...CHAPTER 9 – CHARACTERIZING RISK AND RETURN Questions LG1 1. Why is the percentage return a more useful measure than the dollar return? The dollar return is most important relative to the amount invested. Thus, a $100 return is more impressive from a $1,000 investment than a $5,000 investment. The percentage return incorporates both the dollar return and the amount invested. Therefore, it is easier to compare percentage return across different investments. LG2 2. Characterize the historical return, risk, and risk-return relationship of the stock, bond and cash markets. Examining Table 9.2, it is clear that the stock market has earned about double the return since 1950 than bonds. Bonds have earned about 50% higher return than the cash markets. The risk in the stock market is also higher than the bond and cash markets according to the standard deviation measurement (Table 9.4). Another illustration of the high risk is that the stock market frequently losses money and sometimes does not earn more than the bond and cash markets over short periods of time (Table 9.2). The risk-return relationship tells us that we should expect higher returns for the riskier market. We do see higher realized returns over the long term to the higher risk asset classes. LG3 3. How do we define risk in this chapter and how do we measure it? Risk is defined as the volatility of an asset’s returns over time. Specifically, the standard deviation of returns is used to measure...
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...CHAPTER 9 – CHARACTERIZING RISK AND RETURN Questions LG1 1. Why is the percentage return a more useful measure than the dollar return? The dollar return is most important relative to the amount invested. Thus, a $100 return is more impressive from a $1,000 investment than a $5,000 investment. The percentage return incorporates both the dollar return and the amount invested. Therefore, it is easier to compare percentage return across different investments. LG2 2. Characterize the historical return, risk, and risk-return relationship of the stock, bond and cash markets. Examining Table 9.2, it is clear that the stock market has earned about double the return since 1950 than bonds. Bonds have earned about 50% higher return than the cash markets. The risk in the stock market is also higher than the bond and cash markets according to the standard deviation measurement (Table 9.4). Another illustration of the high risk is that the stock market frequently losses money and sometimes does not earn more than the bond and cash markets over short periods of time (Table 9.2). The risk-return relationship tells us that we should expect higher returns for the riskier market. We do see higher realized returns over the long term to the higher risk asset classes. LG3 3. How do we define risk in this chapter and how do we measure it? Risk is defined as the volatility of an asset’s returns over time. Specifically, the standard deviation of returns is used to measure...
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...worldwide and is considered a world-class e-commerce platform. Borders bookstore was founded in 1971 by two brothers by the name of Tom and Louis Borders while they were attending college at the University of Michigan. Borders bookstore was once a leading retailer of books and educational items with stores located throughout the United States, Australia, and Puerto Rico. In 1984 Kmart acquired a company by the name of Waldenbooks and in 1992 Kmart acquired Borders only to merge the two in hopes of generating greater sales (Borders Book Store, 2011). In 1997 Borders launched its first international store in Singapore that was 32,000 square feet making it the largest bookstore in the country. In 1998 things quickly began to change for the worst after being one of the country’s leading bookstores. Several stores began to close due to competition and Borders failing to change their business model. With technology and customer demands rapidly changing Borders was unable to keep up with the times forcing them to...
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...The History of Anheuser-Busch More than one hundred and twenty years have passed since Adolphus Busch first introduced Budweiser to the United States. And although much has changed over the years, the "spirit of Adolphus and his great dreams remain unchanged, as vibrant today as it was a century ago"(www.anheuser-busch.com). Through several successive generations of Busch family leadership, Budweiser has become an authentic, truly genuine, American beer. These superior qualities are the result of Busch’s original dreams and visions, the stable leadership through three major crises, and the diversification of a company over the years. The story begins with Adolphus Busch. Born in July of 1839 in Kastel near Mainz, Adolphus was the second youngest of twenty-one children. After studying at the Gymnasium in Mainz in Germany, he immigrated to the United States in 1857, and soon after married Lily, the daughter of a successful St. Louis businessman Eberhard Anheuser. Anheuser was also a German immigrant, and had recently obtained a local brewery in St. Louis. Adolphus began as a salesman who sold brewing supplies to Anheuser. Adolphus soon worked his way into the family business and up the corporate ladder, and eventually became a partner and finally the company’s president. With great dreams and aspirations, Adolphus was considered the driving force of the company that would eventually transform it into an industry giant. Because of this, many see Adolphus Busch as the founder...
