...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL MARKETING SUMMARY Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. A company that engages in global marketing focuses resources on global market opportunities and threats. Successful global marketers such as Nestle, Coca-Cola, and Honda use familiar marketing mix elements – the four Ps – to create global marketing programs. Marketing, R&D, manufacturing, and other activities comprise a firm’s value chain; The value equation (V =B/P) expresses the relationship between values and the marketing mix. Global companies also maintain strategic focus while pursuing competitive advantage. The marketing mix, value chain, competitive advantage, and focus are universal in their applicability, irrespective of whether a company does business only in the home country or has a presence in many markets around the world. However, in a global industry, companies that fail to pursue global opportunities risk being pushed aside by stronger global competitors. A firm’s global marketing strategy (GMS) can enhance its worldwide performance. The GMS addresses several issues. First is nature of the marketing program in terms of the balance between a standardization (extension) approach to the marketing mix and a localization (adaptation) approach that is responsive to country or regional...
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...iPod Human Rights Environmental Pollution Management Focus: Unocal in Myanmar Corruption Moral Obligations Management Focus: News Corporation in China ETHICAL DILEMMAS THE ROOTS OF UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR Personal Ethics Decision Making Processes Organizational Culture Unrealistic Performance Expectations Leadership Management Focus: Pfizer’s Drug Testing Strategy in Nigeria PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHES TO ETHICS Straw Men Utilitarian and Kantian Ethics Rights Theories Justice Theories FOCUS ON MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS Hiring and Promotion Organization Culture and Leadership Decision-Making Processes Ethics Officers Moral Courage Summary of Decision-Making Steps SUMMARY CRITICAL THINKING AND DISCUSSION QUESTIONS CLOSING CASE: Google in China Learning Objectives 1. Be familiar with the ethical issues faced by international businesses. 2. Recognize an ethical dilemma. 3. Discuss the causes of unethical behavior by managers. 4. Be familiar with the different philosophical approaches to ethics. 5. Know what managers can to do to incorporate ethical considerations into their decision making. Chapter Summary This chapter focuses on how ethical issues can and should be incorporated into decision making in an international business. The chapter starts by looking at the source...
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...Final Paper – International Management (2012-08-MAN-372-OL011) Management Strategies and Building a more Successful Global Business Introduction Globalization is a powerful real aspect of the new world system, and it represents one of the most influential forces in determining the future course of the planet. It has manifold dimensions: economic, political, security, environmental, health, social, cultural, and others. The focus here is on the concept of "globalization" as applied to the world economy. International expansion is simply about smart preparation and well-thought-out execution; it can be enticing and highly profitable, but only if you do it right. If you don’t plan for tax exposures, business model alterations, and international corporate structure in advance, then you’re setting yourself up for an uphill battle at best — and failure at worst. With the increasing trend of globalization, industries are rapidly expanding into the international market. With no exception, many U.S.-based companies are expanding beyond the home country despite the risks. Why is international expansion important? A company can grow by exploiting overseas market opportunities and imperfections through internationalization, and growth has a positive impact on the firm performance. In short, international expansion can be profitable to companies. Moreover, why is the relationship between international expansion and firm performance important? Ultimately, a company’s performance...
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...reductions and pressures for local responsiveness influence strategic choice. • Be familiar with different strategies for competing globally and their pros and cons. In this chapter the focus shifts from the environment to the firm itself and, in particular, to the actions managers can take to compete more effectively as an international business. This chapter looks at how firms can increase their profitability by expanding their operations in foreign markets, the different strategies that firms pursue when competing internationally, and the various factors that affect a firm’s choice of strategy. Subsequent chapters build on the framework established here to discuss a variety of topics including the design of organization structures and control systems for international businesses, strategies for entering foreign markets, the use and misuse of strategic alliances, strategies for exporting, and the various manufacturing, marketing, R&D, human resource, accounting, and financial strategies that international businesses pursue. OUTLINE OF CHAPTER 12: THE STRATEGY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Opening Case: MTV Networks Introduction Strategy and the Firm Value Creation Strategic Positioning Operations: The Firm as a Value Chain Global Expansion, Profitability and Growth Expanding the Market: Leveraging Products and Competencies Location Economies Experience Effects Leveraging Subsidiary Skills Summary Cost Pressures and...
