...Arab Israel Conflict 1948 War started when 5 Arabs nations (Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan & Iraq) invaded territory in the just-ended-to-be-British Mandate. It happens right after the announcement of the independence of the state of Israel on 14th May 1948. The fight has actually begins before that, because of the Partition Resolution, the United State Resolution (that would divide Great Britain’s former Palestinian mandate into Jewish and Arab states) on 29/11/1947. Arab do not want to accept the arrangement that they think Jewish get more benefits in the arrangement. The United Nations resolution sparked conflict between Jewish and Arab groups within Palestine. Fighting began with attacks by irregular bands of Palestinian Arabs attached to local units of the Arab Liberation Army composed of volunteers from Palestine and neighboring Arab countries. These groups launched their attacks against Jewish cities, settlements, and armed forces. The Jewish forces were composed of the Haganah, the underground militia of the Jewish community in Palestine, and two small irregular groups, the Irgun, and LEHI. The goal of the Arabs was initially to block the Partition Resolution and to prevent the establishment of the Jewish state. The Jews, on the other hand, hoped to gain control over the territory allotted to them under the Partition Plan. The fighting intensified with other Arab forces joining the Palestinian Arabs in attacking territory in the former Palestinian mandate. On...
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...In the context of the period 1895-2000, how far can the birth of Israel be held responsible for the conflict over Palestine? The State of Israel was inaugurated on 14th May 1948 by David Ben-Gurion in what is now Independence Hall in Tel-Aviv. Since then Israel has had a turbulent history, the situation today maintaining this violent trend. This is the reason many hold Israel and thus its birth responsible for this century old conflict, however this reasoning is too simple for a conflict that has lasted for more than a century. An ancient claim, a nationalist movement, two wars, foreign powers, genocide and the UN created Israel, however there is more than one group of people; the other peoples that live in the land of Palestine can share the responsibility for the conflict alongside their Arab neighbours. However it is reasonable to say one can be held more responsible than the other. The Jewish people played an important part in the history of Palestine for many centuries before the birth of Christ. The Jewish version of this period is told in the Bible. It describes how God chose the Jews as his special people and gave them the land of Israel. Under the kings David and Solomon the Jews reached a peak of power in the 10th century before Christ however by the end of the second century AD Jews were no longer a majority in Palestine. The Diaspora had spread the Jewish people far across Europe where they suffered much anti-Semitic discrimination from persecution to the pogroms...
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...The Arab-Israeli Relations Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation The Arab-Israeli Relations Part 1: The Conflict The Arab-Israeli conflict started way back after the end of the Second World War. Since then, it has become one the most violent regions when viewed in a global scope. The conflict has been characterized by some catastrophic inter-state wars within the region, and it has been a matter of concern for most global powers. The conflict is one of the most profound and prolonged conflicts in the recent times and has been the major cause of wars in the Middle East. Though most people view it as an Arab-Israeli conflict, others see it in two dimensions namely; the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the Arab-Israeli conflict. The conflict can be traced back to that time in history when the Zionist movement came up with the idea to build a home for the Israelis in Palestine (Bickerton, 2012). The idea was met with opposition on the part of the Arab population in Palestine. The conflict attracted the neighboring Arab countries who took the Palestinian Arab side. In 1948, the state of Israel was established, and the existing conflict between Arabs in Palestine and the Israeli shifted from the local context to the inter-state level (Bickerton, 2012). Since then, the Israeli relations with the Arab world has taken different directions. The shifting process has been based on new and broken relationships between single Arab states and Israel. It has also...
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...Rappuhn 1 Allie Rappuhn Jeanne Foust 12 Honors English December 12, 2014 Israeli-Palestinian Conflict The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is an ongoing struggle between Israelis and Palestinians that began in the mid-20th century. If these two groups compromise and become two states, peace will hopefully come to this part of the world eventually (“Israeli-Palestinian Conflict”). The Israeli–Palestinian conflict has its roots in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the birth of major nationalist movements among the Jews and among the Arabs. Both groups headed towards attaining sovereignty for their own people in the Middle East. The collision between those two forces in southern Levant and the emergence of Palestinian nationalism in the 1920s eventually escalated into the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 1947, and expanded into the wider Arab-Israeli conflict later on (“A Synopsis of the Israel/Palestine Conflict”). The on-going debate is if the state of Palestine should become one state, or two states. There are people on both sides, of course, but which is really the best solution? Many people believe that dividing the state is the only solution. Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, in a June 14, 2009 transcript titled "Address by PM Netanyahu at Bar-Ilan University” takes the side of a two-state solution. He states, “In my vision of peace, in this small land of ours, two peoples live freely, side-by-side, in amity and mutual respect. Each...
