...III. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study I. We all know that the world is now facing an energy crisis and everyone is trying to do something about that. Now you can show everyone that electrical energy or electricity can be made from air and saltwater. After all, both the air and the saltwater are freely available everywhere. These are the two things that we have plenty of them. technology for electricity has evolved over time, but the basic principles of positive and negative charges can be demonstrated by creating a simple battery with supplies around the house and from a small electronics or home improvement store. Also known as an air battery, a saltwater battery uses the positive and negative ions from salt in water to generate a small amount of energy, enough to power a small, low voltage light bulb. Metal electrodes can be fashioned from metal nails that are long enough to extend past the water line of the solution. B. Statement of the Problem II. Why does salt conduct electricity in Water? C. Significance of the Study III. Unfortunately, When we do this investigatory project, it can helps the society, they can do it by their self, you can do by your own, or by your groups in society. Our investigatory project is little bit harder and easy, but we can sure that we can help other people, if we can do this experiment. D. Scope and Delimitation of the Study IV. Unfortunately, the cost of the technology to convert the saltwater will cost...
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...Conference of the Energy Storage Council March 3, 2003 Houston, TX AGENDA • INTRODUCTION • TECHNOLOGIES • PROJECTS • FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS • CONCLUSIONS Motivation for Electrical Energy Storage Price of Electricity Power Generation Energy Storage Time - Make Use of Volatile Electricity Prices - INTRODUCTION • Electricity! 3rd Largest Business in the USA $300 billion/per annum. • Demand for Electricity is seldom constant over time. • Excess generation during low demand periods - can be stored. • Stored Energy can provide Electricity during high demand. • Help reduce power system loads. • Improve Efficiency and Reliability. • Make better use of efficient Baseload generation. • Allow use of Renewable Energy technologies. TECHNOLOGIES • • • • Batteries Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) Flywheels Pumped Hydro Storage Two Main Categories: • Bulk Energy Storage – CAES-PHS • Distributed Energy Storage – Batteries-Flywheels-Other (capacitors) PROJECTS • OPERATING • UNDER CONSTRUCTION • PLANNED PROJECTS OPERATING • Bulk Energy Storage • PHS (Pumped Hydro) - First introduced circa 1904 in Swiss Alps. – 100,000 MW Europe, Asia & Latin America. – 21,000 MW Japan. – 18,900 MW in USA. (Installed 1970-1990) • CAES (Compressed Air Energy Storage) – Two Highly Successful Plants in Operation • E.ON (Germany) 290 MW Huntorf Facility • Alabama Electric Cooperative (USA) 110MW McIntosh Facility PUMPED HYDRO STORAGE (PHS) Ogelthorpe...
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...pennies, brass, and nails | |___K__ Antimony |B. Used to make fertilizer, paper, film, matches, tires, and drugs | |__E___ Beryllium |C. Used to make phosphate fertilizer and is found in soft drinks | |___F__ Coal |D. Most abundant element used to make containers and | |__G___ Copper |deodorants | |__H___ Flint |E. Found in metal alloys for air crafts as well as emeralds | |___L__ Fluorite |F. Used to produce 56% of electricity in the US | |____I_ Galena |G. Used to make electrical wires, brass, bronze, coins, plumbing, | |__M___ Gold |and jewelry | |__J___ Gypsum |H. Used to make arrowheads, spear points, and knives; may be | |___R__ Halite |used to start a fire | |___N__ Hematite |I. Primary source of lead, used to make batteries...
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...law relating to intellectual property, copyright and plagiarism in this exercise” ................................. Sahan Wijeratne MBA/15/3904 08th October, 2015 1. Introduction – The Inception of the Modern Electric Vehicle The concept of the Electric Vehicle, although generally conceived as a modern invention, finds its origins as early on as the turn of the Eighteenth century. An electric vehicle (EV), also known as an electric drive vehicle, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion. An electric vehicle may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources, or may be self-contained with a battery or generator to convert fuel to electricity, the latter being the base for the modern electric automobile that used globally today. Electric Vehicles first came into popular existence in the mid-19th century, when electricity was among the preferred methods for motor vehicle propulsion, providing a level of comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline cars of the time. Contrary to the trends in most other sectors, greenhouse gas emissions of the transport sector are still increasing, and are predicted to grow further in the coming years, at current policies. As there is no simple solution to the challenge...
