...Culture, Technology and most of all the influence of the Military/War. The power the military and war played in Canada being the best place to live was evident during the Vimy Ridge battle in WWI, D-Day in WWII and during the Suez Crisis of 1956 during the post war years. Because of the success Canadians achieved during these encounters, Canada was seen as the best place to live. Vimy Ridge is an example of a battle were Canadians began to form an identity separate from that of France or Britain, liberating the country, which made it a great place to live. Before the Vimy Ridge battle, Canadians were fresh faced and rightfully under-estimated. Conversely, as soon as the battle commenced, Canadians earned a reputation for aggressive attack. The Germans were shocked at the aggression the Canadians were showing but were quick to realize that when a large number of Canadian troops all arrived at the same place, a battle would soon take place. This battle was arguably the first time in history that Canadians were seen as a threat. Leadership was also effectively portrayed during this battle due to the fact that it was the first total Canadian victory with Canadian troops fighting together under Canadian leadership. This was a crucial step in the growth of Canadian pride and nationalism. The Vimy Ridge battle was also a major and decisive victory in WWI, because neither the French nor Britain could capture the ridge and hold it. For the reason that Canada was the one to capture the ridge...
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...Following the second world war, Canada began to develop its reputation as a peace-keeper for the international community. As a middle power, policy makers believed it was crucial for Canada to be involved on the international stage. Many Canadians feel that “peacekeeping has a place of pride in the Canadian national identity,” (Canadian peacekeeping: a proud tradition, p.16). When Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent came to power, Canadian foreign policy shifted from isolationism to internationalism. While the Suez crisis and the Korean War are examples of Canada’s primary involvement in peacekeeping, Lester B. Pearson’s decision in 1964 to deploy Canadian troops to the United Nations peace-keeping mission in Cyprus. Canada’s involvement in Cyprus has shaped Canada’s foreign policy standards in a positive way because … Following the collapse of the Ottoman empire, the ownership of Cyprus was put into question. While many support the policy, enosis, Cyprus should be unified with Greece, habitants of the island were split, with 80 per cent of the population identifying themselves as Greek Cypriot and 18 per cent identifying as Turkish Cypriots. However, those who identified as Turkish did not support enosis. Following the First World War, it became apparent to Greek Cypriots that unification would not occur, as Greece rejected Britain’s offer of the island for support in the war. While unification with Greece was never achieved tensions between...
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...Since the 1950s, Canadians have taken pride in their role as a peacekeeper. In fact, two-thirds of Canadians believe that Canada is still essential to peacekeeping efforts today . From the Suez Crisis and Lester B. Pearson to modern day peacekeeping in Afghanistan, many Canadians have fought to re-establish peace. Many still debate whether Canada’s contributions to these efforts are meaningful or not. Based on the evidence, Canada merits the image of world peacekeeper to some extent as in the past they were an integral part of international peacekeeping efforts, however, in recent years they have not been a significant part of any UN missions, and the effect Canadian peacekeepers have today is minimal. Until the mid-1990s, Canada was an...
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...Every year on November 11th, there are always people in Canada wearing poppies to show their respect for the veterans who fought in the battlefield and people who were injured or killed in the First and Second World Wars. On November 11th, 2013, McGill University held the memorial ceremony for Remembrance Day. Veterans, McGill students and visitors from everywhere gathered together to celebrate and memorize this day. It was not hard to notice that almost everyone had a poppy on their collars. The red poppies remind people the brutality of war and efforts that Canadians had made to keep the homeland safe and complete. Accordingly every year on Remembrance Day Canadians wear poppies to show that they are not forgetting the history. Therefore, the poppy can be a symbol of Canada as it reminds Canadians the First and Second World Wars which had a deep influence on Canada in such ways that the wars gave Canadians a stronger sense of nation and that they promotes women to fight and gain their political rights, and as it is also characterized as peace that the soldiers risked their life to gain and Canada has always been a peace-keeper in the world stage. (Red Poppy Field, by Irina Sztukowski, 2012) Poppy is a kind of plant that can grow up to 4 feet tall and that often blooms in late spring to early summer. (Simon, Chadwick, and Craker, Herbs: An indexed bibliography). Its recognition as a symbol of remembrance of war originated from the poem “In Flanders Fields”...
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...The Congo Crisis in 1960 followed the Cold War and many of the tensions from it, and it was speculated that these Cold War tensions would arise again in Africa. The United Nations was quick to pursue the Security Council to send peacekeepers to the Congo to ensure a smooth transition as an independent state. Spooner’s article “Just West of Neutral” argues how Prime Minister Diefenbaker’s government pursued a policy that acknowledge the importance of achieving Western objectives in Congo while also avoiding Cold war views of some NATO allies. One of the main issues this article raises is Canada’s place in this matter and how it functioned as a member of the United Nations, NATO, and now ONUC. Earlier events such as the Suez Crisis gave a strong public opinion by Canadians that Canada should act as peacekeepers during the Congo crisis. Spooner...
