...SUMMARY 1865-19901865-1900In the years following the Civil War the United States was transformed by the enormous growth of industry. Once, the United States was mainly a nation of small farms. By 1900, it was a nation of growing cities, of coal, steel, and of engines and fast communications. Though living standards generally rose, millions of industrial workers lived in crowded, unsanitary slums.In the north, industrial violence was common and occurred on numerous occasions. The most violent confrontation between labor and employers was probably the Great Railway Strike of 1877. The nation had been in the grip of a severe depression for four years. During that time, the railroads had decreased the wages of railway workers by 20 percent. Many trainmen complained that they could not support their families adequately, and there was little that the trainmen could do about the wage decreases. At that time, unions were weak and workers feared going on strike; there were too many unemployed men who might take their jobs. Some workers secretly formed a Trainmen's Union to oppose the railroads. In the last quarter of the century, the textile, metal, and machinery industries equaled the railroads in size. In 1870, the typical iron and steel firm employed fewer than 100 workers. Thirty years later, the force was four times as large. By 1900, more than 1,000 factories had work forces ranging from 500 to 1,000 workers. From 1860 to 1900 some 15 million immigrants from southern and eastern Europe...
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...Modern America (1890’s) >Civil war (1861-1865) Fredrick Jackson Turner >Speech at the Chicago world’s tour fair (1893) “And new, four centuries from the discovery of America, at the end of a hundred years of life under the constitution, the frontier has gone, and with its going has closed the first period of American history.” Modern Corporation (Began in 1850’s) Charter from a state Capital- Sale of stocks Limited personal liability Civil war Swift Meats Borden Dairy and groceries Carnegie – R.R’s and Steel Andrew Carnegie wrote in 1886 “if I asked what important law I should change, I would say none the laws are perfect” 1860 | 1900 Number of Americans 31 mill | 70 Mill Manufactured Goods 2 bill | 11 bill Miles of Rail Roads 30,000 | 200,00 Iron and Steel Production 0 | World’s largest Number of Industrial workers2.7Mill (40% of entire U.S. Population )|13 mill (65% of U.S. Population) America As A world Power ( the 1890’s) >European “imperialism” v American Imperialism (trade economic advantage) >from 1870-1900 America’s New Empire {18 Million square miles (1/5 of the earth’s land)~ 150 million people} >The 1875 Economic Depression Overseas markets for American goods (unemployment) >Need to sell a broad 70 % U.S. cotton / 40% U.S. wheat /50% U.S. copper /15% U.S. iron steel / 16% U.S. agricultural equipment to find overseas buyers – U.S. State...
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...INTRODUCTION: In the late 1960’s the UPR was the center of protest against US militarization in school campuses, with tensions stemming from the U.S. taking possession of Puerto Rico after the Spanish-American War in 1898. Even though a large portion of the population welcomed US presence, there were others who resented said presence as well as the militarization of the island. Furthermore, this animosity was largely aimed at Puerto Rican eligibility for the Selected Service after the passage of the Jones Act in 1917, which made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens. Opposition to the militarization of the island has found its cradle in the university of Puerto Rico founded in the 1900’s where many groups in favor of independence spread their message...
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...The (un)Official United States History Cram Packet This is not intended as a substitute for regular study ……. But it is a powerful tool for review. 1494: Treaty of Tordesillas – divides world between Portugal and Spain 1497: John Cabot lands in North America. 1513: Ponce de Leon claims Florida for Spain. 1524: Verrazano explores North American Coast. 1539-1542: Hernando de Soto explores the Mississippi River Valley. 1540-1542: Coronado explores what will be the Southwestern United States. 1565: Spanish found the city of St. Augustine in Florida. 1579: Sir Francis Drake explores the coast of California. 1584 – 1587: Roanoke – the lost colony 1607: British establish Jamestown Colony – bad land, malaria, rich men, no gold - Headright System – land for population – people spread out 1608: French establish colony at Quebec. 1609: United Provinces establish claims in North America. 1614: Tobacco cultivation introduced in Virginia. – by Rolfe 1619: First African slaves brought to British America. 15. Virginia begins representative assembly – House of Burgesses 1620: Plymouth Colony is founded. - Mayflower Compact signed – agreed rule by majority • 1624 – New York founded by Dutch 1629: Mass. Bay founded – “City Upon a Hill” - Gov. Winthrop - Bi-cameral legislature, schools 1630: The Puritan Migration 1632: Maryland – for profit – proprietorship 1634 – Roger Williams banished from Mass. Bay Colony 1635:...