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...Chapter 2 Managing Interdependence: Social Responsibility and Ethics Assessing the Environment Political, Economic, Legal, Technological Outline Opening Profile: Economic Crisis Spreads Through Financial Globalization The Global Business Environment Globalization Globality and Emerging Markets Effects of Institutions on Global Trade Effects of Globalization on Corporations Regional Trading Blocs The European Union (EU) Asia Comparative Management in Focus: China's Economy Keeps on Chugging. The Americas Other Regions in the World The Russian Federation The Middle East Developing Economies The African Union The Globalization of Human Capital The Global Manager's Role The Political and Economic Environment Political Risk Political Risk Assessment Managing Political Risk Managing Terrorism Risk Economic Risk The Legal Environment Contract Law Other Regulatory Issues The Technological Environment Global E-Business Conclusion Summary of Key Points Discussion Questions Application Exercises Experiential Exercise Internet Resources Case Study: Indian BPOs Waking Up to the Philippines Opportunity? Management Focus: Intel Brings Changes to Vietnam's Economy and Culture Information Technology OBJECTIVES: 1. To understand the global business environment and how it affects the strategic and operational decisions which managers must...
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...This page intentionally left blank Lut12575_fm_i-xxvi.indd Page i 2/10/11 2:28 PM user-f494 /203/MHBR222/Lut12575_disk1of1/0078112575/Lut12575_pagefiles International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University Lut12575_fm_i-xxvi.indd Page ii 2/11/11 2:35 PM user-f494 /203/MHBR222/Lut12575_disk1of1/0078112575/Lut12575_pagefiles INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions © 2009, 2006, and 2003. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing 10% postconsumer waste. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QDB/QDB 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-0-07-811257-7 MHID 0-07-811257-5 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Brent Gordon Vice President, EDP/Central Publishing...
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...PART 1 Introduction CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Global Marketing Case 1-1 The Global Marketplace Is Also Local onsider the following proposition: We live in a global marketplace. McDonald’s restaurants, Sony digital TVs, LEGO toys, Swatch watches, Burberry trench coats, and Caterpillar earthmoving equipment are found practically everywhere on the planet. Global companies are fierce rivals in key markets. For example, American auto industry giants General Motors and Ford are locked in a competitive struggle with Toyota,Hyundai,and other global Asian rivals as well as European companies such as Volkswagen. U.S.based Intel, the world’s largest chip maker, competes with South Korea’s Samsung. In the global cell phone market, Nokia (Finland), Ericsson (Sweden), Motorola (United C States), and Samsung are key players. Appliances from Whirlpool and Electrolux compete for precious retail space with products manufactured and marketed by China’s Haier Group and LG of South Korea. Now consider a second proposition: We live in a world in which markets are local. In China, for example, Yum Brands’ new East Dawning fast-food chain competes with local restaurants such as New Asia Snack.1 France’s domestic film industry generates about 40 percent of local motion picture box office receipts; U.S.-made movies account for about 50 percent. In Turkey, local artists such as Sertab account for more than 80 percent of recorded Exhibit 1-1: England’s Burberry Group celebrated its...
