...PAPER 1 THE CANONS INSTRUCTOR: DR. NICKENS CHHI 301 SUBMITTED BY: JANET SHELTON-WHITE PAGE 1 The Hebrew Bible is divided into 3 sections Law, Prophets and the Writings of Wisdom. The Jewish canon has 66 books; there are 39 books from the Old Testament originally in Hebrew and some written in Aramaic. [1]The New Testament has 27 books, the 12 Minor Prophets are counted as one book, and the Apocrypha word that comes from the Greek word meaning hidden or concealed were not included in the Hebrew Bible. The Catholics considered these writings and canonicals, and Orthodox Churches considered some as canon to a lesser degree. The heretical teachers from Asia Minor author of Roman Canon of sacred books did not believe that the New Testament books superseded the Old Testament others were omitted and did not recognize 10 Pauline Epistles but accepted 13 Epistles. [2] The Latin Greek word Kanon (kav’wv) defined as a measuring rod or index list centuries later the secondary word for the Church to recognize the Scripture of the Bible. The disciples and the Jews used a Septuagint from Alexandria Egypt is the early Greek translation of the Old Testament dating to BC 250. In the 3rd Century BC included the deuteron canonical books. The New Testament books were not in existence until after 300 the death of Christ. The person known as Marcion tried to develop a New Testament Canon and it conclude...
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...Daryl Miller CHH301-B12 LUO September 11, 2012 Paper 1 The Foundation of Orthodoxy and the Canon If we consider that what we know as Christianity is not what it began as, then we will see the need for a standard. That fact that Christianity as a religion and a worldview was revolutionary as is was also evolutionary. It was revolutionary in that it stood against the norm of Judaism and paganism. It was evolutionary in that what it was then is not what it is today. Therefore, the need of orthodoxy and for cannon is presented. Orthodoxy is the “correct, conventional or currently accepted beliefs, especially in religion.”The consolidation of power under Constantine and the stretch of the empire caused a need for orthodoxy of Christianity’s belief system. It also demanded a standard of doctrine. This leads to the canonicity of the Holy Scriptures. Canon is derived from the Greek word kanon. Elwell says of the word canon, “in Christianity [canon] refers to a group of books acknowledged by the early church as a rule of faith and practice” The word carries the idea of the measuring rod or standard against which the sacred text are weighed for inclusion. It should be noted that different faith systems have different canonical books. The Jewish canon is different from the Protestant as is the Catholic. If we bear in mind that the Bible we know today did not start out as a book at all, and then the logical progression must be to ask, how did it come about? An important note...
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...Topics Bib104 In: Religion Topics Bib104 1. According to the text the structural features of 'repetition' and 'inclusion' are… 2. What is the significance of the Dead Sea Scrolls? They gave us a much older collection of Old Testament manuscripts 3. According to the readings the Old Testament canon was completed after the time of Ezra and Nehemiah. 4. Old Testament narrative normally does not directly teach a doctrine. True 5. In our readings this week the Bible is described in part as, "the Word of God given in human words in history". True 6. The Modern View of the Bible approaches biblical documents as highly reliable. False 7. Until just after World War II the oldest OT manuscripts we had dated from about 200 B.C. / False 8. According to Fee and Stuart's analysis they think most people do a very good job of handling Old Testament narrative passages /False 9. The focus of the ___________ is on Jesus and his claim to be the Messiah. 10. Which of the following are not among the common causes people misinterpret biblical narratives mentioned in the text? 11. According to Fee and Stuart's analysis God is the hero of all biblical narratives/true 12. According to Fee and Stuart what is the antidote to bad interpretation? Good interpretation, based upon common sense guidelines 13. What do Fee and Stuart say is the "only proper control for hermeneutics"? 14. What three languages were the 66 books of the Protestant Bible originally...
