...The Middle Ages Do you know the chivalry of the knight? Do you know the famous Notre Dame de Paris? And do you know the martyr Giordano Bruno? I believe many of us at least have heard something about these. And they all share an identical time label. That is the Middle Ages. And today, I will introduce the Middle Ages in 4 parts: its history, religion, culture and economy. First is about the history. The Middle Ages is the second stage of the European history in a traditional division which divided the European history into 3 ages, namely the Classical Civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Modern Period. The Middle Ages lasted for roughly a millennium from the year of 476 to 1453, commonly dating from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Early Modern Period in the 16th century. During that time, the ruling regime was the feudalization which comes from the legal and martial liability of the noblesse. The 3 main features about it are seignior homager and land. The seigniors are the noblesse who have land. And the homagers fighting for them will get land as rewards. There were many seigniors who have homagers and knights fighting for them, leading to mass wars and armed conflicts. Since it was under the time of cold arms, the soldiers had to fight with bow and arrow, sword and for the knights, lances and pikes under the protection of Armor and shield. In these endless wars, there were several relative small empires...
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...of the Industrial Revolution for the common man were the overall improvement in the standard of living and the advancement of education. With the exception of Russia in the nineteenth century, major countries which experienced an Industrial Revolution also experienced a dramatic growth in the middle class. Prior to the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, most countries had a small ruling class with the majority of the population made up of serfs or peasants. The development of a middle class comprised of merchants, traders, investors and artisans had begun in the Middle-Ages, but was limited to a small minority. Poverty was the experience of the masses, and still is the standard for the majority of people in underdeveloped nations. The mechanization and automation of tasks that had formerly been labor intensive, increased production of goods and provided a broader choice of employment opportunities. These new employment opportunities for unskilled or uneducated workers provided a higher income than had previously been available to them in an agrarian society and eventually created a broader stratus between the upper and lower classes. Industrialization gave rise to a growing middle class with more disposable income and a desire for modern housing, clothes and modes of transportation. This increased demand for goods and services created a market for expanded production which in turn fueled economic growth which benefited all social classes. A second significant social...
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...Samson Diegbegha 5/26/2009 Moscow University Touro; Course Title; History of Philosophy, Project Titled; History of Capitalism By; Professor; Marion Wyse Table of content 1:1…….…..………………………………………………………………………Introduction 1:2..………….………………………………………………………………capitalism history 1.3.…….………………………………………..….. Merchant capitalism and mercantilism 1:4……………………………………………….. Transition from 'feudalism' to capitalism 1:5……………………………………………………. Industrial capitalism and laissez-faire 1:6…………………………………………… Finance capitalism and monopoly capitalism 1:7……………………………………………… Capitalism following the Great Depression 1:8……………………………...………………………………………………... Globalization 1:9………………………..………………………………………………………… conclusion 1:10……………………………………………………………………….…………. References The History of capitalism 1; 1 Introduction | Capitalism as we all know is an economic system of producing wealth in which the wealth is privately owned. in capitalism, the land, labor, and capital are owned and operated by private individuals who are trading for one purpose that is, the generation of more income or profits in a legitimate way without force or fraud, by singly or jointly, and investments, distribution, income, production, pricing and supply of goods, commodities and services are determined by voluntary private decision in a market economy. A distinguishing feature of capitalism is that each person is entitled to his or her own labor and therefore is allowed to sell the use of it to any employee....
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...1. Unrestricted Capitalism in America Determining the overall importance of the Homestead Strike in the American Civil Labor Movement requires the investigation to examine the reasons for which the common laborer moved towards unionism and, later, full-fledged strikes. The overarching structure of American capitalist society which grew significantly in the Progressive era which extended from post reconstruction into the early 20th century and consisted of the laborers of which was the most significant portion of the population; and the management which included a very select, miniscule percentage of the population. During this period agrarian work declined and did not have a large effect on the Labor Movement and the corresponding events...
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...Reformation The Reformation was one of the greatest religious and political movements of the 16th century, aimed at reforming the practises and beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church. Beginning in 1517, The Reformation was led by a German monk, known as Martin Luther. Luther argued that the Roman Catholic Church was corrupt and that it should be reformed, in attempt to making it fair, less greedy, and accessible to all people. He declared authority should be derived from the Bible, not the Pope or the Church, giving rise to Protestant systems of belief. This conflict caused a split in the Church, and separated the Christians of Western Europe into Protestants and Catholics. The disruption also triggered a series of wars, persecutions and the...