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...International Business Environment Name: University: Course Title: Instructor: Date: Executive Summary International business environment changes in the last couple of years have had a significant impact on the sectors of the world economy more so the airline sector, with this in mind the term paper focused on the impact of changes in the international business environment on the airline industry. International business environment is viewed as the most contexts for international business and comprehending how forces in this environment impact the business operations is the difference between business failure and success. To this end, the research established various changes in the business environment that have taken place in political, economic, financial and socio-cultural circles. Political changes especially the Arab spring have had far reaching impact on the airline sector with fall in passenger numbers to these destination as well as the rise in fuel prices negatively impacting the growth of the industry, political instability in other areas as well as laws regulating the airline sector have been on the rise as countries seek to protect local airlines, the economic crisis slowed down the growth of the sector but with the recovery process on track, the airline industry is expected to grow into the foreseeable future, issues such a new taxes for example carbon tax in Europe, the unstable foreign exchange market and inflationary pressures...
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...IBUS 480A & IBUS 581A. GLOBAL BUSINESS RISK MANAGEMENT Spring 2015 MW 4:45-6:10 pm Room: AA 370 4 credits Office Hours: Wednesday 1:00 – 2:00 pm or by appointment Office: AA-264 Secretary: Bernie Cencetti Office: AA-361 Telephone: (607) 777-2674 Email: bbobal@binghamton.edu Course Objectives In an increasingly globalizing world, more and more companies are going abroad to pursue their major business objectives. What are the risks encountered by MNCs in their international business operations? How to evaluate, approach and manage these risks? This course aims to provide a general understanding of the field of global risk analysis and management. More specifically, you will learn about the development of the risk assessment industry and the major approaches to risk assessment. You will also get acquainted with the various types of risk that international businesses face in their operations abroad, and the major strategies for risk mitigation and management. We will pay special attention to political risks (asset expropriation, contract repudiation, legal and regulatory risks), 1 societal risks (activism of international non-governmental organizations, reputation and public image issues), and everyday risks (corruption). Through a combination of readings, lectures, guest speakers, case discussions and risk assessment projects you will develop practical skills in evaluating and assessing risk, and will learn how to approach and manage risk on a global scale. Background...
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...Global Human Resource Management Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Describe the drivers behind globalization in the early 21st century. Discuss the role that culture plays in determining the effective use of human resource management practices in a global organization. Identify critical HRM issues faced by multinational and global organizations when they conduct business in the international marketplace. Internet/Web Resources General Sites www.expatexchange.com www.ilo.org www.odei.gov/cia/publications/factbook/ index.html www.mexicomaquila.com www.gmacglobalrelocation.com www.shrm.org globalgateway.monster.com Company Sites www.globaldynamics.com www.nortel.com www.bp.com www.dell.com www.ballygaming.com www.nestle.com www.unilever.com www.fiat.com www.volvo.com Career Challenge Chapter 4 Global Human Resource Management 97 Boswell Technologies is a computer software development firm located in Akron, Ohio. Michael Carl, vice president for human resources at Boswell Technologies, has just returned from San Benedetto, Italy. It seems that Boswell is soon going to become Boswell International. The company has just acquired a successful software firm located in San Benedetto. The purpose of the acquisition was to quickly allow Boswell to become a premier supplier of new and innovative computer software in Europe. On his first day back in Ohio, Michael has been called into the office of Boswell’s president, David Randolf, to give...
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...countries that selling Haier products around the globe. According to the Haier Group official website, Haier now has over 240 subsidiaries companies, over 110 design centers, plants and trading companies and over 50,000 employees throughout the world. Besides doing home appliances business, Haier’s also focused on technology research, manufacturing, trade and financial services. Eventually, the global revenue of Haier for 2005 was RMB 103.4 billion. 1.1 Ownership of The Company According to Financial times, as far as transforming moments in a CEO’s Career, Mr. Zhang Ruimin is the chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO of Haier Group. Mr. Zhang’s current goal is to further enhance Haier’s leadership in Chinese and global markets and strengthen the reputation of Haier’s brand worldwide. In 1984, Zhang Ruimin was appointed as the director of the Qingdao Refrigerator Factory, a small, ailing collectively-owned factory in the Shandong province of China. Under his leadership and unique management philosophy, the company has since grown to become the Haier Group as now to be the China leading’s home appliance brand, and one of the world’s largest home appliances makers with the distribution presence over 100 countries. Mr. Zhang’s management philosophy is a blend of international management principles and Chinese wisdom with innovation and excellence as its cornerstones. It is the driving force behind the motivation and enthusiasm of Haier’s staff over 50,000 employees...