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...at the the top. The cylindrical chamber consists of a burning chamber just as in case of oil fired burners, which are lined with refractory materials at the inside. An oil fired burner is provided to initiate the ignition process. It is extremely important that the temperature inside the cylinder is controlled and for this reason thermostats are used. To provide an uninterrupted flow of air for the combustion, forced draft fans are provided. The air supplied is directed upwards in swirls with the help of strategically designed ports. A rotating shaft with blades is attached at the center, which helps for a faster combustion process and also prevents incomplete combustion. The ash and the residue thus generated due to the combustion is forced at the periphery by this rotating shaft. The ash is pushed into an ash hopper and it gets collected there. A door is provided to dump the waste inside the incinerator. This door pneumatically operated and when opened shuts down the fan and the burner automatically. Not all the ash gets collected in the ash hopper. Some of the ash due to the forced air goes up to the chimney with the smoke. To remove this ash from the smoke a char eliminator is used. A char eliminator is similar to a filter paper. A sight glass is provided at the side of the incinerator to keep a watch at the burning process. All the processes are controlled with the help of a control panel that is fitted on or near the incinerator. Working and disposing Solid waste...
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...Company Any resemblance between the names of the fictitious players in the following scenario and those of actual persons, corporations or products is purely coincidental. Please note: In order to remain consistent with industry standards, the standard units of measure used in the case are stated in imperial units. Within this document, all imperial measures (distance, area, volume and weight) have been rounded. Brightstar Mining Company 2012 Board Report CMA Canada 1 BRIGHTSTAR MINING COMPANY Organizational Background Brightstar Mining Company (BMC) is a publicly traded, Canadian company that is engaged in the development and operation of mineral properties in North America. Currently, BMC operates two copper mines and one zinc mine, extracts and mills the ore and sells it to customers in concentrate form. The company was founded 15 years ago by Charles Stuart and is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. Stuart worked for many years in a large, diversified mining company as a geologist specializing in copper exploration. His position required him to spend a significant amount of time travelling to mining sites all over the world, and this began to have an adverse affect on his family life. In order to spend more quality time with his family, he decided to establish his own mining company. In 1997, he founded BMC. As President and CEO, Stuart began operations with the purchase of a copper mine in British Columbia, naming it the Tayton Mine after his favourite...
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...light, heat and wind power. Integrated nanotechnologies enable the nanoleaves to convert solar radiation (light & heat) into electricity. Furthermore, the leaf petiole or the stem, and twigs comprise nano-piezovoltaic material -- these tiny generators produce electricity from movement or kinetic energy caused by wind or falling raindrops. A fundamental flaw in conventional solar cells is that electrons give too much energy by sunlight and lose that energy in heat form, as the electrons move thermally to the bottom of the conduction band. Solar Botanic "hot carrier" solar cells would use quantum dots (i.e., nano-particles) to confine electrons long enough so that they could be extracted before their energy dissipates as heat. With this process of combining the conversion of light, heat and wind, more energy is generated, as the "hot carrier" can now be efficiently used with the implementation of thermo-voltaic cells. The design of the nanoleaves is based on the principles of photosynthesis, a natural process where plants extract the light from solar energy, and along with CO2 from the atmosphere, convert it to starches and oxygen, the oxygen being emitted to the atmosphere. However, nanoleaves development has gone a step further, in that they are capable of harvesting the thermal and light energy from the sun’s energy and convert it to electricity. The stems of the nanoleaves are designed to collect kinetic energy from the wind, which they also convert to electric-al energy...
