...In the years leading up to the crisis, high consumption and low savings rates in the U.S. contributed to significant amounts of foreign money flowing into the U.S. from fast-growing economies in Asia and oil-producing countries. This inflow of funds combined with low U.S. interest rates from 2002-2004 resulted in easy credit conditions, which fueled both housing and credit bubbles. Loans of various types (e.g., mortgage, credit card, and auto) were easy to obtain and consumers assumed an unprecedented debt load. As part of the housing and credit booms, the amount of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities (MBS), which derive their value from mortgage payments and housing prices, greatly increased. Such financial innovation enabled institutions and investors around the world to invest in the U.S. housing market. As housing prices declined, major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS reported significant losses. Defaults and losses on other loan types also increased significantly as the crisis expanded from the housing market to other parts of the economy. Total losses are estimated in the trillions of U.S. dollars globally. While the housing and credit bubbles built, a series of factors caused the financial system to become increasingly fragile. Policymakers did not recognize the increasingly important role played by financial institutions such as investment banks and hedge funds, also known as the shadow banking...
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...Further Change Introduction 3.1 This chapter describes the major factors driving change in the financial system and identifies some of their implications. The key regulatory challenges posed by these developments are examined in more detail in later chapters. Material presented in this chapter represents preliminary observations of the Inquiry and will be refined and amended as necessary for the Final Report. 3.2 Four key factors driving change are: globalisation; ¾ technology; ¾ consumer needs and demands; and ¾ financial innovation. ¾ 3.3 While this chapter addresses these factors separately, they interact with and affect one another. For example, global competitors have emerged in Australian markets partly because technological developments have enabled them to access Australian consumers. Similarly, consumer demand for certain financial products, such as securitised home mortgages, has been stimulated by technological developments that have made those products both feasible and accessible to consumers. 3.4 This chapter also considers market implications of these driving change, including changes to wholesale markets, financial providers, products, and distribution channels. Some of these implications are evident as early trends now, and the real question factors service market is how . . . 45 Financial System Inquiry quickly such trends will be borne out. Others fall into the realm of the merely possible. In order to frame recommendations about the future...
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...A study on the franchising opportunities and the barriers to it in Pakistan A Proposal Submitted by: Faizan mujtaba malik TP027822 BA (hons).International Business Management In Partial fulfilment of requirements of the programme Bachelors of Arts in International Business Management Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation 06-11-2013 Abstract Recently countries over the world have been in a very fast economic development race with the most modern and appropriate strategies and technologies. However, franchising has been of the most successful and useful strategies that helped in the development and improvement of countries. On the other hand Pakistan is one of the developing countries that suffer from the lack of such strategies and technologies that would play the role in the economic development of the country. This report provides an overview of franchising strategy with its advantages and drawbacks. Moreover the report is about the market in Pakistan and provides a much clear image of the environmental factors and current situation in the country. The aim of research is to study the opportunities of franchising in Pakistan as well as the challenges that organizations face in the market of Pakistan specially in franchising. The research focuses on the environmental factors, political and social and cultural factors and its impact on the franchising market in Pakistan. The report also focuses on how technology and infrastructure can...
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...WORLD OF BITCOINS ¬¬¬ CONTENTS Page(s) 1. Introduction 3 2. Features of Bitcoin 4-9 3. Bitcoin Mining 10-11 4. Legality of Bitcoins in different countries 12-13 5. Pros and Cons of Recent Developments of Bitcoin 14-15 6. Legal Aspects of Bitcoin in India 16-19 7. Conclusion 20 8. References 21-23 INTRODUCTION We live in a world where transactions are made by traditional methods using separate currencies. This system has been implemented since the dawn of time. But for a more modern approach, a new form of currency called as crypto currency have been introduced by various organizations around the world. The first crypto currency to be introduced is the Bitcoin. Bitcoin is the creation of a computer programmer named using the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto that made its debut in January 2009. This is an open source, peer- to-peer, digital currency that has no physical manifestations. Unlike earlier digital currencies that had some central controlling person or entity, the USP of Bitcoin lies in its network being completely decentralized, with all parts of transactions performed by the users of the system. This is similar to the U.S. dollar so, Bitcoin is a fiat currency in that it is not redeemable for some amount of another commodity i.e. Bitcoin in itself...
