...2010 “Is Air Pollution a Belief?” Winter-Koger’s essay “What on Earth Are We Doing?” discusses many environmental problems, e.g.: ozone depletion, global warming, overpopulation, deforestation, air and water pollution, topsoil loss, and coral reef destruction. While it is difficult to isolate one problem to discuss, as they are all equally, important environmental problems; I have decided to research the effects of outdoor air pollution. I am interested particularly in whether the United States has made any positive changes for cleaner air, or added to the negative impacts on two of six different types of air pollution-ozone(smog) and particle pollution (particulate matter) since Winter-Koger’s essay (2004). Air pollution is one of the many environmental problems faced each day around the world. Man has always been a solid contributor to environmental pollution, a problem passed on from generation to generation. Air pollution is not a belief that one has; but a real problem that absolutely does exist. Many people have dedicated their lives to finding a solution to the detrimental effects of air pollution. And many people, unknowingly, and some ignorantly, have dedicated their lives to contributing to air pollution. To better understand the effects of air pollution, one must first understand the definition of air pollution and how it is caused. You may disagree and feel you know the definition of air pollution; but ask the person next to you to define air pollution...
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...Migration Strategies and Solutions Taekwonda Bowman 10/18/2011 SCI/275 Laquoyah McDaniel The atmosphere is full of many pollutants that affect our health. Air pollution has been a problem for a very long time. No one really seems to think that the little things that they do hurt the air that we breathe. We deal with pollutants inside and outside of the home. Some are self-made and others due to nature, or natures creatures. Every day, the average person inhales about 20,000 liters of air. Every time we breathe, we risk inhaling dangerous chemicals that have found their way into the air. Air pollution includes all contaminants found in the atmosphere. These dangerous substances can be either in the form of gases or particles. Air pollution can be found both outdoors and indoors. Pollutants can be trapped inside buildings, causing indoor pollution that lasts for a long time (Library.thinkquest.org). The biggest source of air pollution comes from fossil fuels, burning power plants and automobiles. These two contribute to about 90% of the pollution that is in the air. Too many vehicles and factories that run off of fossil fuels omit so much pollution that it create health problems for people, or make existing health problems worse. Even the chemicals that we use to clean our homes or wash our cars release toxins in the air that pollute the atmosphere. Cars give of lots of pollutants due to gas consumption and if the car is not kept up, the engine release old oils or burning wires...
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...bronchioles are air sacs called the alveoli. Oxygen from the air is absorbed into the blood in the alveoli. Carbon dioxide which is the waste product then travels from the blood into the alveoli where is can be exhaled. In between the alveoli there is a thin layer of cells which are called the interstitium that contain blood vessels and cells which help and support the alveoli. The air which is inhaled through the nostrils is then passed through the trachea and enters into the bronchi. The bronchi have two tubes which carry air to the lungs. The bronchi then split into the smaller branches which are called the bronchioles....
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...Kean is about all the air that we breath on a daily basis. It was published on July 18,2017 and it is an non- fiction chemistry book. There is a lot of people that don’t understand what’s in all the air around us, and this book explains the history of our air in a way that people can understand what it is that we breathe everyday. I was one of the ones that didn’t know what is in the air or how long it could stay there in the atmosphere and we could rebreathe the same air that people from hundreds of years ago took in. It’s explains how and when each of the gas molecules found in the atmosphere and air were discovered and by who. I always thought that...
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...among alternatives involves three ideas central to economics: scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost. Scarcity Our resources are limited. At any one time, we have only so much land, so many factories, so much oil, so many people. But our wants, our desires for the things that we can produce with those resources, are unlimited. We would always like more and better housing, more and better education—more and better of practically everything. If our resources were also unlimited, we could say yes to each of our wants—and there would be no economics. Because our resources are limited, we cannot say yes to everything. To say yes to one thing requires that we say no to another. Whether we like it or not, we must make choices. Our unlimited wants are continually colliding with the limits of our resources, forcing us to pick some activities and to reject others. Scarcity is the condition of having to choose among alternatives. A scarce good is one for which the choice of one alternative requires that another be given up. Consider a parcel of land. The parcel presents us with several alternative uses. We could build a house on it. We could put a gas station on it. We could create a small park on it. We could leave the land undeveloped in order to be able to make a decision later as to how it should be used. Suppose we have decided the land should be used for housing. Should it be a large and expensive house or several modest ones? Suppose it is to be a large and expensive...