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...different types of alternative fuels which are Ethanol, Natural Gas, Propane, Hydrogen, Bio-Diesel, Electricity, Methanol and P-series. All these alternative fuels have different properties, different source used, and different vehicle's used and different impact on the environment and on the world. But one point to be noted is that even though they have different impact on environment, alternative fuels in vehicles can generally reduce harmful pollutants and exhaust emissions. Another interesting fact I found about these fuels in particular is that they can rather be domestically produced and can be derived from renewable resource but the fossil fuels which are being used today such as petroleum and diesel cannot be derived from renewable source. Once these fossil fuels will be extinct alternative fuels are the one which will come to use. I personally think that if even a small majority of the people in the world start using alternative fuels then the pollution and disease will decline and the pressure on fossil fuels, of course, will decrease. The advantages to use alternative fuels are massive. The impact of alternative fuels can have on earth, on people, on so many things is just great. Using alternative fuels can change a lot of things on earth a pollution free place. Here are some possible alternative means of propulsion for road vehicles. 1. Biodiesel 2. Electricity 3. Ethanol 4. Hydrogen 5. Natural Gas 6. Propane BIODIESEL Biodiesel is a fuel made by chemically...
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...and Effects of A Commodity Price Change In The Malaysia Market A commodity is a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold without qualitative differentiation across a market, such as gold or wheat. A Commodity also maintains a close universal price regardless of who produces it. The main commodities such as aluminium, cocoa, coffee, copper, corn, copper, cotton crude oil, lead, heating oil, gold, lean hogs, live cattle, natural gas, nickel, platinum, palm oil, soybeans oil, soybean, silver, sugar, tin, unleaded gas, wheat and zinc. Economic recovery will make food, metals and other raw materials more expensive in 2011, the head of the World Trade Organization said on Monday. Addressing a United Nations conference, WTO Director-General Pascal Lamy said the prices of crude oil, copper, gold, corn and soybeans would be rises most this year, with less pronounced increases in natural gas, zinc and cattle. Besides that, Frenchman said "2011 will see the prices of most commodities rise, as the rise in global GDP bolsters demand, led by emerging economies”, estimating worldwide economic output would increase 4 percent in 2011. Over 70 percent of the growth will come from commodity-intensive emerging markets. China, India and Latin America, in particular, will be acting as a 'pull' for global commodities. That’s means rising commodity prices could be a boon for countries where raw materials are grown, mined, produced and refined. The commodity price...
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...1 General Science General Science CHAPTER I. CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER I CHAPTER I CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER II CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER III CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER V CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER IX 2 CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER X CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVI General Science CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXV CHAPTER XXXV CHAPTER XXXV General...
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...these technologies. However, in the effort to simplify our lives by making things smaller and smaller, some of us fail to see the risk in such bold endeavors. This quest to manufacture objects at the microscopic scale has created the field of Nanotechnology which refers to the creation of devices and materials on extremely small scales. The products of Nanotechnology are composed of individual particles called Nanoparticles which have one dimension (width, height, or length) that is less than 100 nanometers. To put that in perspective, the width of a human hair is about 10 to 1000 times bigger than a nanometer. At such miniscule size, materials can be created with valuable chemical and physical properties, such as the ability to conduct electricity in the case of electronics, which enable for a wide range of technological applications, ranging from faster computer chips to new ways of treating cancer. The incorporation of Nano-technologies in commercial products has begun what some scientists and journalists are calling a “Nano revolution.” In other words, more and more technologies have at least some component that was engineered using Nanotechnology. With such wide range of applications, it is no wonder groups like the International Council of Nanotechnology (ICON) have been formed to investigate the possible harmful effects. In vitro cellular toxicology tests which are tests performed in an isolated environment, where the only contaminants are the nanoparticles, have shown that...
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...which produced intense heat and chemical gas fogs that polluted nearby homes and rendered farmlands barren ( Johansen 2010). Oil exploration and production have been carried out by Shell international at Ogoniland since 1950s, but its operations were stopped in the 1990s due to disputes between Shell and the Ogoni’s (Kadafa 2012). As a result, Ogoniland has been characterized by oilfields and installations that have remained dormant, past spills, lack of maintenance, oil trapping and damages to oil infrastructure for over fifteen years without remediation (Kadafa 2012). Figure 1: Niger Delta of Nigeria showing Ogoniland Source: United Nations environment programme (2011). Pollution is the contamination of air, soil or water by the release of the harmful substances (National Pollution prevention roundtable 2007). The oil and gas activities of Shell petroleum Development Company was...
