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The American Dream

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Submitted By stof0721
Words 1677
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Biologi
Kost og sundhed
Helene og Kristoffer

”Uden mad og drikke duer helten ikke”
Hvis Ikke kroppen får mad og drikke, kan den ikke fungere. En vigtig del af den daglige nærring er nærringsstoffer. Nærringsstoffer består af kemiske substanser, som vi finder i maden. Gennem den mad vi spiser optager vi de forskellige næringsstoffer så kroppen kan fungere optimalt. Kroppen har brug for alle de forskellige næringsstoffer dog i forskellig grad og mængde. Vi får energi fra de forskellige næringsstoffer, og det er derfor vigtigt at optage den rigtige mængde af hvert nærringsstof, for at undgå f.eks. undervægt og overvægt. De fleste næringsstoffer kan vi ikke leve uden, og er vigtige i forhold til kroppens organer. Kroppen kan ikke selv producere nærringsstoffer, og det er derfor vigtigt at spise varieret, så man optager lidt af hvert nærringsstof. Hvis ikke man får de anbefalede nærringsstoffer, kan det gøre at man taber sig meget, og det vil have store konsekvenser for helbredet.

Der findes 6 hovedkategorier indenfor næringsstoffer: Kulhydrater
Proteiner
Lipider (fedtstoffer og olier)
Vitaminer (både fedt- og vand opløselige)
Mineraler
Vand

Kulhydrater er den største energikilde og kender det i form af brød, pasta og stivelse. Kulhydrater er en hurtigt form for energi, som kroppen hurtigt optager, og der derfor god for kroppen, hvis man dyrker meget sport. Lige så god kulhydrater er når man dyrker sport, lige så dårlig er der hvis man ikke dyrker sport. Selvom man ikke anser kulhydrat for at være et essentielt nærringsstof, så kan kroppen ikke fungere uden. Hvis kroppen ikke får den mængde kulhydrat som den har brug for, vil kroppen lave aminosyreren fra proteiner om til glukose, som vil være usundt for kroppen.

Proteiner er også meget vigtigt hvis kroppen skal fungere. Proteiner er meget vigtig for kroppens knogler og muskler. Proteiner er det der hjælper musklerne hvis der er skade, eller hvis knoglen er brækket, hvilket også er grunden til folk der træner spiser meget protein. Proteiner opbygger vores væv og celler, og vi kender det i form af kød og fisk. Inden kroppen kan optage proteinerne skal kroppen først nedbryde aminosyrerne, som efterfølgende danner proteinsyrer, så vi kan optage det.
Lipider er et nærringsstof med et meget højt energiindhold. Lipider er det vi får fra fedtstoffer og olier. Selvom 1 gram lipid har et større energiindhold end proteiner, er det ikke lige så udbredt som protein, da det ikke findes i så’ mange forskellige fødevarer. Der findes 2 forskellige lipider: de umættede og mættede lipider. De soteres efter deres kemiske struktur.
f.eks. har folk der kæmper med overvægt, en tildens til at glemme Lipiders vigtighed.

Vitaminer har en speciel vigtig rolle igennem vores opvækst og udvikling. Næringsstoffernes funktioner

Næringsstoffer har 3 funktioner: Energitilførsel:
Kulhydrater
Proteiner
Lipider

Vækst og udvikling:
Proteiner
Lipider
Vitaminer
Mineraler
Vand

Regulere kropsfunktioner:
Proteiner
Lipider
Vitaminer
Mineraler
Vand

Næringsstoffer har 3 funktioner: Energitilførsel:
Kulhydrater
Proteiner
Lipider

Vækst og udvikling:
Proteiner
Lipider
Vitaminer
Mineraler
Vand

Regulere kropsfunktioner:
Proteiner
Lipider
Vitaminer
Mineraler
Vand

Der findes 13 vitaminer, som kan inddeles i 2 grupper: de 4 fedtopløselige vitaminer (A,D, E og K) de 9 vandopløselige vitaminer (B og C)

De to grupper er forskellige på mange områder, men de vigtigste forskel er, at de vandopløselige vitaminer nemt ødelægges ved kogning, og de fedtopløselige er svære for kroppen af udskille.

