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The Amish

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The Amish Instructor Bruce Carruthers ANT 101 Cultural Anthropology Aug 6, 2012

Outline I. Introduction II. History of the Amish a. School b. Church c. Rumspringa III. Social organization d. Children e. Teenage years f. Church membership IV. Beliefs and values g. Church h. Chores i. Socialization V. Kinship j. Nuclear family k. Bands l. Large families VI. Conclusion m. Summary n. Amish throughout time The Amish live a very interesting life involving very hard work and strict religious beliefs. In this essay I will first tell you about the history of the Amish, how they became the Amish we know today, and then tell you what a day in the life of an Amish person is like. I will tell you about their education, church, and the teenage Rumspringa. I will also tell you about how the Amish spend their childhood years, teenage years and when they become an official member of the church. The next subject I will cover is beliefs and values. This will then lead me into telling you about kinship.
The Amish get there name from Jakob Ammann, who believed in stronger ties to the church and faster shunning in those not using the church with everyday life. The Amish also known as plane people began to come to America in the eighteenth century. Most Amish settled in Berks County, Pennsylvania, most of which were trying to escape religious wars, poverty, and religious prosecution from the Palatinate and neighboring areas (American Amish Company 2012 par 4.) They lived there until they were pushed out by security issues with the French and Indian war. They then spread to Alabama, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Maryland, Tennessee, Wisconsin, Maine, and Canada (American Amish Company 2012 par 4).
The Amish believe the bible is a trustworthy life guide. They are taught to be very submissive not boasting or showing pride. They do not believe in using labor saving technology because it could cause them to distance themselves from the community. They also do not use electricity because it might spark a competition for other status goods. Most Amish work at home to seclude themselves from the outside world.
A day in the life of an Amish person differs greatly on being male or female and adult or child. The Amish have nuclear families consisting of a mother, father, and their children. The children strive to be like the same sexed parent. As a male child your day would begin about five thirty in the morning, like the rest of the house. You would help your father with morning chores including but not limited to milking cows, feeding animals, and working in the fields either cultivating or harvesting depending on time of the year. The Amish are primarily emerging agriculturalists. As a female child you would get up and help your mother cook breakfast, clean, sew, then work in the yard garden. After the morning chores are done the children then leave for school.
The men do the outside work for their farms while the women work inside the house and care for children. An adult male will work from sun up to sun down. The adult males continue to work in the fields once the children have left to go to school. Depending on the time of year, they may also help with the building of structures throughout the community. At the end of the day they will again feed the animals, milk cows, and process the milk that the truck picks up to sell. An adult female will start her day making breakfast for the family. She will then clean up breakfast and get the children ready to leave for school. She will then make lunch, work in the yard garden, hand wash the whole families clothing, make new clothing, and then start making dinner. After her husband gets home they will visit with others from the community.
Amish children normally go to Amish run schools but some central Illinois Amish will attend public schools (Amishillinois.com par. 1). Most Amish schools are one or two room schools with no electric and are heated by wood burning stoves. Most Amish children start school at age six and continue school through eighth grade. All children will learn English, German, and Pennsylvania Dutch while in school. Along with language they also learn basics of reading, writing, and mathematics. The boys and girls both learn different subjects after the basics.
Boys will learn how to do finances for their families and to be able to run the farm. They will also learn how to work in the fields so they can provide for their family when they are old enough. They will learn how to work up ground in the late winter using special tools. In early spring they will learn how to plant the fields. During the summer they will learn how to care for the fields, mainly pulling weeds. In late summer they will also learn how to harvest the fields. They also learn how to drive a horse and buggy team.
Girls will learn how to be a good wife and mother. They learn how to cook and bake. They also learn how to sew and quilt. Quilting is used to make blankets for warmth in the winter and they can also sell them for extra money. They are taught to raise children since the male is normally not present during the day because of work. Girls, like boys, also learn how to drive a horse and buggy.
Amish schooling is very community oriented. Almost everything they learn will help them succeed in their daily lives. School teachers are only educated until eighth grade. Students are taught not to be competitive in any way. The faster learners will help the slower learners so all students have the same education not making any one person better than another person.
Church and religion are a huge part of the everyday lives of the Amish. Before every meal they will pray as well as when they wake up and before they go to bed. Sundays, they will go to church. Depending on which type of Amish they are they can either have services in a church building or it could be in one of the members’ homes. Most services will last approximately 3 hours. Head members of the church are men that have been baptized. Women do not hold leadership roles in the church. Women are in charge of making the meal for the congregation which is eaten after the service is over. Amish live their day to day lives following the bible but do not quote it because that would seem to make the person quoting closer to God than everyone else.