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...and religious organizations assert a most important impact on international conflicts. To date, religious, ethnic and nationalist conflicts remain ignored in the study of international relations and peace. The end of The Cold War brought an escalation of nationalist violence and many expected an additional escalation of religious conflicts. Despite the attention given to the religious element of conflicts, it exists as an under-inquired subject. No critical study of the impact of religious organizations on conflict behavior or comparative research of peace-making and peace-building efforts of different religious organizations can document the facts we know in our hearts and should execute as human beings. World religious conflicts continue to affect global peace at a rate exceeding economic or political gains. Even the illustrious United States of America avoids engaging in war for “real reasons” of persecution. Using the veils of ability, lack of enemies, volunteer military, entrenched positions of foreign policy and a steady usurpation of power from Congress to the Presidency since the end of The Cold War (Huffington Post), our great nation engages for reasons of employing democracy as an assumption of our historical position. Regardless, the most disturbing form of conflict remains those of religiously tempered ancient struggles. In particular, the enduring and explosive struggle between the Israelis and the Palestinians remains front and center on the world stage throughout...
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...Issues that continue to block peace between Palestinians and Israelis The issue of Palestine and Israel is one that has been hotly contested for over a thousand years. The last fifty years have been especially important in the history of the Jewish people and Palestinians. Since the death of Yasser Arafat on the 11th of November 2004, and the election of Mahmoud Abbas as his successor as leader of the Palestinian Authority, significant steps have been taken towards a lasting peace. This will hopefully lead to a conclusion of the second Palestinian intifada, which began in late September 2000, and to an end of the oppression of the Palestinian people by the Israeli Defense Forces. Both Jews and Arabs have suffered heavily from the conflict, thousands of innocent civilians have died on both sides, and peace is in the interests of all. History of the Conflict The disputed territory that has been alternately referred to as Palestine and Israel is relatively small, the total area is only roughly 22 000 square kilometers. It is bordered by Jordan on the East, Lebanon on the North, Egypt and the Mediterranean Ocean on the West, and shares 76 kilometers of border with Syria in the North East. The two disputed territories that are occupied by the Israeli Army but under the autonomous control of the Palestinian Authority are the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. These two territories amount to roughly 6400 square kilometers, the West Bank makes up the majority of this area – it amounts...
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...Analysing the Israel-Palestine Conflict in International Relations Perspective Introduction to International Relations Analysing the Israel-Palestine Conflict in International Relations Perspective Background Since the early 20th Century, Israelis and Palestinians have been fighting over the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. With the assumption that Palestine is a state to facilitate discussion, this report sketches out the most significant elements of the conflict on the three levels defined by Kenneth Waltz, and applies the Realist theory of international relations (IR) to the “Two-State” solution. Levels of analysis 1. First Level The first level focuses on individuals involved in the international relations. On Israel’s side, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has an important role to play because he has the final word in all political decisions. On the side of Palestine, Mahmoud Abbas enjoys an even stronger position. Not only is he the chairman of Fatah and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), he is also the President of the Palestinian National Authority (PA), which is the ruling body for the Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank. He does not to have to face elections as he runs an authoritarian regime. On the regional level, the most influential figure is Mohamed Morsi, President of Egypt, who is vital to negotiating efforts for the conflict. Egypt is the first Arab country to accept Israel as a...
