...Communication, Fell Hall 428, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4480, United States Department of Communication, 322 Erickson Hall, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, United States Received 9 October 2006; received in revised form 26 January 2007; accepted 26 January 2007 Abstract Only recently has research begun concerning the longer-term aftermath of organizational crisis. This essay presents the genre of disaster rhetoric as a viable strategy to address the problems and opportunities that arise when the media write about crisis anniversaries or news stories that refer to any crisis or disaster, past or present. After a brief review of genre theory, the authors outline the seven functions of the “rhetoric of disaster” and provide multiple examples of their application to public relations activity and its news coverage. The essay concludes with questions that practitioners may use proactively in the development of copy points to address each of the rhetoric of disaster’s functions. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Rhetoric; Genre; Writing conventions; Disaster; Crisis; Message design 1. Overview The bulk of the crisis communication literature has been devoted to crisis plans and the principles behind them (e.g., Fearn-Banks, 2006; Seeger, Sellnow, & Ulmer, 2003), using issues management to prepare for potential crises or avoid them (e.g., Heath, 1997; Olaniran & Williams, 2001), and how organizations “speak” during crises (e...
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...HRM ESSAY HOW IS HRM INFLUENCING IN A COMPETITIVE WORLD BY MARIA MEMON BBA 5C SUBMITTED TO:MS SALEHA HAROON "In a global competitive world, you gotta win. When you win, you give back." ~ Jack Welch~ Human Resource management or the personnel management, in a sense means getting things done by its people. It is an essential role that is eventually played by every manager. HRM is basically about how one manage its people in a effective way in order to gain more productivity and HR means ‘human resource’ that show the people viewed as a resource in an organization, if effectively managed can bring productivity and can be a competitive advantage for an organization. Before putting an argument on how HRM is influencing in a competitive world we need to realize that HR is more than maintaining personnel functions. Corporate and economic development dictated that businesses to remain competitive, needs to view HRM as an evolutionary function. In this essay certain issues and challenges have been discussed that influence HR to remain competitive in this modern world. Firstly it is told about employees are the competitive advantage of a company and to manage it effectively is the primary goal of an organization. This essay is also about how workforce diversity can bring positive and negative impact on organization it is also about how rapid technological changes and globalization had bring challenge for HR professional. The basic point on which this essay focus is about...
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...Analytic Essay The political documentaries, Street Fight and Last Man Standing, portrayed elections that in an overall situational view were very similar. Both elections had a younger challenger than the incumbent; they also had one member that was from the area and one who grew up elsewhere, and like most elections they both had a central theme. Ethics, though, was the determinative factor for both. Street Fight showed the 2002 Newark, New Jersey non-partisan mayoral election between the longtime Democrat incumbent Sharpe James and Cory Booker. The old joke “the only way an incumbent leaves office is death or conviction” held true for this election as Sharpe James blatantly abused the power of his office to disrupt Cory Booker’s campaign, having the housing authority prevent Booker from canvasing buildings, sending code enforcement to threaten or shut down businesses for supporting Booker and having the police department tear down campaign signs on the day of the election. (Curry, 2005) Last Man Standing on the other hand had been about a rural Texas state legislature election in 2002 between the Republican incumbent, Rick Green and a Democrat challenger, Patrick Rose. With the number of ethical conflicts that had arisen for Green he was forced to acknowledge Rose and challenge him to several debates, backlashing, giving Rose even more of an opportunity to strike against Green’s ethics while in office and have more media face time within the district. The only thing working...
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...The Advancement and Obstacles of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Abstract This essay discusses articles that observe the financial standing of the National Aeronautic and Space Administration, as well as the correlation between public opinion and governmental funding. The main discussion goes through a history of the administration, separated into five different eras based on significant missions, and how each era differed based on the expected outcome of a mission or program. In addition, the government and the public’s financial support is discussed for each program. The fifth era then leads into the discussion of current funding and cuts from the Obama administration and the future of the agency with different goals in place. NASA has changed the face of America. From the beginning, the administration had very ambitious and innovative ideas that sparked heavy admiration and support yet, also much criticism. This large support and opposition has led to many different obstacles to overcome in progression, such as lack of funding and public support for astronomically innovative ideas. History Lambright (2010) states the most fundamental explanation of the development of NASA, saying, “NASA has a life that is a function of its internal dynamics and political environment. As that environment has changed, NASA has adapted—sometimes voluntarily, other times under pressure. As NASA has altered, so, too, has its relationship with external...
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...Thani family), and UAE (a federation of seven sheikdoms). After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the traditional royal families in the Gulf States fell under British control, which sought to secure the route to India and pledged to protect the Gulf region from external aggression in return. Moreover, Britain’s imperial policy empowered the royal families’ authorities and gave them a recognized ruling identity. The arrival of Western oil companies, seeking concessions in the 1930s, further consolidated the authority of the ruling families (Cleveland and Bunton, 2009). This essay will focus on the impacts of oil-abundance on the Gulf states, which more precisely explain the resilience of incumbent regimes. The concept of ‘rentier state’ accounts for the continued survival of absolute monarchies such that democracy is forgone in favour of an authoritarian regime. The main argument of this essay is, however, that a combination of rentierism; and traditional Islamic culture, which are further reinforced by rentierism, elucidate the survival of absolute monarchies in the Gulf in a more accurate fashion. . The Islamic traditional cultures, such as consultation, consensual relationship, and value of stability have also led to the continuance of monarchical system alongside with rentierism. Case for rentierism will then be countered by modernization...