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...Bibliographic Essay on African American History Introduction In the essay “On the Evolution of Scholarship in Afro- American History” the eminent historian John Hope Franklin declared “Every generation has the opportunity to write its own history, and indeed it is obliged to do so.”1 The social and political revolutions of 1960s have made fulfilling such a responsibility less daunting than ever. Invaluable references, including Darlene Clark Hine, ed. Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004); Evelyn Brooks Higgingbotham, ed., Harvard Guide to African American History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001); Arvarh E. Strickland and Robert E. Weems, Jr., eds., The African American Experience: An Historiographical and Bibliographical Guide (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001); and Randall M. Miller and John David Smith, eds., Dictionary of Afro- American Slavery (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1988), provide informative narratives along with expansive bibliographies. General texts covering major historical events with attention to chronology include John Hope Franklin and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans (Boston: McGraw Hill, 2000), considered a classic; along with Joe William Trotter, Jr., The African American 1  Experience (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001); and, Darlene Clark Hine, William C. Hine, and Stanley Harrold, The...
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...| | | Johnson & Wales Shane Howlett | [Origins of the Organic Movement and its impact on society] | Winter Term Honors Project FSM 1070 Professor Scott Smith T/Th 2-4 CRN: 21563 | Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….1 Origins of the Organic Movement………………………………………………………...2 Pre-World War II………………………………………………………………….3 Post-World War II………………………………………………………...…........5 Impacts of the Revolution…………………………………………………………………9 Future Plans of the Organic Revolution………………………………………………….10 The Organic Certification Process……………………………………………………….11 Negative Impacts and Criticism of the Organic Movement …………………………….12 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………….13 Works Cited……………………………………………………………………………..14 Many organic practices simply make sense, regardless of what overall agricultural system is used. Far from being a quaint throwback to an earlier time, organic agriculture is proving to be a serious contender in modern farming and a more environmentally sustainable system over the long term. -David Suzuki The organic movement has been in swing since the early 1900’s. Many different companies, consumers and governances have all joined the bandwagon and work to further the goals of an organic world. The organic movement is no where near complete and many dedicated individuals are working to further its progress. Many retailers such as Whole Foods, Alfalfa’s, Wild Oats, and Trader Joes, are all companies dedicated...
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...Why Marijuana Should Be Legalized In The U.S. The legalization of Marijuana, which is commonly known as Cannabis Sativa, has been one of the most intense debates to be ever launched nation-wide. Its use as a medicine has existed for thousands of years in countless countries across the globe. When someone says ganja, cannabis, bung, dope, Mary Jane, grass, rasta, pot, or weed, they are referring to marijuana. Essentially, marijuana should be legalized for the greater good of society. The most important reason that this plant should not be prohibited is for its medicinal purposes. The plant can be utilized as a resource for pain relief, control of nausea and vomiting, and appetite stimulation. Marijuana can be a valuable asset to society and its citizens who are in need for its medical use. Taking a look back in history, the prohibition of marijuana has failed to control its domestic use and production. The legalization of marijuana would be a likely cause to reduce crime and narcotic drug use. It is easier for children and young adults to access marijuana than alcohol. For example, liquor stores and other businesses that distribute alcohol are legally obligated to check possibly underage customers for valid identification. In contrast to the distribution of marijuana, a dealer is not likely to have a concern if it is a young child that wants to buy the marijuana, as long as he or she has the desired amount of money, the dealer will sell the marijuana to the buyer. If marijuana...