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...COMPUTER CRIMES A Case Study submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the completion of the course in CIS401M: IT ETHICS AND LEADERSHIP Term 3, Academic Year 2014-2015 by LORETO V. SIBAYAN PAUL MATTHEW G. AVILA Master of Science in Information Technology College of Computer Studies April 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT 5 CHAPTER 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 6 CHAPTER 2 2.0 OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE 8 2.1 CYBERCRIME 9 2.2 THEORIES OF CRIME 2.2.1 CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES 10 2.2.2 PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES 12 2.3 TYPES OF CRIME 14 2.3 CAUSES CYBERCRIME 19 2.4 CYBERCRIME PREVENTION 22 CHAPTER 3 3.0 ANALYSIS CYBERCRIME CASES 26 SUMMARY OF CYBERCRIME CASES 38 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 43 REFERENCES 44 ABSTRACT The 21st century has brought about certain influences in the lives of everyone including the way we do business transactions, the way we gain education and the way we communicate; these influences are mostly revolutionized through the use of modern day technology and though these technologies have been proven to be beneficial to the entire society, it also carries with it aspects that can be worrying for everyone. Certain professionals in the said field use their expertise to illegally develop ways on how to take advantage of others with of course the use of technology hence cybercrime...
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...Accountancy Jump to: navigation, search Accountancy (profession)[1] or accounting (methodology) is the measurement, statement or provision of assurance about financial information primarily used by managers, investors, tax authorities and other decision makers to make resource allocation decisions within companies, organizations, and public agencies. The terms derive from the use of financial accounts. Accounting is the discipline of measuring, communicating and interpreting financial activity. Accounting is also widely referred to as the "language of business".[2] Financial accounting is one branch of accounting and historically has involved processes by which financial information about a business is recorded, classified, summarised, interpreted, and communicated; for public companies, this information is generally publicly-accessible. By contrast management accounting information is used within an organisation and is usually confidential and accessible only to a small group, mostly decision-makers. Tax Accounting is the accounting needed to comply with jurisdictional tax regulations. Practitioners of accountancy are known as accountants. There are many professional bodies for accountants throughout the world. Many allow their members to use titles indicating their membership or qualification level. Examples are Chartered Certified Accountant (ACCA or FCCA), Chartered Accountant (FCA, CA or ACA), Management Accountant (ACMA, FCMA or AICWA), Certified Public Accountant...
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...4/23/2011 Form 10-K 10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 OR TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to Commission File Number 1-5231 McDONALD’S CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 36-2361282 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) One McDonald’s Plaza Oak Brook, Illinois (Address of principal executive offices) 60523 (Zip code) Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (630) 623-3000 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Name of each exchange on which registered Title of each class Common stock, $.01 par value New York Stock Exchange Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None (Title of class) Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes No Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Act. Yes No...
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...Global Financial Crisis: The 2007–2012 global financial crisis, also known as the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), late-2000s financial crisis or the second "Great Recession", is considered by many economists to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s.[1] It resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, the bailout of banks by national governments and downturns in stock markets around the world. In many areas, the housing market also suffered, resulting in numerous evictions, foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. It contributed to the failure of key businesses, declines in consumer wealth estimated in trillions of US dollars, and a significant decline in economic activity, leading to a severeglobal economic recession in 2008.[2] The financial crisis was triggered by a complex interplay of valuation and liquidity problems in the United States banking system in 2008.[3][4] The bursting of the U.S. housing bubble, which peaked in 2007, caused the values of securities tied to U.S. real estate pricing to plummet, damaging financial institutions globally.[5][6] Questions regarding bank solvency, declines in credit availability and damaged investor confidence had an impact on global stock markets, where securities suffered large losses during 2008 and early 2009. Economies worldwide slowed during this period, as credit tightened and international trade declined.[7] Governments and central banks responded with unprecedented fiscal stimulus...