Amish do not believe in baptism as a child, they believe in making an informed decision to become a member of the church. This brings up the next topic which is the teenage Rumspringa. Rumspringa is by definition (in some Amish communities) a period of adolescence in which boys and girls are given greater personal freedom and allowed to form romantic relationships, usually ending with the choice of baptism into the church or leaving the community(oxforddictionary.com). Only some Amish communities have Rumspringa. Modern media has focused on the wilder and less likely side of Rumspringa like in the movie Devils Playground.
Most teenagers start Rumspringa at age sixteen and it ends when they decide to become baptized and become a member of the church. There are normally two types of groups. One of the groups is the “slower” and the other is “faster”. The “slower” group might go bowling on a weekend. Normally they just stay within their communities. They will attend singings on Sundays and play volleyball or another sport after church.
The “faster” groups will leave the communities on weekends and return again on Sunday night to get ready for the work week. They are the few that might buy a car and receive a driver’s license. They will also go to parties and drink alcoholic beverages. Most however do not participate in premarital sex or drug use like the media says they do. Most will however dress in non-traditional clothing, possibly cut their hair, and visit the outside world.
Amish children start helping with chores as soon as they are able to do so. They are taught at an early age to work hard. Amish children start their day at five or five thirty in the morning just like their parents and other siblings do. The boys strive to be as much like their father as possible. The girls try to be like their mother. Before the age of, six children will help with what they can. Boys will help with feeding animals. They will help their father and older siblings milk cows by bringing empty milk pales in when others are full. They will also help in the fields by pulling weeds and helping plant and harvest.
The girls are taught to help their mother with the “house” chores. They will help cook and clean. They will also help in the garden by pulling weeds, planting, and harvesting. They all have individual chores to do in the house as well such as making their bed, sweep, and make sure the house is clean. They will also learn how to sew with their mother. None of the children are ever thanked for helping or doing what is asked of them because it is expected of the Amish culture. The Amish do not show pride in any way. At age six they will begin school until they complete eighth grade. At age sixteen the parents allow their children to start making their own decisions and they are not yet baptized so they are not under the control of the church. This period is called Rumspringa and will last until they decide to be baptized and become a member of the church or until they leave the Amish life style completely. Teens will also start dating and talking to the opposite sex at this time to form relationships. While on Rumspringa most still live with their parents and attend church. They will also start taking over the heavy work for the family and community. They will also start to take on more responsibility. Once they decide if they want to leave the Amish ways or become baptized, they will return to the Amish way of life after Rumspringa. Eighty-ninety percent of the teens will become baptized and become a part of the church. They will then become a full member of the church and will have the full responsibility of an adult. They will also have to obey all the churches rules and return to the hard work and the simple life style. As a member of the church they will be able to get married and have children. Along with that they may also become a leader in the church. Leaders of the church are in charge of making a sermon and reading of the scriptures. The wives of the leaders are in charge of making the meal for the whole congregation after the sermon is over.
After women become baptized they will begin looking for a husband. Most will continue working and living at their parents’ house until they get married. Women will start taking on more responsibilities just like the men do. They will do more of the house work to insure they are ready to be married. “The key to understanding Amish culture is the German word Gelassenheit, “submission,” a belief that includes simplicity, humility, thrift, obedience, and accepting the will of higher authorities” (Hostetler 1993). They first thing Amish children are taught is to practice humility. They will forgive anyone for almost anything because the bible says to. Refer to article The massacre of six innocents: 2006-OCT-03 at religioustolerance.org. They believe there is only one God. They practice a form of Christianity called Mennonites. They are a very extreme religious group. They also believe in choice to join the church they give the children a chance to participate in the outside world at the age of sixteen. Then if they still desire to they may be baptized and join the church as a full member.
The Amish have large families. They are a nuclear family consisting of a mother, father, and children. They say in the bible a child is a blessing of God. It is not odd for one couple to have seven or even more children. Most of the families that live together in the community form bands. It was once said that one grandmother had three-hundred direct decedents (Hostetler 1993).
The Amish live a very interesting life involving very hard work and strict religious beliefs. Throughout this paper I have told you why the Amish came to America and how they received their name. This paper shows you what it is like in a day in the life of an Amish person, from the point of view of a male child, female child, teenagers, male adults, and female adults. The Amish way of life is very different from most other people and this paper explains about how they view church and education. The teenage Rumspringa from the Amish view is very different from the medias’ view but, it is a point in a teenager’s life where they can decide what road to take their life in. The Amish have a strong sense of their beliefs and values and the kinship of the Amish is a very important aspect of their lives.

References Copyright � 2004 and 2005 by Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
Originally rewritten: 2004-AUG-08
Latest update: 2005-NOV-25
Author: B.A. Robinson http://www.religioustolerance.org/amish.htm/ ©2012 American Amish Company http://www.americanamishcompany.com/history/ Nowak, B .,Liard, P cultural anthropology (2010) Cong1992; Hostetler 1993; Hostetler and Huntington 1971; Kidder and Hostetler 1990; Kraybill 1989; Kraybill, Nolt, and Weaver-Zercher 2007
http://www.Peacefulsocieties.org

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