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...that you learned about before, but they're just covered with tissue. So in this instance, we're calling them meatuses. And the job of those meatuses is to almost act as though they're speed bumps. So as soon as you sucked the air in through our nostrils, the air will get caught around the meatuses. It slows the air flow down. And when it slowed the air flow down, it will allow time for the nasal cavity to filter and humidify the incoming air. Because the air in our environment is much drier than the inside of our body. So when we breathe air in, if we didn't humidify a little bit, it would potentially dry out our nasal passages. So as soon as we breathe the air in, the nasal cavity will moisten it up, filter it, and then send it down to the deeper parts of the respiratory tract. So again, those meatuses act as sped bumps. They're going to kick up turbulence in the air to sallow us to filter and humidify better. And we know that the air we take in is humidified because if breathed into your hand. And next we have the hard and soft palate, which you should still be familiar with from API. The hard palate if what we call the roof of our mouth. And the palate here is made up of the maxillary bone and the palatine bone. And then hanging off the hard palate, we have the soft palate, which is made up of cartilage. That's why it's called soft because it's much more flexible. Hard palate, maxillary bone and palatine bone. And then soft...
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...How do we breathe in and out? Breathing is a process that moves air in and out of the lungs. It is the only process that delivers oxygen to where it is needed in the body and removes carbon dioxide. Each breathing cycle involves two stages; * Inhalation (inspiration) when lungs expand and air is pulled into them * Exhalation (expiration) when the lungs reduce in volume and air leaves the lungs. Inhalation and exhalation are produced by movements of two sets of muscles; the diaphragm and the muscles between the ribs which are known as the intercostal muscles. Internal intercostal muscles are used for inhalation and the external intercostal is used during exhalation. Breathing out is easier since both gravity pulling the ribs down and the elasticity of the lungs aid to collapse the lungs and squeeze air out. Humans generally breathe with the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles only, it is only when exercising that we use other muscles. During exercise, it is very significant that your breathing rate is matched to your activity because during exercise you will need extra oxygen; therefore, the body makes the lungs take in more ait to supply. Breathing in; Inhalation * When you inhale, your diaphragm tightens and moves downwards. This therefore increases the space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs expand. Breathing out; Exhalation * When you exhale, your diaphragm relaxes and moves upward into the chest cavity. The intercostal muscles...
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...The Clean Air Act James Huckabone ENV/320 9/10/2012 Siroos Mostaghimi The Clean Air Act The Clean Air Act was established in 1970 when the United States government decided to a more drastic role in protecting the countries air from unwanted pollution. There were a few amendments to the Clean Air Act in the following years to come, one being in the year 1977 and the other coming in 1990. Although having control over pollution did not just start in 1970 the United States Government stated with a clean act in 1955 which started paving the way for today’s Clean Air Act.(EPA) In the year of 1955 the United States enacted the first pollution control act this act was called the Pollution Control Act of 1955. This act was the first federal regulation for air pollution and the Pollution Act of 1955 also gave funding to help find the main sources of air pollution that was contaminating the air. Before the federal government enacted this act there were several state and local regulations to help with pollution control.(Encyclopedia of Earth) Next came the Air Quality act of 1963, The Air Quality Act of 1963 was an act that authorized a national program to address pollution related environmental problems.(EPA) The act also helped expand research into air quality. One of largest benefits to the Air Quality Act of 1963 was the control of automobile emissions. The controlling of automobile emissions came through an amendment to the Air Quality Act of 1963. This amendment...