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...Issues: Filipino entrepreneurs take small but sure steps to minimize the waste of discarded rubber tires and choose a most useful outlet: footwear. / by Jen Horn / This is the challenge the team of Manila Sole Footwear took on when they decided to create their brand specializing in casual shoes for men and women made with recycled rubber tires and conveyor belts, and recently, also incorporated with textiles made in Baguio and Mindanao. The impact of rubber tires “A billion tires are sold annually worldwide. On average, a tire would last 2 to 4 years, depending on usage. So eventually, those tires will be thrown away,” shared Rex Somera, co-founder and managing partner of Manila Sole. These discarded tires would normally wind up being inefficiently piled up in landfills, where they occupy a lot of space due to their size. The tire shape also traps a lot of gases, like methane. “When we turn them into shoes, we cut them and then the unusable parts are smaller, more space efficient, and don’t trap gases anymore,” adds co-founder Noel Lanto. In their further research on recycling tires, Rex and Noel found that in other countries, there are other methods of recycling tires. Sometimes they are burned for alternative energy because the average tire contains about 8 liters of fuel. Though burning rubber to retrieve fuel releases a lot of toxic substances into the environment. Locally, one method of recycling is retreading – layering old tires on old tires, melting them...
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...Golden Acres Road, Corner Misamis St. Bago Bantay Quezon City Golden Acres Road, Corner Misamis St. Bago Bantay Quezon City Quezon City Science High School Quezon City Science High School Vinegar, Copper Wire, and Zinc Nail as an Alternative Power Source Leader: Calipay, Issabone F. Members: Callada, Peter Ivan B. Kasilag, Ian Michael 8- Pascal Febuary 2015 GROUP 7 CHAPER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE The review of literature for this study focuses on procedures on making power source. The review focuses on the number of light bulbs the vinegar can power. The chapter begins with finding some people who lack power source, followed by the findings of researchers on some information about vinegar, zinc nail and copper wire. What is Vinegar? Vinegar is a liquid consisting mainly of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and water. Vinegar is now mainly used as a cooking ingredients, but historically, asa the most easily available mild acid, it had a great variet of industrial, medical, and domestic uses, some of which are still promoted today. The history of vinegar is actually by accident, but according to legends, Babylonians used vinegar as a cleaning agent. The Babylonians later discovered that vinegars slows or stop the action of bacteria that spoils the food and so they started using it as a preservative. Vinegar is a totally natural food. There are no harmful chemicals or preservatives in fact vinegar is a preservative itself. Vinegar...
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...Page 63 DOES NICHE MARKETING LEAD TO BUSINESS SUCCESS? THE CASE OF M.C. TAMURA Luz T. Suplico-Jeong, De La Salle University-Manila ABSTRACT Does market niching lead to business success? Maria Cecilia G. Tamura has used this strategy in managing her businesses. These businesses are Okasaki Industrial Corporation, which is engaged in import and export, and Airily Corporation which is mainly a Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) company. The case discusses how a female employee, who later became the employer, use market niching and product life cycle as business strategies. In so doing, the case shows an example of how a highly motivated woman entrepreneur managed her businesses through good and bad times. THE ENTREPRENEUR Women entrepreneurship has been significant in economic development. The Philippines has compared favorably with other countries in women entrepreneurship. Based on a survey conducted by Let’s Go Foundation and GE Bank, Filipino women have a fairly equal chance of making it big as entrepreneurs (http://www.womenentrepreneurship.org). According to Tara Brannigan (2005), women entrepreneurs have formed businesses to make a better living for themselves. The sense of adventure and the thrill of challenge have motivated them to organize their businesses. The rise of women entrepreneurship has allowed women to create jobs for themselves and to create jobs for others. Female traits, such as patience and attention to details, have influenced their management styles...
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