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...Bryce Churchill Canada surprisingly had a lot more of a impact on the Cold War than you would expect. Whenever most people think about the Cold War, it usually comes down to two different things. The first one being a non-direct fight between the U.S.S.R and the U.S.A. The second being a war fought way up north. Canada as a country was actually a middle power during the events of the Cold War which means that Canada was not quite as large or powerful as the U.S.A during the Cold War but Canada still had some influence on a international level. This is most apparent in their involvement in the Korean War, involvement in peacekeeping operations around the world, and Lester B. Pearson actions that stopped a nuclear war around the world (the Suez...
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...Lester B. Pearson was a true Canadian leader through his leadership as Prime Minster and also through serving Canada during wartime. Pearson was the Prime Minster of Canada beginning in April 2nd. 1963, and resigned in 1968. Throughout his role of Prime Minster, Pearson was first hand involved with establishing a sense of Canadian nationalism and internationalism that made Canada stronger and helped distinguish Canada separately from other countries. With Pearson as prime minster Canada at this time was seen as a strong bicultural country. A country that was moving toward as one great nation and other countries were taking notice. Lester Pearson was the son of Annie and Methodist minister, Edwin Pearson. The Pearson’s resided in Aurora Ontario....
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...ENG3U1b 25 February 2013 The Genuine Meaning of Being Canadian What does it really mean to be Canadian? People have numerous statements to define themselves "Canadian". Many individuals would recognise themselves as Canadian citizens simply because they were born in Canada. In fact, it is sometimes the occasion that even people from different races may tell you that they are "just" or "100%" Canadian, when you ask their background. On the other hand, it is somewhat important to look at some general stereotypes of Canadians such as living in igloos (Eskimos), hating wars (i.e. peacekeeping), loving hockey, eating at Tim Horton's, wearing fur hats, and having "free" healthcare. Of course, most of these stereotypes are frivolous and fallacious while some others are tolerable merely to extent. Nonetheless, some people in different countries of the world, especially the U.S, apparently choose to think of them as the main characteristics of Canadian people. When it comes to peacekeeping, most Canadians would think of Lester B. Pearson's actions for Canada, like establishing the United Nation Emergency Force, for solving the Suez Crisis, and the Policy of Bilingualism in Canada. Pearson's eloquent speech illustrates the peacekeeping nature exists in Canadians, particularly when he declares "I am grateful for the opportunities I have been given to participate in that work as a representative of my country, Canada, whose people have, I think, shown their devotion to peace." I...
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...Peacemaking and Its Role in Bolstering Canadian Military Professionalism 16 December 2010 As the international view on how combat effectiveness is measured shifts with the change in how international conflicts are resolved, the role of the Canadians as peacekeepers has come under scrutiny. It has been argued that Canada's close tied with the United States has diminished the Canadian Force's relevance and ability to remain current in the modern theatre of war. However, Canada's participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations since 1945 has been a major factor in maintaining and enhancing military professionalism within the CF for the following reasons: 1. Peacekeeping is a dynamic role, always changing and evolving. 2. Peacekeeping and peacebuilding keeps the integrity Canada’s forces a strong presence both at home and on the international stage. 3. The training involved in performing these roles increases the diversity of the Canadian military. This paper will define what is meant when referring to military professionalism. It will then examine how peacekeeping is defined by the United Nations, the legacy of peacekeeping, and how it is born out of a tradition of combat. There will be a discussion about training peacekeepers, and how the Canadian Forces' role as a peacekeeper impacts our international relationships. In conclusion, the relevance of the CF's support missions and how they do indeed bolster its professionalism will be indisputable...
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...Canada and Egypt 4 Mutual Respect, Mutual Benefit 4 Common Interests 4 Changes over the Past Decade 5 Disarmament 5 La Francophonie 5 Other Areas of Cooperation 6 2025 Outlook 6 La Francophonie 6 Cultural Exchange 6 Recommendations 7 Political Stability 7 Middle East Tensions 7 Conclusion 7 References 8 Appendix 9 Introduction: How the Relationship between Canada and Egypt has developed, the Current Situation, and Expected further Developments (2005 – 2015) International relations between Canada and Egypt were forged during the construction of the Suez Canal, when Canada intervened to help solve a crisis in 1956 (Government of Canada, 2012). Both countries...