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...17-08-2012 17-08-2012 Submitted to: Prof. N. R. Govinda Sharma Submitted to: Prof. N. R. Govinda Sharma by by Group A10 THE AVENGERS Group A10 THE AVENGERS RASNA Strategic Memo Final Report RASNA Strategic Memo Final Report Table of Contents ABSTRACT 3 BRIEF ABOUT THE SDC INDUSTRY 4 Rasna and its Products 4 Description of the situation 5 Strategy Formulation for Rasna Company 6 1. Input Stage (Formulation Framework) 6 SWOT 6 External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix 8 Internal Factors Evaluation (IFE) matrix: 9 2. Matching Stage 10 Competitive Advantage (CA) 10 Financial Strength (FS) 11 Industry Strength (IS) 11 Environmental Stability (ES) 11 3. Decision Stage 13 STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE 16 JUICE INDUSTRY 16 RESOURCES FOR NEW STRATEGY AS CONCENTRIC DIVERSIFICATION 17 mARKETING 17 Brand Strategy 17 Distribution Channel 17 Competitor Analysis 18 finance 19 Internal retained earning 20 Take loan from bank 20 Issue bond/debenture 20 Issue equity 20 Right issue 20 Venture capital 20 Human resource management 20 Job description 20 Job specification 20 Recruitment 20 Selection 21 Training & development 21 Performance evaluation 21 BALANCE SCORECARD TO CHECK STRATEGY EFFECTIVENESS 22 RECOMMENDATION 24 Bibliography 25 ABSTRACT Soft Drink Concentrate market (SDC) of India is 500 crore market. This market is getting in weak situation, main reason being today people in India do not find enough time to mix concentrate in...
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...GmbH faces many challenges in the functional drink market. RUFTS Marketing Consultancy will take a closer look at these challenges with a particular focus on the SWOT and PESTLE analysis as it pertains to the current market challenges as described in the Bahria University case study. Objective The objective is to provide a clear strategic recommendation to the Red Bull executive committee on the best course of action for the company based on the current market challenges with strong consideration of theories as outlines and described by marketing scholars and academics. Contents: CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) - The year-over-year growth rate of an investment over a specified period of time. Competitive Advantage - a condition or circumstance that puts a company in a favorable or superior business position Corporate Planning Tool - A variety of analytical tools and techniques are used in strategic planning Coup A quick, brilliant, and highly successful act; a triumph. Crux A critical point of discussion or situation. Dire Worst possible case scenario. Disposable Income Group - The amount of money that households have available for spending and saving after income taxes have been accounted for. Disposable personal income is often monitored as one of the many key economic indicators used to gauge the overall state of the economy Domestic market A domestic market, also referred to as an internal market or domestic trading, is...
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...International Finance Report PORSCHE RISK MANAGEMENT TOC \t "Subtitle, 1,Title, 2"\b _TOCRange Company Overview: PAGEREF _Toc \h 3 I. Foreign Exchange Exposure: PAGEREF _Toc1 \h 3 1.1 Operating Exposure PAGEREF _Toc2 \h 4 1.2 Transaction Exposure PAGEREF _Toc3 \h 5 1.3 Commodity Exposure PAGEREF _Toc4 \h 5 II. Porsche’s hedging strategies PAGEREF _Toc5 \h 8 2.1 Aggressive ‘Put options’ Hedging strategy PAGEREF _Toc6 \h 8 2.2 Diversifying Financing PAGEREF _Toc7 \h 9 2.3 Operational Hedging PAGEREF _Toc8 \h 9 References PAGEREF _Toc9 \h 11 Company Overview: Porsche is hit head-on by a crisis without precedent at the end of the 1980s, up to threaten the independence of the brand, supreme mantra established by its founders. The stock market crash of 1987, the ruin of many wealthy Americans and new competition from Japanese cars are collapsing sales of German in the United States. In the early 1990s, the bankruptcy threat, while sales dropped tremendously, from 14.000 in 1986 to 5320 units in 1992. A recovery is considered by Mercedes-Benz or Volkswagen. But in 1993, the management of the company is entrusted to Wendelin Wiedeking, working until then as a production manager. He applies at his arrival drastic changes inspired by Toyota: hierarchical reorganization, suppression of nearly 2,000 jobs, rationalization of production, number of subcontractors divided by three. These choices are obviously intended to reduce costs. Similarly, he decides...
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...A Report on Strategic Management Case Of COCA COLA (Year 2007) Subject: Managerial Policy Section: “B” [MBA – Evening Program] Faculty: Brig. (ret.) Shakeel Ahmed Prepared & Presented by: |Group 2 | |Faraz Ahmed |Zohaib Genda |Mehboob Hassan |Zakia Rasheed | |Arshad Khan |Muhammad Tabish Taha |Sehrish Anwar |Obaid Ullah Aleem | |Mohammad Waqas |Ashok Kumar |Tariq Khan | |Zeeshan Ul Haque |Tariq Hamidi |Babar Raza | Table of Contents 1- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 2- HISTORY OF COCA COLA 4 3- BRANDS OF COCA COLA 7 3.1- Energy Drinks 7 3.2- Juices/Juice Drinks 7 3.3- Soft Drinks 8 3.5- Tea and Coffee 8 3.6 Water 8 3.7- Other Drinks 9 4- CONSUMER CHOICE AT A GLANCE 10 5- DIFFERENT PLAYERS IN THE SOFT DRINKS MARKET 11 5- DIFFERENT PLAYERS IN THE SOFT DRINKS MARKET 12 6- OUR MISSION 12 6- OUR MISSION 13 7- OUR VISION ...