Mineraler og vitaminer bliver ofte blandet sammen, og betegnet som det samme selvom de har to vidt forskellige funktioner. Mineraler er stoffer, der både kan hjælpe og underbygge vitaminer, men også virke som helt elementære byggesten . Mineraler giver kalk, som styrker kroppens knogler og tænder. Mineraler kan også have den funktion at tilføre jern til blodet.

Selvom man i dagligdagen ikke tænker over det, så er vand også et vigtigt nærringsstof for at kroppen kan fungere. Vand er vigtig fordi kroppen har brug for væske, men også fordi det fungere som et opløsningsmiddel i maven. Den anbefalede mængde vand for et voksent menneske er 2 liter vand om dagen. Dette tal er selvfølgelig højere hvis man motionere meget.

Til vejledning og rådgivning har sundhedsstyrelsen lavet kostpyramiden. Kostpyramiden er lavet på baggrund af menneskets behov for nærringsstoffer fra de forskellige fødevarer.

Sund kost er vigtigt hvis man gerne vil have et godt helbred, og undgå de forskellige sygdomme, så kan medfølge, hvis man spiser usundt. Hvis man ikke spiser sundt og varieret kan kroppen blive overbelastet, og det kan i værste tilfælde gå ud overhjertet og organerne. Hvis man ikke spiser nok, og ikke får de nærringsstoffer man skal, kan det også medføre alvorlige følgesygdomme, og skader på organerne, der for altid vil være skadet. Udover at det er sundt at spise sundt, får man det meget bedre med sig selv psykisk. a)
Helenes energiindhold lå denne dag på omkring 11948KJ. Ud for den fysiske aktivitet, som Helene har haft, så har hendes krop et energikrav på 10579,2 KJ. Det anbefalet energiindhold varieres selvfølelig efter testpersonens fysik.

Ud for tallene så har Helenes indtaget omkring 1500 KJ mere end kroppens krav. Hvis denne rytme forsættes, så vil hun hende med at tage på. Det spiller dog en stor faktor, at forsøget kun er taget fra en dag.

Der er ingen tvivl om at alle fysiske faktorer, såsom vægt, højde, muskelmasse, alder, køn og hvor meget motion du dyrker dagligt, spiller en kæmpe rolle i forhold til kroppens energikrav. Da Helene er en ung pige, som har normal vægt og højde, og træne regelmæssigt. Så behøver hendes krop jo ikke ligeså meget energi, som Brian, som har vundet DM i bodybuilding. Brian vejer næsten 3 gange så meget som Helene, og træner 5 timer om dagen. På grund af den fysiske aktivitet(og den garanteret store forskel på muskelmasse), så skal Brians krop bruge MEGET mere energi end Helenes krop behøver.

Man kan se på fordelingen at den er sket meget ligeligt. Til venstre ses det anbefalede indtag af de forskellig nærringstoffer, og til højre ses den mængde som Helene har indtaget. Helenes indtag passer godt i forhold til det anbefalede mængder. Det eneste nærringstof hvor det faktisk går lidt galt er ved mængden af kostfibre. Det er ikke lige den værste post at indtage for meget på. Det ville være værre hvis der var blevet indtaget for meget fedt, sukker eller alkohol. Lige præcis indtaget af alkohol kan man ikke rigtig regne med. Dagen vi har fulgt Helene har været en hverdag. Vi kan jo ikke vide om Helene indtager mange genstande i weekenderne. Eller om Helene i det hele tager spiser meget mere usundt alle andre dage. Man ville kunne få et meget mere præcis resultat hvis man havde fulgt Helene i en længere periode.

Calcium: calcium bliver også i daglig tale kaldet for kalk. Kalk er det mineral i kroppen, som der er allermest af. I vores kost finder vi calcium i mejerprodukter, som mælk og ost. Der er også et par enkelte grønsager som broccoli og bønner som indeholder calcium.
Vi bruger bl.a. calcium til at styrke vores knogle, og det er også derfor at det er et vigtigt nærringsstof for kroppen.
Helenes indtag af calcium passer meget godt med den anbefalede mængde. Det vil sige at Helenes knogler formentlig er sunde og raske.
Jern: jerns vigtigste funktion i kroppen er at transportere ilten rundt i kroppen, via de røde blodlegemer. Derfor kan for lidt jern i kosten, skabe blodmangel hos personen.
Jern optages i kosten mest fra kornprodukter, men også lidt fra kød og grønsager. Af kød er specielt lever en rigtig god kilde til jern. Broccoli er også en af de gode kilder til jern.
Helene indtager også rigeligt med jern igennem kosten, så hun burde i hvert fald ikke havde problemer med at få blodet ordenligt rundt i kroppen.