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...Wars and Revolutions of Western Civilizations Bobby Linnane HIS 102- OL012 Jan 2013 War and Revolutions have happened all over the world for many different reasons. Some were for social and cultural change, others for political change and most of them for nation dominance. The Wars and Revolutions in Europe had an everlasting impact and either heightened or hindered the area in which it took place. Yet through the masses of all the social and political upheaval, we see arise an alliance where the nation finally came together to turn any ones state strength or weakness to offset another. Revolutions 1830-1832 The revolutions of 1830 through 1832 were the breakthrough of liberalism in many areas of Western Europe. The July revolution in France from 1824-1830 was the pivotal point of liberalism. Charles X proclaimed four ordinances 1) dissolving the new Chamber 2) impose censorship on the press 3) reduce voting power to bankers, merchants, etc. and 4) election of the new basis. This produced the July Revolution and the upper class took action as to not be outcastes from political life. The workers and students in Paris put barricades in the city to fight away the army and police. These leaders wanted a democratic republic and workers wanted better conditions for employment. All these people simply wanted a king they could trust. When Charles X fled to England, Louis Philippe was offered the throne. He knew that he had received the throne through the insurrection...
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...1970s From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "Seventies" redirects here. For decades comprising years 70–79 of other centuries, see List of decades. From left, clockwise: U.S. President Richard Nixon doing the V for Victory sign after his resignation from office after the Watergate scandal in 1974; Refugees aboard a US naval boat after the Fall of Saigon, leading to the end of the Vietnam War in 1975; The 1973 oil crisis put the nation of America in gridlock and caused economic damage throughout the developed world; Both the leaders of Israel and Egypt shake hands after the signing of the Camp David Accords in 1978; The 1970 Bhola cyclone kills an estimated 500,000 people in the densely populated Ganges Delta region of East Pakistan (which would become independent as Bangladesh in 1971) in November 1970; The Iranian Revolution of 1979 ousted Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi who was later replaced by an Islamic theocracy led by Ayatollah Khomeini; The popularity of the disco music genre peaked during the middle to late 1970s. Millennium: | 2nd millennium | Centuries: | 19th century – 20th century – 21st century | Decades: | 1940s 1950s 1960s – 1970s – 1980s 1990s 2000s | Years: | 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 | Categories: | Births – Deaths – ArchitectureEstablishments – Disestablishments | The 1970s, pronounced "the Nineteen Seventies", refers to a decade within the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1970, and...
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...Part I: Identification Terms (5 @ 5 points each) Eight of the following terms will appear on the test, of which you will need to address five. Each will be worth 5 points, for a total of 25 points for the whole section. A good ID will be more than a sentence. You should write at least 4-5 sentences for each ID, being sure to define the term, explain its context, and identify its significance. Terms in BOLD are primarily from American Society since 1900. Paul Robeson: African American singer and actor who became involved with the Civil Rights Movement. He became politically involved in response to the Spanish Civil War, Fascism, and social injustices. His advocacy of anti-imperialism, affiliation with Communism, and his criticism of the US government caused him to be blacklisted during McCarthyism. Furthermore, Native Land was labeled by the FBI as communist propaganda. Anschluss: the occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938.[2] This was in contrast with the Anschluss movement (Austria and Germany united as one country) which had been attempted since as early as 1918 when the Republic of German-Austria attempted union with Germany which was forbidden by the Treaty of Saint Germain and Treaty of Versailles peace treaties. Germany became a dictatorship in 1933, when Adolf Hitler became chancellor. Hitler openly defied the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, which stated that Germany was not to acquire new territory or build up its military. Hitler...
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...CHAPTER 2. A HISTORY OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE IN AMERICA Written by: Tammy L. Anderson To appear in: Harrison, L., Anderson, T., Martin, S., and Robbins, C. Drug and Alcohol Use in Social Context. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing -1- A HISTORY OF DRUGS AND ALCOHOL IN THE UNITED STATES Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to review the history of drug use and its social control in the United States so that students can gain an improved and thorough understanding of today’s problems and policies. Our approach to this matter is sociological, i.e., exploring how the interconnection between culture, social institutions, groups, and individuals function to create drug-related phenomena. A sociological approach integrates many kinds of social, cultural, political, and economic factors that manifest themselves in everyday life. While pharmacology helps us comprehend how specific drugs impact brain activity, sociology can inform us about the social roots of drugrelated behaviors which ultimately shape beliefs and behavior and motivate social policy. Therefore, a review of drug use in the U.S. and the social response to it must consider many diverse phenomena. This broader framework will move us beyond domestic borders and into the international community, for the history of drug abuse is an international, socio-political marvel. Another idea warrants mentioning before we begin our history lesson. It centers on the idea that drug use and abuse are socially...