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...Atmospheric Issues Catherine A. Johnson SCI/275 February 23, 2014 University of Phoenix Atmospheric Issues As the planet expands, so does time periods that people spend in different interior spaces. Indoor air quality is of particular interest, since it effects behavior, ventilation, and the health of people. There is major concern for health issues resulting from indoor air pollution, as well as from the atmosphere. Similar to the Volatile organic compounds used in polluting indoor air quality, uses of similar chemicals are causing atmospheric issues as well. Compounds originate from indoor sources; a point of origin of gases or other materials which appears constantly in a similar way, although formed by mixtures of indoor and outdoor pollutants, it is a combination of the VOCs emitted gases from certain solids or liquids, which include varieties of chemicals from indoor and outdoor sources. If looking at seasons as a means of ventilation, this influences amounts of chemicals released into the air and into the environments people live and work. Sources such as vehicle emissions, tobacco smoke, wooden furniture, flooring, wallpapers, and gluing emissions are just a few of pollutants contaminating the air. Everyday uses of products like paints, lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning supplies, and pesticides also have a harmful effect on the atmosphere. Current research shows ‘the ozone layer deteriorating due to the release of pollution containing chemicals like chlorine...
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...Air pollution is a major health risk concern globally. As industries and large developments continues, urban areas are subject to an increase of potential hazardous air pollution (BMC Public Health, Aug 2006) Reports has showed that carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide are just some of the reasons for hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases as well as ongoing health concerns. (BMC Public Health, Aug 2006) Respiratory symptoms in young children has become a major concern. Indoor pollution India has become a major concern for air pollution because they are exposed to some of the highest pollution levels in the world. Because of their cooking, using fuel, adult women and young children are the highest to be exposed to pollution causing acute respiratory infections (ARI) chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (CORP) and lung cancer. Improvements are being looked at for stoves with chimneys and other factors that may lower the risk of exposures. (Smith, Jun 2000)Epidemiological investigations has been used for at last 15 years in India to indicate pollutant. Outdoor pollution China, suffers from the most in outdoor pollution. Coal is a significant source of energy and constitutes for about 75% of all energy sources. (Kan, Chen, Hong, May 2009)Unfortunately, China primary consist of coal smoke, involving particulate matter (PM) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) as the predominantly air pollutants.(Kan, Chen, Hong, May 2009)Studies associated in China's...
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...AND DEATH, ON BREATHING by Aristotle translated by G. R. T. Ross 1 WE must now treat of youth and old age and life and death. We must probably also at the same time state the causes of respiration as well, since in some cases living and the reverse depend on this. We have elsewhere given a precise account of the soul, and while it is clear that its essential reality cannot be corporeal, yet manifestly it must exist in some bodily part which must be one of those possessing control over the members. Let us for the present set aside the other divisions or faculties of the soul (whichever of the two be the correct name). But as to being what is called an animal and a living thing, we find that in all beings endowed with both characteristics (viz. being an animal and being alive) there must be a single identical part in virtue of which they live and are called animals; for an animal qua animal cannot avoid being alive. But a thing need not, though alive, be animal, for plants live without having sensation, and it is by sensation that we distinguish animal from what is not animal. This organ, then, must be numerically one and the same and yet possess multiple and disparate aspects, for being animal and living are not identical. Since then the organs of special sensation have one common organ in which the senses when functioning must meet, and this must be situated midway between what is called before and behind (we call 'before' the direction from which sensation comes, 'behind' the...