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...PART 1 GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT CHAPTER ONE Globalization Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, you should be able to 1. Describe the process of globalization and how it affects markets and production. 2. Identify the two forces causing globalization to increase. 3. Summarize the evidence for each main argument in the globalization debate. 4. Identify the types of companies that participate in international business. 5. Describe the global business environment and identify its four main elements. A LOOK AT THIS CHAPTER This chapter defines the scope of international business and introduces us to some of its most important topics. We begin by presenting globalization—describing its influence on markets and production and the forces behind its growth. Each main argument in the debate over globalization is also analyzed in detail. We then identify the key players in international business today. This chapter closes with a model that depicts international business as occurring within an integrated global business environment. A LOOK AHEAD Part 2, encompassing Chapters 2, 3, and 4, introduces us to different national business environments. Chapter 2 describes important cultural differences among nations. Chapter 3 examines different political and legal systems. And Chapter 4 presents the world’s various economic systems and issues surrounding economic development. 24 Emirates’ Global Impact DUBAI, United Arab Emirates—The...
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...Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail......................................................... 2 Special report - Business in India: Inbound and outbound deals: Their oyste ....................................................... 12 Growing confidence dented by politicians .............................................................................................................. 16 BEST CROSS - BORDER M&A DEAL .................................................................................................................. 18 The Literature on Chinese Outward FDI ................................................................................................................ 19 Page 1 of 36 © 2012 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail India Infoline News Service 5,801 words 2 May 2012 Indiainfoline News Service INFOIN English Copyright © 2012. Indiainfoline Ltd. FDI- Foreign Direct Investment Context: NEWS FDI in multi-brand retail to go ahead,TNN (TIMES OF INDIA) Govt says committed to multi-brand retail FDI FE BUREAU Aviation FDI: Cautious, Centre set to take allies on board, BUSINESS STANDARD India has been ranked at the third place in global foreign direct investments in 2009 and will continue to remain among the top five attractive destinations for international investors during 2010-11...
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...Chinese Geely has attracted a lot of attention in the world-wide medias, particularly in Sweden and China. It is the largest overseas acquisition ever by a Chinese company, which marks a beginning of a new era that the fastest growing China has become a superpower in the world economy. Because this acquisition is such a complex business where two involved companies are so much different, it is of high interest to make a case study of this in the business research area. The thesis begins the study by looking at the basic facts of these two companies: the products, market, finance situation, brand and technology, etc. It was found that these two companies have very little in similarity, but a huge difference in product segment, technology and brand, inter-culture, language, etc. Therefore, there is no immediate cost saving through the integration of two companies and the sharing of the common components, which indicates that the risk of failure of this acquisition is relatively big. However, there do exist some opportunities lying ahead. The most obvious opportunity is the possible rapid expansion in the growing Chinese market as Volvo’s second home market. To be successful in China, Volvo must address several issues: quickly establish its local production in China, develop its own supply chain in China to reduce its cost, get into the list of the government procurement in China, etc. In all these aspects, Geely has good experience and competence, and should give Volvo a lift there...
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...Multinational Corporations and Foreign Direct Investment This page intentionally left blank Multinational Corporations and Foreign Direct Investment Avoiding Simplicity, Embracing Complexity Stephen D. Cohen 1 2007 1 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright # 2007 by Oxford University Press Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cohen, Stephen D. Multinational corporations and foreign direct investment: avoiding simplicity, embracing complexity / Stephen D. Cohen. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN-13 978-0-19-517935-4; 978-0-19-517936-1 (pbk.) ISBN 0-19-517935-8; 0-19-517936-6 (pbk.) 1. International...
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