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...Part of a series on The Bible The Malmesbury Bible Canons · Books [show] Authorship · Development [show] Translations · Manuscripts [show] Biblical studies[show] Interpretation[show] Perspectives[show] Wikipedia book Bible book Portal icon Bible portal v · t · e The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a canonical collection of texts sacred in Judaism and Christianity. There is no single "Bible" and many Bibles with varying contents exist.[1] The term Bible is shared between Judaism and Christianity, although the contents of each of their collections of canonical texts is not the same. Different religious groups include different books within their Biblical canons, in different orders, and sometimes divide or combine books, or incorporate additional material into canonical books. The Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, contains twenty-four books divided into three parts: the five books of the Torah ("teaching" or "law"), the Nevi'im ("prophets"), and the Ketuvim ("writings"). Christian Bibles range from the sixty-six books of the Protestant canon to the eighty-one books of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church canon. The first part of Christian Bibles is the Old Testament, which contains...
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...series of… Propositions & imperatives it is not simply a collection of “Sayings from Chairman God” pg 22 5. Know the kinds of “communication” mentioned that God uses to convey his Word. Narrative history, genealogies, chronicles, laws of all kinds, poetry of all kinds, proverbs, prophetic oracles, riddles, drama,biographical sketches, parables, letters, sermons, & apocalypses. Pg 22 6. “To interpret properly the “then and there” of the biblical texts, you must…” Not only know some general rules that apply to all the words of the bible but you also need to lean the special rules that apply to each of these literacy forms (generes) pg 23 7. Know and be able to discuss the two types of ‘context’ mentioned in the reading. Why are these items important? The historical Context & The Literary Context. Pg 26 & Pg 27 8. What do Fee and Stuart say is the “only proper control for hermeneutics”? Is to be found in yhe origincal inyeny of the biblical text. Pg 29 9. According to the authors, “The true meaning of the biblical text for us is…” hermeneutics 10. What are potential problems with a “fuller” or “deeper” meaning? Who speaks for God? Pg 31 11....
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...The Canonization of the New Testament When we think about the New Testament in our Bibles today most of us pay little attention to, or have little regard for the history that surrounds how it came to be. This is partly because of the high position we as Evangelicals have for our Bibles. We are taught that the Bible is infallible and never contradicts itself. I agree whole heartedly that the Bible is God's Holy Word and infallible non contradictory. But two weeks ago if you were to ask me how the Bible was put together or "canonized", I would have told you that there was some sort of council that decided which books should be in there, but ultimately it was God's sovereign will. Now the last part would be correct, but the rest is at best debatable. So how was the Bible put together? Since the argument is extremely complex and much of the details are lost or were never recorded, we will be exploring the different events that drove the movement, along with several different opinions of when the Bible was Complete or Canonized. There were two particular movements during the second century that made the Church realize a need to have a compilation of books that were universally accepted. The first movement, although not as well know, was Marcionism. This heretical sect was started by Marcion who was born into Christianity but had a deep dislike for Judaism and the material world. He believed that the God and Father of Jesus are not the same as the creator Yahweh, and it was...
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...pressures of the era. This paper examines how the 27 books of the New Testament were formulated, recognized as Holy Scriptures, and eventually declared for inclusion in the new canon. It will examine how the new scriptures were evaluated using a new four-step criterion, determining which books were divinely inspired. It will also examine a new classification system, created to help determine which writings were acceptable, disputed, or rejected from consideration. Finally, the decision of which books to include in the New Testament is addressed during four major councils held by the church during the fourth century. The New Covenant: New Testament Canonization. After the death of Jesus, the apostles, and other followers, spread the word of Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection. The primary method of teaching was by way of oral communication, spreading the message by word of mouth. As time went by, and the Apostles started to die, the first efforts were made to capture their life with Jesus into written word. The dissemination of these works was a slow process due to the hindrance in transportation and the inability to mass produce the writings. The ability to capture and fully understand these divine works would require over 400 years of evolution to become a complete body of work, and recognized as the canon of the Christian church. To understand how the New Testament achieved canonization requires a study of history, politics, culture, and the dynamics of Christianities development...