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...5/8/2014 Israeli–Palestinian conflict - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Israeli–Palestinian conflict From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Israeli–Palestinian conflict (Arabic: اﻟﻨﺰاع اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﯿﻨﻲ - اﻹﺳﺮاﺋﯿﻠﻲ al-Niza'a al'Filastini al 'Israili; Hebrew: הסכסוך הישראלי-פלסטיני Ha'Sikhsukh Ha'YisraeliFalestini) is the ongoing struggle between Israelis and Palestinians that began in the mid-20th century.[1] The conflict is wide-ranging, and the term is sometimes also used in reference to the earlier sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine, between the Zionist yishuv and the Arab population under British rule. The Israeli–Palestinian conflict has formed the core part of the wider Arab–Israeli conflict. It has widely been referred to as the world's "most intractable conflict".[3][4][5] Despite a long-term peace process and the general reconciliation of Israel with Egypt and Jordan, Israelis and Palestinians have failed to reach a final peace agreement. The remaining key issues are: mutual recognition, borders, security, water rights, control of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements,[6] Palestinian freedom of movement,[7] and resolving Palestinian claims of a right of return for their refugees. The violence of the conflict, in a region rich in sites of historic, cultural and religious interest worldwide, has been the object of numerous international conferences dealing with historic rights, security issues and human rights, and has been a factor hampering tourism in and...
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...Introduction The Arab-Israel conflict has lasted for decades now. The conflict stems from the declaration of the state of Israel that took place in 14th May, 1948.A partition plan which was adopted by the United Nations general assembly in November of 1947 had been opposed by Arab countries and Palestinian Arabs began attacking Jewish communities. The Arab league in itself had clearly shown it would prevent the state of Israel from being established by all means. This led to the invasion by Arab troops and resulted to Israel fighting and winning their war of Independence. This paper will look into the conflict between the Arabs and Israel and analyze the causes of the same in a bid to determine if there can be a solution that will eventually result to peace. Discussion Many of the Palestinian Arabs were expelled and became refuges in Arab countries with Israel revoking their right of return in order to avoid a situation whereby Arabs would be the majority in population. This dispute over the Palestinian right to return is one of the major obstacles in achievement of peace in the region. Many groups arising from the Palestinian side to fight, have indicated that if Palestinians were allowed to return, the state of Israel would cease to exist. In 1967, after the Arab countries had formed alliances against Israel and all negotiations had failed. Israel attacked and conquered the West bank and Gaza strip and other regions. It refused to return these areas after the Arab nations refused...
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...Hamid Sbai Ethnic Conflict In contemporary terms the source of ‘the troubles’ can be traced back to the partition of 1922 when 26 of Irelands 32 counties were transferred to the control of the new Irish Republic whereas 6 of the nine counties from the province of Ulster remained under British control due to the fact that they contained a majority of Unionists, generally of the protestant faith, although they did also contain a significant minority of nationalists, around a third of the population, who were generally of the Roman catholic faith. This then led to nationalists being treated unequally in terms of housing and employment with nationalists facing significantly higher rates of unemployment than their protestant neighbors. The catholic population of the six counties also faced a problem, in that the police force of the north, the RUC, were predominantly from protestant/unionist backgrounds, with Catholics accounting for around 12% of the total force, and were seen as upholding the unionist domination of the six counties, although the auxiliary police force, the B specials, were even more vehemently hated by Catholics perhaps with good reason given that due to their actions they were disbanded by the British prime minister in 1970. By 1969 then there was a powder keg atmosphere in the six counties with nationalists, inspired by events in America, agitating for civil rights and unionists attempting to sustain their domination. By the end of 1969 the RUC were no longer...
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...The United States and Israel Many people think that the Palestinian-Israeli conflict dates back to several centuries ago, but in truth, the conflict began with the creation of Israel in 1948. Tensions first arose between Jewish people and Palestinians after World War II, after many Jewish people immigrated to Palestine. The Palestinian people consisted of more than one faith, including a majority of Muslims and some Christians as well. Palestinians wanted the Jews to live in Palestine as a minority, however Zionist organizations wanted at least a partition to be approved by the U.N. General Assembly. The idea of a Jewish state became relevant to the United States in the 1940s, specifically when President Truman was preparing for re-elections. The United States has taken several different stances on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict dating back to the early 1900s – during the Zionist movement and preparation of creating a Jewish state - until today, and its stance has always been changing and inconsistent throughout history. Some U.S. Presidents have supported Israel from its creation while some have opposed Israeli settlements and put effort into achieving peace and giving Palestinians back their rights. The Zionist movement in the United States was pushing to create a Jewish state in Palestine around 1916. President Woodrow Wilson, a Presbyterian Christian, was inclined to the idea of a Jewish state, but his meetings with Zionist leaders were never documented by the State...
