Free Essay

The Boston Massacre

In:

Submitted By asligok
Words 1610
Pages 7
The Boston Massacre happened in March 5, 1770 during the evening. In the Boston Massacre, British soldiers killed five inhabitants and wounded six inhabitants. Captain Thomas Preston was responsible for the British soldiers which killed five inhabitants. Whether Captain Thomas Preston gave the order “fire” or not is a controversial issue. Although there are lots of witnesses who argued they were sure that he gave the order, there were also lots of witnesses who argued they were sure that he was not gave the “fire” order. Although the evidences not give us a certain idea that Captain Thomas Preston was guilty or not, because the evidences are controversial, evidences strongly suggest that he was not guilty, he presumably did not give the order “fire”. During the 1760s and the first days of the 1770s the tension in the Boston was high because of the Stamp Act and the other new taxes which were going to be applied, known as “Townshend Duties”. “… men such as Samuel Adams were encouraging their fellow Bostonians to be even bolder in their remonstrance.”(Wheeler, Becker & Glover, 84). Because of the inhabitant’s uneasy, the British government ordered some regiments of soldiers in Boston. However, bringing soldiers in the Boston did not bring the peace in the Boston; instead it increased the tension which was already ready to increase. The disputes between the soldiers and inhabitants started slowly, but by bid. There was a reaction to the soldiers as well as to the British sympathizer and informers. For instance, “On February 22,1770, British sympathizer and informer Ebenezer Richardson tried to tear down an anti-British sign. He was followed to his house by an angry crowd that proceeded to taunt him and break his windows with stones” (Wheeler, Becker & Glover, 84). The tension between the inhabitants increased day by day and these ugly behaviors became a part of a daily life. However on March 5, the tension between the soldier and the inhabitants reached the highest level. Although still it is not certain that what happened on March 5, 1770 at the Boston, it can be outlined the Boston Massacre. To begin with, the tension finally blows up on March 5, 1770. A small group of boy provoked to a British sentry in front of the Boston Custom House, and then around sixty inhabitants joined to the small group of boy. In response, with the leadership of the Captain Thomas Preston, seven British soldiers came the scene to protect their sentry. The group of inhabitants gradually increased. The soldiers cannot compete with the crowd however they cannot leave their sentry alone. As this tension growing up, one of the soldiers fired his musket, and then the other soldiers followed him. It is still unknown why the soldier fired his musket. It is because of an order of Captain Thomas Preston, or not. The evidences created a controversial issue.
To determine whether Captain Thomas Preston was responsible for the Boston Massacre or not, the witnesses’ testimonies and the deposition of the Captain Thomas Preston should be taken in to consideration. As it mentioned before, there are lots of witnesses not only for the King, prosecution, but also for the prisoner, Captain Thomas Preston. However, it is not easy as it is seen to evaluate eyewitnesses’ testimonies. Because the witnesses may lie, their testimonies should be carefully studied and be understand that what the witnesses’ mean in his or her testimony. In addition they might me misleading because, for example, “ no transcript of Preston’s trial survives, if indeed one was ever made. Trial testimony comes from an anonymous person’s summary of what each person said, the notes of Robert Treat Paine (one of the lawyers for the prosecution), and one witness’s (Richard Palmes’s) reconstruction of his testimony and cross-examination”(Wheeler, Becker & Glover, 86). Furthermore, it is not known the witnesses’ personal background, perhaps they tried to protect or decried Captain Thomas Preston because of their past relationship or political view. Because the witnesses’ personal background was not known, the evidences lose their credibility. However, yet there is not any evidences except from the eyewitnesses’ testimony, we should depended on these testimonies. Moreover, we should take in to account that the Boston Massacre happened around 9P.M and at this time Boston was dark. Thus, although some evidences reflected the truth, it can be misleading. For example, eyewitnesses might be seen the colors differently because of the event occurred in the evening or they might not be distinguishing the persons from each others. Because of this, it should be give more importance to the witnesses who were more close to Captain Thomas Preston, their testimonies probably reflected more truth than the others which were far away from Captain Thomas Preston, since their view of angle was probably more precise than the others.