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...Narcotic Drugs | Governments of opium-producing Parties are required to "purchase and take physical possession of such crops as soon as possible" after harvest to prevent diversion into the illicit market. | Signed | 30 March 1961 | Location | New York City | Effective | 8 August 1975 [1] | Condition | 40 ratifications | Parties | 185[1] | Depositary | Secretary-General of the United Nations | Languages | Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs at Wikisource | The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research. As noted below, its major effects included updating the Paris Convention of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ones. From 1931 to 1961, most of the families of synthetic opioids had been developed, including drugs in whatever way related to methadone, pethidine, morphinans and dextromoramide and related drugs; research on fentanyls and piritramide was also nearing fruition at that point. Earlier treaties had only controlled opium, coca, and derivatives such as morphine, heroin and cocaine. The Single Convention, adopted in 1961, consolidated those treaties and...
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...PAUL KRUGMAN WINNER OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN ECONOMICS THE RETURN OF DEPRESSION E C O N O M CS AND T H E C R I S I S OF I 2 0 0 8 ISBN 9 7 8 - 0 - 3 9 3 - 0 7 1 0 1 - 6 W USA $24.95 CAN. $27.50 hat better guide could we have to the 2008 financial crisis and its resolution than our newest Nobel Laureate in Economics, the prolific columnist and author Paul Krugman? In his prescient 1999 classic, The Return of Depression Economics, Krugman surveyed the economic crises that had swept across Asia and Latin America and pointed out that they were a warning for all of us: like diseases that have become resistant to antibiotics, the economic maladies that caused the Great Depression were making a comeback. In the years that followed, as Wall Street boomed and financial wheeler-dealers made vast profits, the international crises of the 1990s faded from memory. But now depression economics has come to America. When the great housing bubble of the mid-2000s burst, the U.S. financial system proved as vulnerable as those of developing countries caught up in earlier crises—and a replay of the 1930s seems all too possible. In this new, greatly updated edition of The Return of Depression Economics, Krugman shows how the failure of regulation to keep pace with an increasingly out-of-control financial system set the United States and the world up for the greatest financial crisis since the 1930s. He also lays out the steps that must be taken...
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...The Malaysian Financial System CCP-FSPC 1-1 Chapter 1 – The Malaysian Financial System Content Outline 1. The Banking System ............................................................................. 1-2 2. The Functions and Responsibilities of Monetary and Non-Monetary Institutions ............................................................................................. 1-6 3. The Functions and Responsibilities of Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries...................................................................................... 1-16 4. Other Institutions / Bodies.................................................................. 1-30 5. Summary and Conclusion .................................................................. 1-34 Practice Questions ...................................................................................... 1-35 Learning Objectives What you should achieve after completing this chapter: • Understand the importance of the Malaysian financial system; • Be able to apply the relevant statutory and regulatory provisions governing the Malaysian banking system; • Appreciate the functions and responsibilities of monetary and non-monetary institutions, together with non-bank financial intermediaries; • Gain knowledge of the role of Bank Negara Malaysia; and • Understand the scope of the regulatory framework within the Malaysian financial system. © Institut Bank-Bank Malaysia 1-2 CCP-FSPC The Malaysian Financial System 1...