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...POLS 3447 Final Study Guide * Part 1 * 80 fill-in the blanks (30% and 10 possible extra credits points) * 30 from review sheet * Part 2 – Pick one out of 2 questions * Arab-Israeli conflict up to 1947 * Persian security, with the CIA intervention from 1950-1953 to the Gulf war in the 1990s * Part 3 – Essay * Challenges facing obama admin in middle east in second term * Persian gulf security * War on terror * Arab Israeli * How has it evolved since 1990 * Countries who voted NO to Palestine being a non-voting observer state at the United Nations * Canada * Czeck Republic * Marshall Islands * Micronesia * Palau * Nauru * Panama * Obama’s policy has been called “leading from behind” * Multi-dimensional approach * Trying to find consensus * Criticism * Pro: being smart considering the volatility of the Middle East * Con: not using America’s power effectively * Obama’s address in Cairo – 2009 1-6. In 1950 the government of Iranian Prime Minister Mossadegh nationalized the AIPOC (Anglo-Iranian Persian Oil Company) owned and operated by Great Britain. The Eisenhower administration finally decided to take action owing to the perceived growing threat of communism in Iran and in August 1953 launched Operation Ajax to overthrow Iran’s democratically elected government. Many observers believe this...
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...Israel-Palestine Introduction In the absence of peace, there is conflict. This might lead to war between countries if conflict is not handled carefully. Today it is almost a norm to see countries engaging others in war. Today the greatest problem facing many nations is international relation. Countries have failed to live like decent neighbors. There is disunity among many nations. War between nations is caused by mistrust and tension. Nations purchase arms to stock their armory. Major inventions are made daily in out on nuclear power and how to develop sophiscated weapons. This tries to explain the fact that countries are always in mistrust of each other. It also explains that there is constant tension between countries that one day they may engage in war. War is not acceptable. The consequences are dire and the outcome may last for ages. When nations are at war, there is always mortality and destruction of properties. At times, nation sign peace treaties. This is agreement to maintain a harmonious environment. This appears good on a piece of paper, but healing takes a lot of time. This explains the fact why war between countries may never end. The origin of the conflict Israel and Palestine are neighbors. A mention of the two nations brings a memory. The two have never been at peace. There has been constant fighting between the two sides up to date. The conflict is dated way back when the Middle East was still dominated by the British under the colonial rule. Middle...
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.... ìGETTING TO NOî AN ANALYSIS OF FAILED MEDIATION IN THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT (1993-2000) Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy Thesis Submitted by Ahsiya Posner 9 February 2003 Under the advisement of Professor Eileen Babbitt and Professor Diana Chigas ABSTRACT This paper will attempt this difficult but important task with the humble understanding that ìthe full storyî is impossible to know and telló even for the very participants of the process. Nevertheless, in this investigation, the author will explore four main questions. The first three questions are: 1) did the OPP set the Israelis and Palestinians on a trajectory that ìdoomedî CD2 from the start?; 2) were there problems inherent to the process and structure of CD2 that led to its failure?; and, 3) how should future mediation attempts of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict be structured in order to meet with more success? The fourth question, however, requires further introduction. The forthcoming study of CD2 will be guided by a ìProvisional Framework (PF)î of seven criteria that I believe are necessary ingredients to successful peacemaking processes. I devised this framework after consulting existing literature and scholars in the field of mediation and negotiation in general, as well as after reviewing scholarly pieces focusing on the Israel-Palestinian peace process in particular. Thus, after using this framework to analyze CD2, conclusions will thus be drawn with regard to a fourth and final question:...
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...Conflicts and negotiations that happened throughout history have shaped the world we live in today. Since the beginning of documented history conflicts have developed between countries over tangible issues, such as “borders, resources, and territory lost and won in the cycle of war” (Eisenberg & Caplan, 2010). These conflicts have lead to wars, were negotiated to create peace, or both. In the case of the conflicts and wars between the Egyptians and Israelis, a peace treaty was generated during the Camp David Accords in 1978. As “more and more occasions require negotiations” it is essential to learned about negotiation (Fisher, Ury, & Patton, 2011). It is useful to examine historical conflicts and negotiations, such as the Camp David Accords,...
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