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...COMPETITIVE MARKETING STRATEGY INTRODUCTION Building strong brands requires a keen understanding of competitors, and competition grows more intense every year. New competition is coming from all directions – from global competitors seeking cost-efficient ways to expand distribution; from private-label and store brands designed to provide low-price alternatives; and from brand extensions from strong megabrands leveraging their strengths to move into new categories. One good way to start to deal with competition is through creatively designed and well executed marketing programs. To effectively device and implement the best possible brand-positioning strategies, companies must pay keen attention to their competitors. Markets have become too competitive to focus on the consumer alone. COMPETITIVE FORCES Michael Porter has identified five forces that determine the intrinsic long-run attractiveness of a market or market segment: Industry competitors, potential entrants, substitutes, buyers, and suppliers. The threats these forces pose are as follows: 1. Threat of intense segment rivalry- A segment is unattractive if it already contains numerous, strong, or aggressive competitors. It's even more unattractive if it's stable or declining, if plant capacity must be added in large increments, if fixed costs or exit barriers are high, or if competitors have high stakes in staying in the segment. These conditions will lead to frequent price wars, advertising battles, and new-product...
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...Security Analysis Edwards Lifesciences Jesse Blair Security Analysis Edwards Lifesciences Jesse Blair 2014 2014 Industry Analysis Medical Appliances and Equipment For this security analysis project I have chosen to research the medical equipment industry that specializes in artificial heart valves and related health products. This industry helps in the repair of cardiovascular diseases and critical care monitoring. There are two different types of artificial heart valves. There is the Tissue heart valve which is commonly given to older patients and it has a lifespan from 10 to 15 years. It is safer for older adults because it has less chance for post operation bleeding which could be fatal. The second type of heart valve is mechanical heart valve which has a lifespan of a patient’s lifetime. This type of valve has a higher risk of bleeding and requires for a patient to take blood thinner medication for the remainder of their life. Top Competitors When it comes to competitors there are three main groups that are leading the way in artificial heart valves and medical equipment. These companies are Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic, and St. Jude Medical. You can examine the total revenues of the top three competitors on chart 1. Chart 1 Discussing the Competitors Medtronic Inc. Medtronic is the largest of the three competitors with revenues of over 17 billion last year. They are currently in the process of acquiring Covidien, which has been put on hold due...
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...1. The marketing mix: what is it, what elements/tools are parts of this concept; examples of how used to support marketing planning. Philosophies toward the marketplace, as in Selling, Marketing, Product, Societal; differences among these approaches, how success is measured; examples. (TCO A) The marketing mix is probably the most famous marketing term. Its elements are the basic, tactical components of a marketing plan. Marketing mix elements are the 4 P’s: price, place, product, and promotion (sometimes a 5th P: people). The 4 C’s: customer solution, customer cost, convenience, and communication. The offer you make to you customer can be altered by varying the mix elements. So for a high profile brand, increase the focus on promotion and desensitize the weight given to price. Needs vs Demands. Product: refers to tangible, physical products as well as services. Product decisions inc’d: product variety, quality, design, features, brand name, packaging, sizes, services, warranties, and returns. Price decisions inc’d: pricing strategy, suggested retail price (list price), volume discounts and wholesale pricing, cash and early payment discounts, seasonal pricing, bundling, price flexibility, credited items. Place (distribution) decisions inc’d: distribution channels, marketing coverage (inclusive, exclusive, or selective), specific channel members, inventory management, warehousing, distribution centers, order processing, transportation, inventory, and locations. Promotion decisions...
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...Mm522 Study Guide 1. The marketing mix: what is it, what elements/tools are parts of this concept; examples of how used to support marketing planning. Philosophies toward the marketplace, as in Selling, Marketing, Product, Societal; differences among these approaches, how success is measured; examples. (TCO A) The marketing mix is probably the most famous marketing term. Its elements are the basic, tactical components of a marketing plan. Marketing mix elements are the 4 P’s: price, place, product, and promotion (sometimes a 5th P: people). The 4 C’s: customer solution, customer cost, convenience, and communication. The offer you make to you customer can be altered by varying the mix elements. So for a high profile brand, increase the focus on promotion and desensitize the weight given to price. Needs vs. Demands. Product: refers to tangible, physical products as well as services. Product decisions including: product variety, quality, design, features, brand name, packaging, sizes, services, warranties, and returns. Price decisions including: pricing strategy, suggested retail price (list price), volume discounts and wholesale pricing, cash and early payment discounts, seasonal pricing, bundling, price flexibility, credited items. Place (distribution) decisions including: distribution channels, marketing coverage (inclusive, exclusive, or selective), specific channel members, inventory management, warehousing, distribution centers, order processing, transportation, inventory...