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...es acculpa dolecae. Re nes eum nescimos inci dolum venihilitem ius, aut earchic ideriss equam, omnim nonet voles est quaere reptas am fugiatiis et rempelibus alibus. Ommost od et ulpa quid et mo blaut odi testios et, officia sitaqua sperum ipid qui blandaecus aperum dit vidis vollenda nimporr ovitatem nonet accusdaeris et aut earchilique porent. Itat odis nulpa se proreni sinciae. Ent eatur, coria voluptation ex et estionet remporporum quid ma culpa quate mincil moloria ndaestrunt. Minctas mi, tesciis delesti stiorrorest modipic iusdaniata nobit et lamet eum fuga. At rerspid itempor as quunt ationet omniendipis vendios con nulluptur, si deles pos magnam incid quos delique essequam nes dendis sae poremqui dit occabora in est, nimuscitiore di omnimodit quatum voluptas acerupit invenim inienimet volorecabo. Nam, ni omnis min res experio. Et omnimil lestruptate in est, ium volupis delest lique lab illoritatus. Henihit atiorestia dolor sit perspel endignis quo mod mincit quist fugit inci qui rehenis repero mo voles management in practice Riassi dentiumquam, officiis aligenihita nossimint. For Certificate IV BSB41013 and Diploma BSB50613 ly volorrum rehent officabo. Corio maiore ni ullore quis et quaecepremo et on Lisimaxi magnihicit esciendit que eratem. Non eos ipsam quo to maximagnam human resource management in practice e ese ped eveliquis il mi, ommolup tatinis etur sequiscienis autaque earibus. pl alitior estrund emquodiatur...
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...operating systems. By the first weekend in May, American Express, the Associated Press, the British Coast Guard, universities, and hospitals reported that the Sasser worm had swamped their systems. Computer troubles led Delta Airlines to cancel 40 flights and delay many others. Microsoft quickly posted a $250,000 reward, and by mid-May, authorities apprehended Sven Jaschen, a German teenager. Jaschen confessed and was convicted after a three-day trial. Jaschen could have received up to five years in prison, but because he was tried as a minor, the court suspended his 21-month sentence, leaving him with only 30 hours of community service. Copyright © 2007 by Thomson Course Technology. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by federal copyright law. No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior permission in writing from Course Technology. Some of the product names and company names have been used for identification purposes only and may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective manufactures and sellers. Authorities said that once Jaschen realized the havoc the Sasser worm was causing, he tried to...
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...University of Macerata DPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCES, COMMUNICATION AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS MASTER’S DEGREE in Studi Politici e Internazionali ‘International Economic and Trade Relations’ LM–62 MASTER THESIS in DEVELPOMENT ECONOMICS Foreign Exchange regimes and major currencies Supervisor Student Prof. Paolo Sospiro Parapatakam Praveen Reddy MAT: 62282 ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014 Contents Introduction 5 Chapter 1 7 1. History of exchange rate regimes: 7 1.1 Gold Standard System (1880-1914): 7 1.2 Interim instability (1914-1944): 7 1.3 Bretton woods system (1946-1971). 8 Figure1.World Trade (1929-33).............................................................................................9 1.4 Par Value system: 9 2. Classification of Exchange Rate Regimes: 10 2.1 De facto Classification (1998-2009) 11 Diagram1. De Facto Classification of Foreign Exchange Regimes (Nov 1998 – Jan 2009).......12 2.2 Revised De Facto Classification System (2009 January to Present): 15 Table1. Shares of Classifications Using the 1998 and 2009 Systems. 16 2.3 Revised Classification System Definitions: 17 Hard pegs: 17 Soft pegs: 18 Floating arrangements: 19 Residual: 20 2.4 De facto Classification of Exchange Rate Arrangements...
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...Strengthening the Ombudsman Institution in Asia Improving Accountability in Public Service Delivery through the Ombudsman About the Asian Development Bank ADB’s vision is an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. Its mission is to help its developing member countries reduce poverty and improve the quality of life of their people. Despite the region’s many successes, it remains home to two-thirds of the world’s poor: 1.8 billion people who live on less than $2 a day, with 903 million struggling on less than $1.25 a day. ADB is committed to reducing poverty through inclusive economic growth, environmentally sustainable growth, and regional integration. Based in Manila, ADB is owned by 67 members, including 48 from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. Strengthening the Ombudsman Institution in Asia Accountability is essential for good governance, and in many Asian countries the ombudsman is the key accountability institution. Originating in the West, the concept of the ombudsman arrived relatively late in Asia. Yet more and more ombudsman offices are being established in Asia, and they play a critical role in the fight against incompetence and injustice on the part of government officials. This report presents in-depth research on Asian ombudsmen, with a focus on best practices and emerging issues, especially in the context...
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