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...WK1: Community Environmental Issue University of Phoenix SCI 275 May 11, 2014 Community Environmental Issue The main issue in the state of Ohio would be power plants. There is one really big power plant that my grandfather has worked at for the past 28 years of his life. He states that they have currently started changing things up so that it is more environmentally safe for our environment. This paper is about the power plant issue and how it is an environmental sustainability issue, and who it will affect, what causes the issue, and how the government can regulate or not regulate it, and the solutions that can be proposed to help with this issue. The issue is that power plants cause many additional problems to the environment just so people can have electricity. Fossil fuel-fired power plants are the nation’s largest source of carbon dioxide, the leading global warming pollutant” (Environment Ohio Research & Policy Center, 2013). “In the United States, warmer temperatures caused by global warming have already increased the frequency and severity of heat waves and heavy downpours, resulting in more intense wildfires, floods, droughts, and tropical storms and hurricanes” (Environment Ohio Research & Policy Center, 2013). “In 2011, power plants were responsible for 42 percent of all U.S. global warming pollution” (Environment Ohio Research & Policy Center, 2013). “Power plants use water for cooling, reducing the amount of water available for irrigation, wildlife, recreation...
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...brings oxygen into our bodies, which we need for our cells to live and function properly b. and it helps us get rid of carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of cellular function. The Upper Airway and Trachea When you breathe in, air enters your body through your nose or mouth. From there, it travels down your throat through the larynx (or voicebox) and into the trachea (or windpipe) before entering your lungs. All these structures act to funnel fresh air down from the outside world into your body. The upper airway is important because it must always stay open for you to be able to breathe. It also helps to moisten and warm the air before it reaches your lungs. The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea Sand bronchi all work like a system of pipes through which the air is funnelled down into our lungs. There, in very small air sacs called alveoli, oxygen is brought into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is pushed from the blood out into the air. When something goes wrong with part of the respiratory system, such as an infection like pneumonia, it makes it harder for us to get the oxygen we need and to get rid of the waste product carbon dioxide. The Lungs Structure The lungs are paired, cone-shaped organs which take up most of the space in our chests, along with the heart. Their role is to take oxygen into the body, which we need for our cells to live and function properly, and to help us get rid of carbon dioxide, which is a waste product. We each have two lungs, a left lung and...
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...Global warming has now become a very captivating breathtaking topic to all human ears although the more it is talked about; the less is done to prevent it from happening .It has been described as the greatest threat facing humanity. Many agree that the earth is warming, but they are uncertain of both the causes and consequences. Nonetheless, it cannot be wholly avoided but it can be lessened by taking diverse measures. This essence of this essay is to describe what global warming is, firstly by pin pointing different definitions of global warming, articulating its causes and effects and further analyze measures to curb global warming. Secondly the essay will demonstrate further on how the knowledge of demography contributes to the understanding of global warming by giving relevant examples across the globe. Finally, the essay will draw a conclusion depending on the context. Global warming is the increase in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere caused by the greenhouse effect. Kapargam, (1999:218); defined global warming as the condition that is caused by the accumulation of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere that causes a slow but sustained increase in the global average temperature over a long period of time. According to www.WeatherQuestions.com; global warming is the gradual warming of global-average temperatures due to the slowly increasing concentrations of man-made atmospheric greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide. But global warming can alternatively refer to...
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...This essay is about Air Pollution, Sources of Air Pollution and Effects of Air Pollution Air pollution is the presence of abnormal concentration and abnormal constituents in air. We know that Fresh air is needed for a healthy life. That is why people go out for morning walks so that they can breathe as much fresh air as possible. But the quality of the air has been deteriorating in urban areas. It is being polluted by smoke, harmful gasses, dust articles and other matters. The burning of petrol and diesel in running vehicles emits carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and unburnt hydrocarbon particles. These pollutants are released in the air breathe. They are very harmful for out health. The burning of various fuels in factories and power plants emit carbon monoxide carbon dioxide and other poisonous gases that are left off in the atmosphere. Yet without burning fuel, the production of goods in industries is not possible. So the growth of industrial production is at the cost of polluting air. Various chemical industries such as those manufacturing acids, plastics, dyes and paint, paper, pesticides, petrochemical emit hazardous fumes and gases such as sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and fluorocarbons. Industrial dust also causes air pollution. Dust coming out from the cement kilns, lime kilns, stone crushing and asbestos factories are the main causes of breathing problems and lung diseases in our country. Smoking of cigarettes and bedis is very injurious to health...
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