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...The rise of the bourgeoisie The bourgeoisie in short is known as the middle class which is the basis of the capitalist society; it consists of the likes of the manufactures of production, capitalists, bankers and other owners of production, exploiting the working class also known as the proletariat. In the communist manifesto Marx describes his patterns of class struggle and how the bourgeoisie falls from its pedestal of power and the proletariat turns the tables of social class under the reform of capitalism. Marx’s class theory is built on the foundations of “the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles” which in theory believes that since human society has begun there has been a fundamental divide among...
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...as a source of examples, the themes are not necessarily fixed in time, depicting modernity not as a historical age, but as a developmental stage that happened to be reached by the west in the last 200 years. Indeed, while the event and developments depicted in Singer’s themes happened in a certain time in western history, they do not preclude those events being replayed at a later time. Singer’s work presents modernity outside the temporal perimeters established in the earlier works he cites, but as an absolute set of conditions. In Singer’s argument, the modern moment depicted by Kern and others is not identified in a specific event or series of events that epitomized a confluence of cultural and intellectual change, but rather a outline of conditions that constitute “modern” from “pre-modern” in the same way that one can determine...
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...conditions of life, must give way. They must, perish in the revolutionary holocaust” (Karl Marx). Marxism was created in the mid-1800s by two German philosophers named Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Since the beginning of the 21st century Marxism has been making a comeback due to Marxism-Leninism in Asia and Eastern Europe, different morals of the upcoming generation, and due to the fact that it is one of the key components of the Communist style government that is being introduced around the world. Marxism-Leninism was created together in 1929, which was 5 years after Lenin’s death, by Joseph Stalin. Many communist parties today imagine it...
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...Workers during the Progressive Era continued to form unions such as the International Ladies’ Garment Workers Union. In 1909, the women workers had a walkout against the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, demanding better hours, working conditions and wages. This walkout achieved better wages for the women, however working conditions and hours were still horrific. On Saturday March 25, 1911 a fire broke out on the eighth, ninth and tenth floors of the Company. Due to the lack of emergency exits many of the workers were trapped and within half an hour 146 immigrant women were dead. The accounts of Kate Alterman, Anna Gullo and Ida Nelson in the primary source tell of people running around trying to find ways to escape. People were jumping out of windows and falling to death because the safety nets could not catch people jumping from that height. The Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire and the strike of 1909 even though unsuccessful sparked the beginning of progressive reform and workplace safety....
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...------------------------------------------------- Post–World War II economic expansion From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia "Golden Age of capitalism" redirects here. Other periods this term may refer to are Gilded Age and Belle Époque. In the United States and several other countries, the boom was manifested insuburban development and urban sprawl, aided by automobile ownership. Many Western governments funded large infrastructure projects during this period. Here the redevelopment of Norrmalm and theStockholm Metro, Sweden. The post–World War II economic expansion, also known as the postwar economic boom, the long boom, and the Golden Age of Capitalism, was a period of economic prosperity in the mid-20th century which occurred, following the end of World War II in 1945, and lasted until the early 1970s. It ended with the collapse of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the 1973 oil crisis, and the 1973–1974 stock market crash, which led to the 1970s recession. Narrowly defined, the period spanned from 1945 to 1952, with overall growth lasting well until 1971, though there are some debates on dating the period, and booms in individual countries differed, some starting as early as 1945, and overlapping the rise of the East Asian economies into the 1980s or 1990s. During this time there was high worldwide economic growth; Western European and East Asian countries in particular experienced unusually high and sustained growth, together with full employment. Contrary to early...