In his deposition, Captain Thomas Preston stated that he did not give any “fire” order. He mentioned that when one of the soldiers fired, he was speaking a men, who was well behaved and he said that the man asked that whether the guns charged or not. Captain Thomas Preston said that, the guns are charged but they have not any intend to attack. However, at that moment, while the Captain Thomas Preston and the man were speaking, a soldier fired. In addition, in his deposition, Captain Thomas Preston mentioned that “…On this general attack was made on the men by great number of heavy clubs and snowballs being thrown at them, by which our lives were in imminent danger, some persons at the same time from behind calling out, dam your bloods-why don’t you fire. Instantly three or four of the soldiers fired…On my asking the soldiers why they fired without orders, they said they heard the word fire and supposed it came from me” (Wheeler, Becker & Glover, 89). He said that he only ordered to soldiers that stopping the fire, not the order for fire. Looking at these statements, it can be drawn two possible explanations. The one is that, the soldiers might be misunderstood the order, in other words, the soldier might not heard the “don’t fire” they might only heard the “fire” word instead of the whole order. This misunderstanding might cause because of the crowd’s loud noise. The second explanation might be, the soldiers might not be able to differentiate the Captain Thomas Preston’s voice and someone’s. And this might also due to the crowd’s loud noise. There are many eyewitnesses’ who were strengthening these two arguments.
Although some may argue that Captain Thomas Preston was guilty because of they are eyewitnesses or to rely on the eyewitnesses’ testimonies, the arguments which strengthening the Captain Thomas Preston’s innocence is more reasonable. Andrew’s, a Negro servant to Oliver Wendell, testimony was important because he was close to Captain Thomas Preston , and if there were an “fire” order he must be heard it. He indicated that he heard the “fire” order however the order was given beyond The Officer. Because of his position, his testimony was reasonably. Daniel Cornwall also an important witness because he was close to Captain Thomas Preston. He mentioned that Captain Thomas Preston faced him and if there was any order he should heard it. His statement which is “I heard a voice say Damn you why do you fire. Don’t fire. I thought it was Captain’s then.”(Wheeler, Becker & Glover, 95) is also important because it not only match up with the Captain’s deposition but also with the first scenario. However there is a person, Jane Whitehouse, whose testimony was different from the other eyewitnesses’. She mentioned that she saw a person who was dressed in dark clothes and behind the soldiers encouraging them to fire. She was sure that this man is not an Officer, and not the Captain Thomas Preston. Yet Jane Whitehouse was not alone. There is another eyewitness, James Woodall, who verified her testimony which was “being another man who encouraged the soldier to fire”. James Woodall stated that he saw a man was dressed in dark clothes tried to hearten the soldiers to fire. In addition, he also saw the Captain Thomas Preston’s face after the fire began and James Woodall said that Captain Thomas Preston seemed shocked. James Woodall’s testimony and the Jane Whitehouse’s were important although there are seems different from the others. In his testimony, Newton Prince, a Negro, a member of the South Church, stated that he heard the people were crying for fire, stated that there was not any order for fire, only people were crying for fire. His testimony was strengthening the second argument which is soldiers might not differentiate the Captain Thomas Preston’s voice and other people’s.
To sum up, no one never can be sure that what happened on March 5, 1770 at Boston, Massachusetts exactly. There was a “massacre”, it is true but who gave the order “fire” is uncertain. May be Captain Thomas Preston gave the order, maybe he only said “don’t fire” and the soldiers misunderstood that is to say, they only hear the word “fire” thus they fired to the inhabitants. Or, another person gave the order and soldiers suppose that Captain Preston gave the order. However, as mentioned before the evidences which indicate the Captain Thomas Preston’s innocence are more reasonably because they are more matches up with the each other more than the evidences which show Captain Thomas Preston as a guilty. Either soldiers misunderstood the “don’t fire” or not able to differentiate the Captain Thomas Preston’s voice not very important because in either way Captain Thomas Preston was seen innocent.

