the eye contact condition (M = 0.63 vs. 0.33; F = 5.11; df = 1134; p < .05)” (p. 6). Along with the three way MANOVA, an ANOVA analysis was used in order to find the “total flaming score” (p. 6). The ANOVA found that “the highest flaming mean appeared for the anonymous and invisible participants who had no eye-contact with their partners (M = 75.95),” while “the lowest total flaming score appeared in the same anonymity and invisibility conditions, but with the inclusion of eye-contact (M = 49.32)” (p....
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...effects on brand perceptions, this paper introduces a detailed framework of sponsorship persuasion process. Considering the central “transfer” between event and brand perceptions, the model also includes moderating effects (such as congruence) and focuses on specific components of functional, affective and symbolic customer value. In Spring 2007, a Web survey was conducted to evaluate the impact of Louis Vuitton’s sponsorship of America’s Cup. A total sample of 1,400 European respondents was developed thanks to the collaboration of eight Universities in France, Germany, Italy and Spain, working together within the “International Network on Consumer Behaviour Studies”. The model and hypotheses were tested with P.L.S. regression and textual data analysis. Very interesting results come out, demonstrating the importance of affective and symbolic components within the transfer process between the perceptions of the sponsored activity and the brand. Key words: sponsorship, customer...
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...Chapter 1: Introduction to Communication Theory What is communication; ● ● ● “The process by which people interactively create, sustain and manage meaning” (D&Z, p 2), It is how we plan, control, manage, persuade, understand, lead, love, and so on, Competent communication: both effective (achieving goal) and appropriate (follow social expectation). What is theory; Theory is about what we know and how we know it. ● Theories provide an abstract understanding of the communication process (Miller, 2002), ● A lens through see the world, which highlights some things (and ignores others!) (D&Z, 3), ● A systematic summary about the nature of the communication process. There are 3 types of theories: 1. Commonsense theory -Created by an individuals own personal experience, -Useful to us and are often a basis for our decisions about how to communicate, -These theory’s are not supported by research. 2. Working theory -Generalizations made in particular professions about the best techniques doing something, -Practical and more systematic than commonsense theory. 3. Scholarly theory -The theory has undergone systematic research, -Provides more thorough accurate and abstract explanations for communication, -They are often more complex and difficult to understand. Evaluating theory; These are some criteria for evaluating the usefulness of the theory. Not good or bad. What to look for Accuracy Has the research supported that the theory works the way it says it does? Look at the research...
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...News Video Indexing and Retrieval System Using Feature-Based Indexing and Inserted-Caption Detection Retrieval 1 News Video Indexing and Retrieval System Using Feature-Based Indexing and InsertedCaption Detection Retrieval Akshay Kumar Singh, Soham Banerjee, Sonu Kumar and Asst. Prof. Mr. S. Ghatak Computer Science and Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Majitar, India. Abstract—Data compression coupled with the availability of high bandwidth networks and storage capacity have created the overwhelming production of multimedia content, this paper briefly describes techniques for content-based analysis, retrieval and filtering of News Videos and focuses on basic methods for extracting features and information that will enable indexing and search of any news video based on its content and semantics. The major themes covered by the study include shot segmentation, key frame extraction, feature extraction, clustering, indexing and video retrieval-by similarity, probabilistic, transformational, refinement and relevance feedback. A new caption text extraction algorithm that takes full advantage of the temporal information in a video sequence is developed. Keywords—Shot Boundaries Detection, Inserted Caption Detection, Machine Learning, Face Annotation, Edge/Field Detection. I. INTRODUCTION E ffective techniques for video indexing/searching are required for large visual information systems (such as video databases and video servers). In addition...
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...1 Ontology Based Web Searching Mechanism for Information Retrieval W.A.C.M. Wickrama Arachchi & K.L. Jayarathne University of Colombo School of Computing, Sri Lanka chamil.madusanka@gmail.com & klj@ucsc.cmb.ac.lk Abstract—The largest data repository, World Wide Web is being a popular research domain where many experiments carry on various types of search architectures. This paper explore the ability of applying concept to concept mapping to the search architecture that applied to a semantic model of given domain. This novel search architecture combines classical search techniques with ontological approach. This research presents effective mechanism to represent the result of meaningful web search. For the simplicity, the breast cancer domain has been used. Index Terms—ontology, semantic web, web search, Semantic Search, concept, keyword extraction I. I NTRODUCTION T HE World Wide Web has been grown up as tree which has spread its branches in all the areas. Thus it can be identified as the largest data repository in the world that presents key driving force for large scale of information technology. With the increase of the amount of content it has been difficult to build an interactive web search with traditional keyword search. The idea presented here is improve the searching process with information extracted from the semantic model of the domain. Ontology is the backbone of semantic web technologies. One of the greatest problems of the...