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...Foundation: The Orthodoxy and the Canon 4/25/2016 Submitted To- Professor C Paul King CHHI-301 2 Foundation: The Orthodoxy and the Canon Many in today’s culture follow this sad, but dangerous view: there is no truth that can be deemed as absolute truth. A few years back, I can recall sitting in a classroom at a Union County High school here in Tennessee, as the teacher begins to introduce himself and his stance on philosophy. The teacher, in his introduction states an ignorant statement in a very arrogant manner: “There is no such thing as absolute truth, just personal opinion.” He continued by stating, “Because there is no absolute truth, there is no absolute truth in the matter of what is right and wrong.” A few students were shocked by this statement and raised their hands to ask about whether certain issues were right or wrong–– such as stealing, murder, drug use, abortion, and similar issues. He attempted to shoot all their examples down, with a sense of arrogance on his face. I slowly slipped my hand up and asked him the following statement: “What about incest, where relatives molest and rape their children?” I will never forget the look on his face, his smirk swiftly dropped to the floor. As he stumbled through his incoherent response, I thought about the importance of absolute truth. Christians need to realize the importance of what our Canon represents: a book of absolute truth given to us by our God. We are living in a generation where...
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...identify from a list of 8-10. Finally, I will ask you to write one of the following essay questions. If you prepare an outline in advance for each of the questions, you will be well prepared for the exam. (40 pts.) 1. In the theological debate inaugurated by the priest, Arius, the interpretation of Proverbs 8:22 ("The Lord created me and before the ages He established me...") plays a key role. Explain how Arius understood this passage and what implications it had for his Christology. What was the response of his theological opponents, and what was the outcome of the debate for Arius, and for the Church? 2. Marcion initiated an important debate that has been held responsible for the impetus in the Church to establish a New Testament canon. Explain Marcion’s view of Christian scriptures. What position did he take concerning the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament? Why? What did his position imply concerning the nature of the Old Testament God, and the relationship between Judaism and Christianity? How did the Church respond? 3. Roman and North African churches were beset by conflict during the third century concerning the Church’s ability to forgive certain egregious sins, which entailed a larger concern for moral requirements for membership in the Church. Explain how the controversy between Hippolytus and Callistus, and between Novatian, Cornelius, and Cyprian of Carthage drew...
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...I believe the “empirical evidence of the fulfillment of prophecy” is the most convincing argument that the Bible is the Word of God based upon the fact that it has substantial evidence to support its claims. If one were trying to discredit the Bible and research the reasons they should not believe, they would have a hard time trying to discredit the prophecies within the Bible in which have already been fulfilled. However, some say the prophecies were written after the events happened, but as Dr. Towns discusses: “The Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls establish a historical date to indicate that these books were written before the events they predicted. The Septuagint was the Greek translation of the Old Testament (c. 285 BC) that indicates that Daniel correctly predicted the events of Jesus Christ before they transpired. The Dead Sea Scrolls indicate that the Hebrew text was written and collected before Christ was born.” (p.5) The prophecies were clearly written well before the events occurred, and not only that but the events occurred exactly as written. Psalms and Isaiah are filled with prophecies based upon the death of Jesus Christ. They clearly depict he would be betrayed (Psalms 41:9), falsely accused (Psalms 35:11), Beaten and Ridiculed (Psalms 22:6-17) and would die with the wicked and be a sacrifice for our sin (Isaiah 53:5-12). These prophecies were then fulfilled and the fulfillment told throughout the chapters of Mark, Luke and John. “When the writers...
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...Reflection of This Weeks Reading Assignment In this week’s reading assignment in “Using New Testament Greek in Ministry” written by David Alan Black, I learned the importance of researching the scriptures in the New Testament. There are three questions that Black suggested that should be asked anytime that a study is done of the New Testament and those questions; according to him are: 1. Do I know where my text fits biblically?, 2. Am I really certain about what the text is saying?, and last but not least, 3. Could anyone benefit by what I have to say about the text? All three questions; in my opinion, are warranted when researching the scriptures. Black wrote that exegesis begins with an accurate knowledge of the biblical setting of the text....