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Massacre: The Boston Massacre

...The Boston Massacre was the name given to the day when the British Army Soldiers killed five civilians and wounded six others. This event happened on March 5, 1770. The critical incident contributed to the downfall of the British regime. This all began after the death of an eleven-year-old boy, Christopher Snyder. Ebenezer Richardson fired at Snyder because the boy and a few others were harassing and tormenting him. The fact that the people believed Richardson would be brought to justice during the court session halted everyone’s plans for retaliation. The Bostonians anger was also fueled by the possible threat of cutting down the “liberty tree.” The British soldiers took position outside a building reassuring that no violence was to occur. Not long after, a mob of civilians stumbled upon them and began calling the soldiers harsh names, throwing snowballs and other objects at them, and treating them with great disrespect. A civilian then threw a club which hit a British soldier causing him to fall to the ground. As he was falling the soldiers gun discharged and moments later the other soldiers began firing their weapon as well. Once again, as the smoke cleared the soldiers could see five civilians dead and other fleeing that have been wounded. The soldiers that committed the crime were sure to be punished, but at the first court trails they were found not guilty. The case was then taken into the hands of the English; there the accused soldiers were found guilty and harshly punished...

Words: 327 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Boston Massacre

...The Boston Massacre was an event, which led to the death of five colonists after British soldiers when ordered to fire upon them on March 5th, 1770. Much controversy surrounds the incident, as there seems to be a few different stories of what truly happened. Regardless, many people believe the Boston Massacre was the spark that ignited the Revolutionary War. My efforts will be focused on figuring our what really happened, and what events caused the British officers to shoot into the crowd of colonists. The incident took place on King Street (which is now called State Street today), on an early morning on the 5th of March in front of the British Sentry called Private Hugh White. Edward Gerrish, an apprentice of a wigmakers, began yelling at a British officer, lieutenant John Goldfinch for an unpaid bill. Gerrish left, but eventually came back hours later and began throwing rocks at the lieutenant. Soon, many colonists joined in and threw rocks themselves. At this point, Goldfinch had reached his boiling point, and challenged Gerrish before striking him with his musket. As the evening progressed, the crowd outside the sentry grew larger and larger and continued to harass the British officers. Meanwhile, Captain Thomas Preston overlooked the entire situation as it escalated. He immediately ordered 8 soldiers to help control the situation before it got out of hand. As the soldiers approached, with muskets loaded, the crowd of nearly 400 began to surround the outnumbered officers...

Words: 544 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Boston Massacre

...Boston Massacre | The Rebellion of the American People | By Sarah Burgess, James Kresa, Ryan Flynn, and Nick Zappier | | HIS 101 Prof Sundell HIS 101 Prof Sundell There are many things that are considered for leading to the American Revolution and one idea is that of oppression. Oppression is defined as “unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power” and “something that oppresses especially in being an unjust or excessive exercise of power.” (Merriam-Webster, 2014) Many colonists were dissatisfied with the Townsend Acts, which imposed import taxes, on things such as tea, glass, paper and other products from England. This was adding tension, along with the presence of British troops in the city of Boston. Rebellion was becoming evident among colonists, who felt that the British were making too strong of a presence and trying to have too much control over them. In reference to our first document, “A Monumental Inscription on the Fifth of March,” Isaiah Thomas details his disgust for the release of the murderous behavior of the British soldiers. He shares his feelings how justice may have not been served here by the court appointed judges, but it will be served in Hell. This article shows how many felt how the British were not held responsible for the slaughter deaths of the five colonists and the injuries of others. The colonists felt they had the right to protest the presence of the British troops and the unfair taxes. Thomas expresses the frustration of the...

Words: 283 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Boston Massacre Dbq

...The event that took place in Boston on March 5, 1770 was not a massacre. A massacre is considered an attack in which a large number of people are violently slaughtered and killed. On that day, colonists had weapons to defend themselves from the British. It would not be considered a massacre because of their ability to fight back and the fact that only 3 colonists died after the fight. The action on March 5 was just an unfair fight and it does not fall under the category of a massacre. The colonists that fought with the British Redcoats in Boston on March 5 had weapons to help defend themselves. The colonists used clubs and other weapons to harm the British. According to Document 3, Account of the Boston Massacre, “A townsman with a cudgel...