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...RESEARCH ON INDIAN HATCHBACKS BY KUNTAL CHOWDHURY PGDM FS; ROLL NO - 12 THE INDIAN HATCHBACKS A Detailed Analysis of the Hatchbacks in the Indian Automobile Market(An Independent Study) AUGUST 2012. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 | Introduction | 2 | Market Share | 3 | Participants | 4 | Brand Overview | 5 | A Segment | 6 | B Segment | 7 | B+ Segment | 8 | Slogans Of Brands | 9 | Conclusion | A hatchback is an automobile designed such that the boot is integrated with the cabin space. The Indian hatchback market is growing each day. Any car maker who is looking for significant volume has a hatchback model in its bucket. The financial year 2010-2011 has seen good growth among hatchbacks in the country. The companies such as Honda and Toyota are keenly eyeing the hatchback space in India. Honda has recently launched the Brio, while Toyota recently launched the Etios Liva. Honda’s premium hatchback, the Jazz, however, has not won much favor with customers and sales have dropped 35 percent year on year. Among hatchbacks in India, Maruti Suzuki is the most dominant player followed by Hyundai and then Tata. Maruti’s Alto is the country’s and the world’s largest selling hatchback, at 346,840 cars being sold in India last year, a growth of 47 percent. The second-largest selling hatchback in the country is again from Maruti – the Wagon R. However, the Wagon R has close competition from the Hyundai i10, which is just behind it, though the i10 hasn’t grown as much...
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...Analysis of Toyota Motor Corporation By: Thembani Nkomo This paper will explore the external and internal environment of Toyota Motor Corporation, and suggest recommendations to sustain its competitive advantage. Analysis of Toyota Motor Corporation by Thembani Nkomo ANALYISIS OF TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 2 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 2.1 Industry Overview and Analysis 2.2 Industry Life Cycle 2.3 Industry Demand Determinants 2.4 Porter’s Five Forces 2.5 Industry Cost Structure Benchmark 2.6 Industry Competitive Landscape 2.7 Major Competitors 2.8 Key Success Factors in Industry 3 INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF TOYOTA 3.1 Core Competencies 3.2 Distinct Competency 3.3 SWOT Analysis 3.4 BCG Matrix: Internal Analysis of Toyota Portfolio 3.5 VRIO Framework Analysis 3.6 Toyota’s Efforts in Emerging Economies 3.7 Case Study: Toyota’s Successful Strategy in Indonesia 3.8 Strategic M&A, Partnerships, Joint Ventures, and Alliances 3.9 Analysis of Financial Performance 4 RECOMMENDATIONS 5 APPENDICES 6 REFERENCES Analysis of Toyota Motor Corporation by Thembani Nkomo 1. TOYOTA CORPORATE OVERVIEW: Founded in 1937, Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese company that engages in the design, manufacture, assembly, and sale of passenger cars, minivans, commercial vehicles, and related parts and accessories primarily in Japan, North America, Europe, and Asia. Current brands include Toyota,...
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...Analysis of Toyota Motor Corporation By: Thembani Nkomo This paper will explore the external and internal environment of Toyota Motor Corporation, and suggest recommendations to sustain its competitive advantage. Analysis of Toyota Motor Corporation by Thembani Nkomo ANALYISIS OF TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 COMPANY OVERVIEW 2 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY 2.1 Industry Overview and Analysis 2.2 Industry Life Cycle 2.3 Industry Demand Determinants 2.4 Porter’s Five Forces 2.5 Industry Cost Structure Benchmark 2.6 Industry Competitive Landscape 2.7 Major Competitors 2.8 Key Success Factors in Industry 3 INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF TOYOTA 3.1 Core Competencies 3.2 Distinct Competency 3.3 SWOT Analysis 3.4 BCG Matrix: Internal Analysis of Toyota Portfolio 3.5 VRIO Framework Analysis 3.6 Toyota’s Efforts in Emerging Economies 3.7 Case Study: Toyota’s Successful Strategy in Indonesia 3.8 Strategic M&A, Partnerships, Joint Ventures, and Alliances 3.9 Analysis of Financial Performance 4 RECOMMENDATIONS 5 APPENDICES 6 REFERENCES Analysis of Toyota Motor Corporation by Thembani Nkomo 1. TOYOTA CORPORATE OVERVIEW: Founded in 1937, Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese company that engages in the design, manufacture, assembly, and sale of passenger cars, minivans, commercial vehicles, and related parts and accessories primarily in Japan, North America, Europe, and Asia. Current brands include Toyota,...
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