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...Narratives What are narratives? These are stories of past events with a moral told to give some positive direction of the reader. All narratives are made up of three basic components. These three basic parts of a narrative are the characters, the plot, and the plot resolution (Granted that most narratives are addressing a conflict or tension of some sort). In Bible narratives God is always the overall focus and hero of these stories. He is the protagonist, Satin is the antagonist, and God’s people are the agonist. Over the years it’s been observed that Christians have read and interpreted Old Testament narratives very poorly. This overall abysmal interpretation of Old Testament narratives and the Old Testament in general has resulted in a lack of comprehension of very important messages of the narrator. Some reasons for the problematic interpretation of Old Testament narratives are allegorizing, decontextualizing, selectivity, and moralizing “Allegorizing is concentrating on the clear meaning of the narrative, people relegate the text to merely reflecting another meaning beyond the text.” (Fee & Stuart, 2003, page 103). Decontextualizing is ignoring the full historical and literary context, and often the individual narrative, people concentrate on small units only and thus miss interpretational clues. If you take things out of context enough, you can make almost any part of Scripture say anything you want it to. Selectivity is cherry picking your choice of words...
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...saying. If you read the Bible just to read it and without understanding its true meaning, you would absolutely have no clue on what is going on in the verses. So in order to have a good understanding you have to dig deep and open your mind about the time, place, and the author who was writing it. To be honest in my own life, I really have no experiences to share because I’m not a big reader. I believe in God but never really took the time to read the Bible to get very in dept with the scripture. If I had to give and example of an historical- cultural context that shed light on a biblical text it would be the Psalm 23. This scripture gives you several background descriptions that mean more than geographical features. Today we live in a microwaveable world where we want everything in an instant. We don’t want to take the time to read and think about things. Psalm 23, is the perfect biblical text to persuade people to study the discussion board topic. It covers every emotion that a person could possible go through in a day from trust, fear, confidence, and...
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...Clay Crumpler September 9, 2014 CHHI 301 Paper 1 The Foundation of Orthodoxy and the Canon How did we get the New Testament? That is a good question. Well we know that the New Testament is twenty-seven books ranging from AD 45 to approximately AD 100. (1) The New Testament was not written as one continuous book. Many different people at differing times and different locations wrote the books and then they were compiled much later. Who, then, decided which books should be included in the New Testament canon and which ones were to be left out?(2) In the Bible in 2 Timothy chapter 3 verses 16-17 "All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good word.” This is telling that God breathed out the message he wanted in the Bible so that all of us may learn from it and get to know him more. Even Jesus said in Matthew chapter 5 verse 18 “For truly I tell you, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished” He talks about how the word of God was inspired to be the way it is and no one should change it because it is how God breathed it to be. The Cannon is a permanent list of authoritative book recognized as scripture. The word of God was written in three languages Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. (3) We do not have the original...
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...I once made a remark about the hidden books of the Bible. This lulu kept people looking so hard for facts, and for others it was a revelation. Some were in a jam especially since the names of the books were not capitalized, but the truth finally struck home to numbers of readers. To others it was a real job. We want it to be a most fascinating few moments for you. Yes there will be some really easy ones to spot. Others may require judges to help find them. I will quickly admit it usually takes a minister to find one of them and there will be loud lamentations when it is found. A little lady said she brews a cup of tea so she can concentrate better. Can you compete really well in this test? Relax, for there really are the names of sixteen books of the Bible in these sentences. Happy hunting! I once made a reMARK about the hidden books of the Bible. This luLU KEpt people looKING So hard for fACTS, and for others it was a REVELATION. Some were in a JAM ESpecially since the names of the books were not capitalized, but the tRUTH finally struck home to NUMBERS of readers. To others it was a real JOB. We want it to be A MOSt fascinating few moments for you. yES THERe will be some really easy ones to spot. Others may require JUDGES to help find them. I will quickly admiT IT USually takes a minister to find one of them and there will be loud LAMENTATIONS when it is found. A little lady said sHE BREWS a cup of tea so she can concentrate better. Can you comPETE Really well in this test...
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