Words: 661 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Boston Massacre Essay

...The Boston Massacre occurred on March 5, 1770. The event took place on King Street, Massachusetts. During this event, the British soldiers ruthlessly murdered five innocent civilians and injured six others. The growing tension between the colonists and the British soldiers was a direct result of the Townshend Acts of 1768. The continuous rivalry between the two progressed into a violent memory in American history. The British soldiers that participated in the Boston Massacre should have been sent to prison because they took it upon themselves to open fire against civilians rather than reason with the defenseless colonists. Therefore the soldiers’ barbaric actions cannot be justified. The British soldiers that took arms against the civilians...

Words: 1171 - Pages: 5

Premium Essay

Boston Massacre Summary

...Kaitlyn Lott #6 Mr. Robeson Social Studies August 30, 2017 Boston Massacre Source Summary 1. The Captain remembered British soldiers were not welcomed when they arrived in Boston. In fact, it was quite the opposite. Many of the people living in Boston did not like the soldiers at all, only a few were known to be friends of the soldiers. However, Samuel Hemmingway said, “one evening I heard him [Killroy, a British soldier] say, he would never miss an opportunity, when he had one, to fire on the inhabitants[people of Boston], and that he had wanted to have an opportunity ever since he landed.” When a soldier from the 14th regiment was on trial, the Boston judge commented that the soldiers were on their own from now on. The judge also pointed...

Words: 882 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Boston Massacre Essay

...In colonial America during the late 1700’s revolutionary sympathetic newspapers such as the Boston Gazette printed stories propagandizing the ideals of the patriots with the most incendiary of these being the account of the Boston massacre published on March 12, 1770. Along with this account of the events, we have another from Captain Thomas Preston, who was in charge of the British soldiers during the incident, from his trial. By analyzing these two accounts it is clear that the events that occurred on March 5, 1770, were exaggerated by The Boston Gazette as a form of propaganda to spur revolution rather than an accurate account of the event that took the lives of 5 colonists and injured 6. In the account of events published in the gazette,...

Words: 760 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Essay On Boston Massacre

...“FIVE DEAD ON KING STREET! BRITISH SOULIDERS ARE MURDERS!” That is just some thing that would be yelled after the Boston Massacre. What is the Boston Massacre you may ask? It was soldiers taking self-defense and ending up as murders. The time is 1770; its still cold out and there is snow on the ground. A group of drunkards are looking for a fight when they see a British solider. They start to throw snow and get rowdy. The British solider hit one of them with the butt of his musket when he started to fight with him. That just got the ball rolling downhill from there. The drunkards and the group that started to form scared the solider. He calls for backup. Now a group of 8 against 300, these 300 are pushing them against a wall, causing the soldiers...

Words: 584 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Boston Massacre Research Paper

...and spread wide over Boston. On the day of the funeral all shops and stores were closed due to the incident that occurred. Thousands of people gathered to remember the five that died. The colonies became a nation working, thinking, and grieving together. It was a crucial step forward for the peoples of the colonies as they began to wonder whether they were truly subjects of such a cruel nation, subjects of their own nation. There were lots and lots of newspapers and articles published each of them were about the soldiers involved in crisis...

Words: 930 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

What Caused The Boston Massacre

...The Boston Massacre is known as the murdering of five American colonists by British soldiers. The exact cause of the Boston Massacre is unknown. Most commonly, it is said that the colonists were tormenting the soldiers that were simply trying to do their job.The colonists were said to be unarmed but they still had sticks and snowballs they were using as weapons. They were also yelling rude comments and daring the soldiers to fire. The colonists provoked the British soldiers to open fire on them. The colonists were basically asking to be shot at by yelling fire in a midst of a large group of soldiers with loaded guns, who were just waiting to hear that word come from their captain. Colonists also provoked the soldiers by hitting them with sticks and...