Natrium/Kalium: dette er to livsvigtige salte, som kroppen virkelig har brug for. De har indflydelse på kroppens væskebalance og blodtryk. De er også vigtige for at holde kroppens syre-base balance i orden. Man kan også finde disse to mineraler i musklerne, og i vores nervefunktioner. Kalium finde inde i vores celler, og natrium finder vi uden for vores celler.
Kalium får vi gennem grønsager og frugt.
Hvis man gar et for lavt indhold af kalium i kroppen, kan svækkelse af bevidstheden forekomme, men hvis indholdet er for højt, så kan der forekomme forvirring og talebesvær.

Kostfibre er en vigtig del af vores kost. Kostfibre har mange egenskaber. Det sætter gang i fordøjelsen. Det forebygger hjertekarsygdomme. Vigtigst og alt så kan da forbygge kræft.
Kostfibre indtages via grønsager og fuldkornbrød. Der er ikke rigtigt nogen bivirkninger ved at have indtager for mange kostfibre, så at Helene har indtage 2.5x så mange kostfibre som hun må har egentligt ikke nogen betydning. Det sikre bare at hendes krop holdes sund og rask.

Hvis kostplanen skulle være mere præcist skulle undersøgelsen have været over en længere periode. Undersøgelsen vil ikke være til at regne med 100 procent, da vi kun tager udgangspunkt i en dags næring, og ikke over flere dage. Ifølge vores kostplan, har Helene spist for meget af alt ting.
Helene har spist overvejende kulhydrat, og A-vitamin, hvilket på længere sig vil være usundt for hende. Kulhydrater ville være godt, hvis hun dyrkede meget motion, men da hun har spist mere end hun har forbrændt, vil hun på længere sigt tage på. Da vi kun tager udgangspunkt i en dag, vil det ikke have den største betydning for det samlede indtryk af Helenes sundhed, og vil derfor ikke være noget man lægger vægt på, men hvis man laver en undersøgelse over en længere periode, og hun igen vil spise en del over det hun skal, bør man nok ændre sin kostplan.
Til gengæld er Helene i stort underskud af vand, hvilket kan forudsagde at hendes væskebalance er meget lav, som kan gøre hun får hovedpine, og føler sig sløv. Vand er et vigtigt nærringsstof som er overset, men som har stor betydning for kroppens velvære. Selvom der er mange fødevarer med et stort indhold af vand, anbefales det at et voksent menneske drikker 2 liter vand dagligt.

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Death of American Dream

...Death of the American Dream What is the “American Dream”? Does everybody have the same dream; does everybody want the same thing? Does everyone who tries for his or her dream achieve it? This unit we have read and discussed different literature that has dealt with aspects of the “American Dream”. Two of those texts that have had the most impact on me personally and my vision of my dream were “Death of a Salesman” by Arthur Miller and “Winter Dreams” by F. Scott Fitzgerald. These two pieces of literature deal with aspects of each of the main characters pursuit of what they feel is their “American Dream”. It’s safe to say that both of these depictions end in a sorrowful way; with both of the main characters realizing that their dream won’t be fulfilled. Both of these authors show how the typical American Dream of having wealth and glory won’t bring one true contentment; it is this aspect of the “American Dream” that both of the main characters of the stories strive to attain. It seems that with every greedy aspiration for the “American Dream” comes unfulfilled lives and missed experiences; for this is what happens to Dexter Green in “Winter Dreams” and Willy Loman in “Death of a Salesman”. The two texts portray the false determinations and unrealistic visions that can plague a man or woman with a strong thirst for the “American Dream” and end up leading a person to the edge of destruction. This thirst for the “American Dream” can blind someone from recognizing...

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