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...colony was established in 1607, on the James River at Jamestown. 5) The Pilgrims established at Plymouth Colony. 6) Mayflower Compact was established for people to govern themselves. 7) Colonies characterized by religious diversity many congregatinalists in the Middle colonies. 8) First Great Awakening in the 1740s led by Jonathan Edwards. 9) French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a watershed event in the political development of the colonies. 10) Stamp Acts of 1765 was enforced and imposed a tax on the colonies following the Seven Years War. 11) Boston Tea Party in 1773 protest against British taxes and government. * Key Court Cases: Witchcraft trials (1480-1750) executions of innocent people that were accused of being witches or involving with any witchcraft. * Important Documents 1) Mayflower Compact 2) Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges * Most influential person- Christopher Columbus * People establishing themselves in the new world and establishing a self governing government. Unit Two The Revolutionary War & Founding the New Nation (Ch. 6-9) * Years-1774-1789 * Presidents-None * Foreign Policies/Key Events 1) Plan of 1776 sets out...
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...colony was established in 1607, on the James River at Jamestown. 5) The Pilgrims established at Plymouth Colony. 6) Mayflower Compact was established for people to govern themselves. 7) Colonies characterized by religious diversity many congregatinalists in the Middle colonies. 8) First Great Awakening in the 1740s led by Jonathan Edwards. 9) French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a watershed event in the political development of the colonies. 10) Stamp Acts of 1765 was enforced and imposed a tax on the colonies following the Seven Years War. 11) Boston Tea Party in 1773 protest against British taxes and government. * Key Court Cases: Witchcraft trials (1480-1750) executions of innocent people that were accused of being witches or involving with any witchcraft. * Important Documents 1) Mayflower Compact 2) Pennsylvania Charter of Privileges * Most influential person- Christopher Columbus * People establishing themselves in the new world and establishing a self governing government. Unit Two The Revolutionary War & Founding the New Nation (Ch. 6-9) * Years-1774-1789 * Presidents-None * Foreign Policies/Key Events 1) Plan of 1776 sets out basic...
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...Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple Choice a. You will have 55 minutes to answer 70 Questions. b. Each question has options A, B,...
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...Block _________________ Table of Contents | Pages | AP World History Overview | 3 – 7 | The AP Exam | 3 | World Regions | 4 – 5 | Five Course Themes | 6 | Four Historical Thinking Skills | 7 | Essays Overview | 8 - 15 | Document-based Question (DBQ) | 8 – 12 | Change and Continuity over Time (CCOT) | 13 – 15 | Comparative Essay | 16 – 18 | Released Free Response Questions | 19 – 20 | AP Curriculum Framework | 21 – 38 | Period 1 (Up to 600 B.C.E.)—5% | 21 – 22 | Period 2 (600 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)—15% | 23 – 25 | Period 3 (600 to 1450)—20% | 26 – 28 | Period 4 (1450 to 1750)—20% | 29 – 31 | Period 5 (1750 to 1900)—20% | 32 – 35 | Period 6 (1900 to the present)—20% | 36 – 38 | Help with Some Confusing Subjects | 39 – 43 | Chinese Dynasties | 39 | Political, Economic, and Social Systems | 40 | Religions | 41 | Primary Sources | 42 | “Must Know” Years | 43 | * Many of the guidelines in this study packet are adapted from the AP World History Course Description, developed by College Board. The AP Exam Purchasing and taking the AP World History exam are requirements of the course. This year, the AP World History exam will be administered on: ___________________________________________ Format I. Multiple Choice a. You will have 55 minutes to answer 70 Questions. b. Each question has options A, B,...
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