Words: 561 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Boston Massacre Research Paper

...Along with being called the boston massacre it was also called the state street massacre because the monstrosity was started on the streets of boston. Soon after the troops were sent to the colonies the colonist have had it, they were tired of being bossed . The colonists were so aggravated with the situation that on March 5, 1770 school boys threw snowballs and started calling guard's names in Customs house in Boston some say the boston massacre was only an accident because only five people died in it. British troops in the Massachusetts Colony were there to stop demonstrations against the Townshend Acts and keep things in the order they should be in, but instead they cause an enormous outrage. This all started with people getting tired of the stamp acts, they could not take it anymore. The night of the boston massacre was a very brutal night, not many people died but many were hurt. There was a crowd of three to four hundred people. The crowd was constantly throwing snowballs, shouting “FIRE!, FIRE!”, and spitting at the soldiers in the red coats or so they called the “lobster backs”. Preston yelled at the large sized crowd and told them to disperse, they did not listen and continued to do what they were before. Although the...

Words: 622 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Boston Massacre Research Paper

...The Boston “Bloody” Massacre took place on the streets of Boston on March 5, 1770. An angry mob started throwing snowballs at senator or collecting taxes. As the mob started to get violent an army of redcoats come to help break up the fight. The overall fight started when the king that was over 3,000 miles away sent over 2,000 troops over for a town of 16,000 people. The redcoats aim their weapons, but are told not to fire, the mob keeps coming at them. They are throwing snowballs and not giving up the fight. Soon the redcoats shoot, the first person to fall was a black sailor named Crispus Attucks who was in the front of the mob. Soon the word of the massacre spread all throughout Boston. Paul Revere, a man who worked for the newspaper, took...

Words: 258 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Argument Analysis: The Boston Massacre

...The Boston Massacre, also known as the “Incident on King Street,” occurred on March 5, 1770 in Boston, Massachusetts. Before the Boston Massacre occurred, colonists were irate due to the Townshend Acts which was created by the British that put tax on tea, glass, lead, paints, paper goods, and many other common items. These items would be made in Britain and the exported to the colonies; therefore, Britain decided to put a tariff on these items, which included a fee for exporting and trade. The colonists were irate because they were British citizens. The Boston Massacre began with a small argument between British Private Hugh White and a few colonists outside the Custom House in Boston on King Street. The argument escalated, more colonists gathered and began to harass Private Hugh White by throwing sticks and snowballs at him. Colonists continued to increase in numbers until there were over 50 colonists at the scene and soldiers were sent to the Custom House to maintain the argument....

Words: 1531 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Book Summary: The Boston Massacre

...According to my book it all started on the evening of March 5, 1770 when a couple of boys started provoking a British sentinel outside of the British Custom House in Boston, Massachusetts. The group of boys continued to bother the sentry and pushed him to his boiling point that caused him to hit one of the boys with his weapon. As soon as this happened an angry crowd surrounded the sentry to scare him and told him to ask for help. It so then happened that the officer of the day was Thomas Preston. He rushed to the site with seven British soldiers to protect the sentry. When he arrived, Preston and the seven soldiers tried to calm down the crowd but there hard effort was worth nothing because the crowd continued to disturb the sentry. When...

Words: 1593 - Pages: 7

Premium Essay

Boston Massacre Research Paper

...The Boston Massacre was a very tragic event that happened on March 5, 1770. It is a very important part of our history today. The Boston massacre was about the colonists and british throwing and firing things at each other, because the colonists started the event by breaking away from England and throwing objects at the British soldiers, and the British soldiers took it seriously and thought that they were declared to fight back. I think that the Boston Massacre happened as an accident. I believe this because the Boston soldiers were probably thinking the colonists were being cruel and wanting to actually start a war. One of the reasons that makes me believe that the Boston massacre was an accident is because the british soldiers thought that when they heard “Fire! Fire! Fire!” it was their captain and so they started firing guns and throwing snowballs like it says in one of the sources. Also the colonists had no idea that the british soldiers would fire guns and throw snowballs back at them or they never would’ve thrown sticks, rocks, snowballs ,or clubs at the British soldiers in the first place. I think the colonists got killed by an accident because the British soldiers used their instincts and fought back at the colonists before the colonists killed them before they...

Words: 650 - Pages: 3