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...I know I’m dating myself by writing this, but I remember the middle class. I grew up in an automaking town in the 1970s, when it was still possible for a high school graduate — or even a high school dropout — to get a job on an assembly line and earn more money than a high school teacher. “I had this student,” my history teacher once told me, “a real chucklehead. Just refused to study. Dropped out of school, a year or so later, he came back to see me. He pointed out the window at a brand-new Camaro and said, ‘That’s my car.’ Meanwhile, I was driving a beat-up station wagon. I think he was an electrician’s assistant or something. He handed light bulbs to an electrician.” In our neighbors’ driveways, in their living rooms, in their backyards, I saw the evidence of prosperity distributed equally among the social classes: speedboats, Corvette Stingrays, waterbeds, snowmobiles, motorcycles, hunting rifles, RVs, CB radios. I’ve always believed that the ’70s are remembered as the Decade That Taste Forgot because they were a time when people without culture or education had the money to not only indulge their passions, but flaunt them in front of the entire nation. It was an era, to use the title of a 1975 sociological study of a Wisconsin tavern, of blue-collar aristocrats. That all began to change in the 1980s. The recession at the beginning of that decade – America’s first Great Recession – was the beginning of the end for the bourgeois proletariat. Steelworkers showed...
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...Head: ART AND CULTURE THROUGH THE MIDDLE AGES AND BEYOND Art and Culture through the Middle Ages and Beyond IWT1 Abstract In this essay I compare the art of Middle Ages period to the art of the Pop Art period. I begin by explaining each period and the social and cultural factors contributing to art during the era. I then give examples of musical works from each time, a liturgical piece from Guillaume de Machaut, and a rock and roll song from Pop Art icon Elvis Presley. A summary includes a compare and contrast of the styles in whole and of the specific pieces, noting the impact of rock and roll on modern day music and society. Art and Culture through the Middle Ages and Beyond The subject of art throughout history is one that is widely debated and highly subject to interpretation. One thing that isn’t debatable is that cultural influences from centuries ago are as relevant as ever, from theming box office movies to manipulating the way we see the world around us. Of course, art forms are available in a wide variety, but I find music to be perhaps the most influential. To further elaborate, I will give an explanation of two separate periods of music through history in the following essay. The Middle Ages The Middle Ages, also referred to as the Medieval period, was a time when science and technology were being pursued perhaps more than ever, yet humanism wasn’t quite in the lead. “We are inclined today to romanticize the Middle Ages as a time when things were simpler...
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...most of its successors,” said Bernard Lewis, a historian of the Middle East. (Akoyl) Islamic scholars and teachers lit the flame that would spread to Europe and ignite the fire which brought forth the Renaissance and Age of Enlightenment. For centuries, Islam was at the forefront of human civilization and achievements. The Golden Age of Islam was extraordinary, ground breaking and original, but like many things throughout time, it came to an end. Contemporary Islam no longer...
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...They came from the north seeking upward social mobility, free markets for their crops, freehold property, inflated money supplies, decentralized credit markets, good or at least limited government whose local branches would be under their control, and the right to worship in their Protestant churches without interference. Slavery was beginning to be questioned during this period. Agrarian capitalists sought advantage and land for families in North Carolina. "Their desire," she writes, "to create communities based on strict moral values led evangelicals and radical Protestants to attempt to regulate the behavior of their fellow Christians." These groups "supervised family conduct in such areas as childrearing, courtship, and marriage, as well as deportment in politics and business" (113). This is a clear description of middle-class, Protestant American culture. Throughout the nineteenth century, white Protestant Americans, and indeed many free Protestant African Americans, would try with great success to make the entire country to keep their image. Such moral crusading, emphasis on good government, and material restraint was the very soil in which nineteenth-century American capitalist culture grew. The reality, for certain, was often quite different from the ideal, but the ideal continued to exist into the twentieth...
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...provide for people. When the word had gotten out about America and what it had to provide, a vast amount of immigrants started pouring in, in search of a better life and better fortune. The industries of Eastern United States keenly employed these immigrants because they were willing to work long hours for low wages, and the rich capitalists took advantage of this situation. Capitalists and the incoming immigrants never saw eye to eye, and strikes would break out often, some ending in violence or death. Most workers had no political freedom nor even have a voice in the company that employed them because of the industrial system that curtailed their rights. The life of a nineteenth century American industrial worker was far from easy, even during what seem to be good times, wages were low, hours long and work conditions dangerous. The general issue that raised between the two, what has for many years before is that, little of the wealth being made is being distributed to the working class. This situation was worse for women and children who took up more of the work force than men, and still made half of what men usually would make. Work conditions were often tedious because workers would do tasks over and over while working an average 10 hour days, six days a week. Since there was a lack of government regulation, it led to unsafe and unhealthy work sites; and most employers did not offer payment if any of their workers got hurt or killed on the job site. An example of poor work conditions...
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