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...upon which is a crowned lion holding a red maple leaf. On the right is a lion rampant flying the Union Flag. On the left is a unicorn flying a fleurs-de-lis flag. A red ribbon around the shield says "desiderantes meliorem patriam". Below is a blue scroll inscribed "A mari usque ad mare" on a wreath of flowers. Flag Coat of arms Motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare (Latin) "From Sea to Sea" Anthem: "O Canada" Royal anthem: "God Save the Queen"[1][2] Projection of North America with Canada in green Capital Ottawa 45°24′N 75°40′W Largest city Toronto Official language(s) English and French Recognised regional languages Chipewyan, Cree, Gwich’in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Slavey (North and South) and Tłįchǫ[3] Demonym Canadian Government Federal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy[4] - Monarch Elizabeth II - Governor General David Johnston - Prime Minister Stephen Harper - Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin Legislature Parliament - Upper house Senate - Lower house House of Commons Establishment - British North America Acts July 1, 1867 - Statute of Westminster December 11, 1931 - Canada Act April 17, 1982 Area - Total 9,984,670 km2 (2nd) 3,854,085 sq mi - Water (%) 8.92 (891,163 km2/344,080 mi2)...
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...photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Eichengreen, Barry J. Exorbitant privilege : The Rise and Fall of the Dollar and the Future of the International Monetary System / Barry Eichengreen. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-975378-9 1. Money—United States—History—20th century. 2. Devaluation of currency—United States—History—21st century. 3. United States—Economic policy—2009– 4. Financial crises—United States—21st century. I. Title. HG540.E33 2010 332.4′973—dc22 2010018239 135798642 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper CONTENTS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Introduction Debut Dominance Rivalry Crisis Monopoly No More Dollar Crash Notes References Acknowledgments Index EXORBITANT PRIVILEGE CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The...
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...www.ccsenet.org/res Review of European Studies Vol. 4, No. 3; July 2012 Europe and the Middle East: From Imperialism to Liberal Peace? Raymond Hinnebusch1 1 School of International Relations, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK Correspondence: Raymond Hinnebusch, School of International Relations, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9AX, Scotland, UK. Tel: 44-1334-462-861. E-mail: rh10@st-andrews.ac.uk Received: November 24, 2011 Accepted: April 26, 2012 Online Published: July 1, 2012 doi:10.5539/res.v4n3p18 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v4n3p18 Abstract Europe’s relation with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is discussed in the context of normative (International Society) and materialist approaches (World System’s Theory). First, European imperialism’s export of a flawed Westphalian state system is summarized. How Europe is “caught” between MENA and the US and co-opted into a division of labour toward the region is then surveyed. The gap between the normative rhetoric and actual inequitable outcomes and structures constructed under the Euro-Mediterranean partnership is examined, looking at the three “baskets” of economic developmental, political reform and cultural convergence. Four “hard cases,” EU policies toward Palestine, Iran, Syria and Turkey, illustrate the ambiguities of the EU’s approach to MENA. MENA public opinion’s ambivalence toward Europe reflects these realities. The conclusion is that the EU’sMENA policy...
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...1 Egypt’s Accounting Standards (EAS) against IFRS: The Reason behind Compliance and The Main Differences. Ahmed Mostafa Eliwa German University in Cairo Supervised By: Prof: Dr. Ehab K. A. Mohamed 2 Chapter 1: IFRS Historical Background 1.1 Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to gather information about the history of the international financial and reporting standards (IFRS), the committee that issued them, and what the reasons behind issuing such standards are to be agreed and implemented across the world. In the following sections we will know more about the International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) “The IFRS Issuer” foundation and launching. Then we will talk about the IFRS and the IASC development during the period of 1973 - 2000. How the IASC started to issue their international accounting standards and to what extent they were agreed and implemented across the world. And also what are the difficulties that faced them to issue accepted international accounting standards during this period. Finally, in the last section, the factors that forced the IASC to be restructured to IASB “International Accounting Standards Board”. Moreover, and after correspondence and deliberations, the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) endorsement on the IFRS. 1.2 IASC Foundation and Launching: Following World War II, each country had its own Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP, the U.S. designation), or proper accounting practice. Even among the GAAPs...
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... chapter1 When Egypt fell under the rule of a Greek dynasty, the Ptolemies (332‐30 BC), the numerous scattered government granaries were transformed into a network of grain banks Greek and Roman link The Greeks coined money and developed a system of credit. The Roman Empire had a highly developed banking system, and its bankers accepted deposits of money, made loans, and purchased mortgages History of International Banking Collapsing Roman Empire in AD 476 was a major set back and banking declined in Europe. Italians are the first to have organised international banking due to the increase of trade in the 13th‐ century. The moneychangers of the Italian states developed facilities for exchanging local and foreign currency. As trade is growing, merchants demanded other services, such as lending money, and gradually bank services were expanded. Banking in the modern sense of the word can be traced to medieval and early Renaissance Italy, to the rich cities in the north such as Florence, Venice and Genoa. First reported international banks were established in Genoa, Milan, Venice and Florence in 12th Century According to the Encarta encyclopaedia the first bank to offer most of the basic banking functions known today was the Bank of Barcelona in Spain. This was founded by merchants in 1401. This bank held deposits, exchanged currency, and carried out lending operations. It also is believed to have introduced the bank check. Three other early banks, each managed by...
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