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...continued in the printing business, held various government jobs and developed many public projects. In 1748 he retired from the printing business and constructed scientific studies on electricity and lightning. He became the Postmaster General of America and helped tremendously in the organization of the war. Arrangement: Benjamin Franklin organized his autobiography almost like a journal. It is written in chronological order and is divided up into the different time periods of his life with 19 chapters. Part one is about his early life and expresses subtle advice and ensues confidence in his son. The following sections, written after encouragement from his friends, continue with his life and mention his achievements and interests. Rhetorical Analysis: Exigence: Exigency was not a common occurrence in Benjamin Franklin’s life because he was very independent in a sense that he acted on his own terms. When exigence was experienced the need was urgent, yet almost in preparation for a worsening outcome, “I was under for the printing-house. In order to secure my credit and character as a tradesman, I took care not only to be in reality industrious and frugal, but to avoid all appearances to the contrary, ” (121). Franklin was a very intelligent man who valued preparation and morals which guarded him from potential crises. Audience: The intended audience of Franklin’s autobiography changes as the book progresses. Initially he writes to his son, “The first part, written as a letter to his...
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...translation quality assessment, Juliane House, this book provides an overview of relevant contemporary interdisciplinary research on translation, intercultural communication and globalization, and corpus and psycho- and neuro-linguistic studies. House acknowledges the importance of the socio-cultural and situational contexts in which texts are embedded, and which need to be analysed when they are transferred through space and time in acts of translation, at the same time highlighting the linguistic nature of translation. The text includes a newly revised and presented model of translation quality assessment which, like its predecessors, relies on detailed textual and culturally informed contextual analysis and comparison. The test cases also show that there are two steps in translation evaluation: firstly, analysis, description and explanation; secondly, judgements of value, socio-cultural relevance and appropriateness. The second is futile without the first: to judge is easy, to understand less so. Translation Quality Assessment is an invaluable resource for students and researchers of translation studies and intercultural communication, as well as for professional translators. Juliane House is Emeritus Professor of Applied Linguistics, University of Hamburg, Director of Programs in Arts and Sciences at Hellenic American University, Athens, and President of the International Association for Translation and Intercultural Communication. Her key titles include...
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...Gender Differences in Perception of Masculinity in Men’s Crying I. INTRODUCTION Masculinity means being inexpressive and unemotional. Men are not expected to cry, to be sad or to be vulnerable (Forisha, 1978). According to the traditional stereotype being masculine means being assertive, being interested in things, rather than people, being analytical and manipulative, and being able to “get things done” (Forisha, 1978) Femininity and masculinity or one's gender identity refers to the degree to which persons see themselves as masculine given what it means to be a man or woman in society. (Burke, Stets and Pirog-Good 1988; Spence 1985) A person with a more masculine identity should act more masculine, that is, engage in behaviors whose meanings are more masculine such as behaving in a more dominant, competitive, and autonomous manner (Ashmore, Del Boca, and Wohlers 1986). Men are more likely than women to feel ashamed of crying. There are variations in degree, but this indicates that social norms restricting male crying may be pretty much universal. Male crying being generally discouraged from an early age, while female crying is accepted or even rewarded (Fox, 2004). Men cry less frequently and intensely than women, and this sex difference is especially marked for crying in response to anger. (Santiago-Menez & Campbelle, February, 2013) The history of men crying, men have always cried. Yet the acceptability of male crying has varied across...
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...contents, i.e., efficient and precise retrieval of images that satisfies users’ needs. Toward this goal, content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has been intensively studied in the research community, while text-based search is better adopted in the industry. Both approaches have inherent disadvantages and limitations. Therefore, unlike the great success of text search, web image search engines are still premature. In this paper, we present iLike, a vertical image search engine that integrates both textual and visual features to improve retrieval performance. We bridge the semantic gap by capturing the meaning of each text term in the visual feature space, and reweight visual features according to their significance to the query terms. We also bridge the user intention gap because we are able to infer the “visual meanings” behind the textual queries. Last but not least, we provide a visual thesaurus, which is generated from the statistical similarity between the visual space representation of textual terms. Experimental results show that our approach improves both precision and recall, compared with content-based or text-based image retrieval techniques. More importantly, search results from iLike is more consistent with users’ perception of the query terms. Index Terms—CBIR, specialized search, vertical search engine Ç 1 INTRODUCTION...
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...Qualitative data analysis is an on-going and cyclic process that happens throughout the data collection stage of the evaluation project and carries over to the data entry and analysis stages. It encompasses such processes as coding, categorising and making sense of the crucial meanings of the phenomenon. As the researcher works with the rich descriptive data, then common themes or essences begin to emerge. All this is concerned with the organisation and the interpretation of information in order to discover any important underlying patterns and...
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