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...7 ANALYZING THE AUTHOR’S PURPOSE AND TECHNIQUE he writer’s overall purpose determines the techniques he or she uses. The writer’s reason for writing a particular article or book may be manipulative, as in propaganda or advertising, or may be more straightforward, as in informative writing. In either case, understanding the writer’s underlying purpose will help you interpret the context of the writing. It will also help you see why writers make the decisions they do—from the largest decisions about what information to present to the smallest details of what words to use. The chapter concludes with instructions on how to write an analysis of purpose and technique. This kind of rhetorical analysis will provide the perspective required to keep you from being pushed by words in directions you don’t want to go. T 103 104 Part 1 Writing About Reading The Writer's Purpose Insofar as people know what they are doing, they plan their actions to achieve their purposes. Someone who selects the purpose of being rich will design and carry out a set of actions, legal or illegal, to gain the desired wealth. A person who wants to gain great wisdom will design an entirely different life course. Writers, whether they want most to be wealthy or wise, have specific purposes they hope to achieve by any piece of work. If they are skilled writers—that is, in control of what they write—they design each aspect of what they are writing to achieve their purpose. Being aware of the writer's...
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...The Concept of Knowledge Communication and Its Relevance to Management USI Research Note July 2006, Version 2.2 Martin J. Eppler, School of Communication Sciences, University of Lugano (USI), Switzerland, Martin.Eppler@lu.unisi.ch, www.knowledge-communication.org Abstract: In this research note we illustrate the relevance of the notion of knowledge communication for management. We outline where and how the communication of expertise from specialists to decision makers is crucial. We introduce key elements of the concept of knowledge communication and review influential theoretical constructs that explain why knowledge communication among experts and decision makers frequently fails. 1. INTRODUCTION: THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWLEDGE COMMUNICATION IN MANAGEMENT Communicating professional knowledge is a key activity for today’s specialized workforce. The efficient and effective transfer of experiences, insights, and know-how among different experts and decision makers is a prerequisite for high-quality decision making and coordinated, organizational action (Straub & Karahanna, 1998; Rosenthal & ‘t Hart, 1991). Situations of such deliberate (interfunctional) knowledge transfer through interpersonal communication or group conversations (Gratton & Goshal, 2002, Tsoukas 1996) can be found in many business constellations, as the following typical examples illustrate: Technology experts present their evaluation of a new technology to management in order to jointly devise a new production...
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...The Concept of Knowledge Communication and Its Relevance to Management USI Research Note July 2006, Version 2.2 Martin J. Eppler, School of Communication Sciences, University of Lugano (USI), Switzerland, Martin.Eppler@lu.unisi.ch, www.knowledge-communication.org Abstract: In this research note we illustrate the relevance of the notion of knowledge communication for management. We outline where and how the communication of expertise from specialists to decision makers is crucial. We introduce key elements of the concept of knowledge communication and review influential theoretical constructs that explain why knowledge communication among experts and decision makers frequently fails. 1. INTRODUCTION: THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWLEDGE COMMUNICATION IN MANAGEMENT Communicating professional knowledge is a key activity for today’s specialized workforce. The efficient and effective transfer of experiences, insights, and know-how among different experts and decision makers is a prerequisite for high-quality decision making and coordinated, organizational action (Straub & Karahanna, 1998; Rosenthal & ‘t Hart, 1991). Situations of such deliberate (interfunctional) knowledge transfer through interpersonal communication or group conversations (Gratton & Goshal, 2002, Tsoukas 1996) can be found in many business constellations, as the following typical examples illustrate: Technology experts present their evaluation of a new technology to management in order to jointly devise a new production...
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...BECOMING ZIMBABWE TEACHING HISTORY IN CONTEXT IN ZIMBABWE Miles Tendi Published by the Institute for Justice and Reconcilation Wynberg Mews, Ground Floor, House Vincent, 10 Brodie Road, Wynberg 7800, South Africa www.ijr.org.za © 2009 Institute for Justice and Reconciliation First Published 2009 All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-920219-18-5 Produced by Compress.dsl www.compressdsl.com CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 CHAPTER 1: Using history 5 The uses of liberation history in Zimbabwean politics • Historical context • ZANU PF’s ‘Patriotic History’ • Patriotic History’s detractors • What is Patriotic History? • The opposition’s use of history 5 5 6 6 8 CHAPTER 2: History in secondary and higher education 11 History curriculum development in Zimbabwe’s secondary schools and higher education institutions, and the implications for reconciliation, national healing and transitional justice • The growth in education since independence • History in secondary schools • History in higher education • A review of the NASS syllabus 11 11 14 17 CHAPTER 3: Teaching history 23 Challenges of teaching history in Zimbabwe, points of contention and consensus, and future prospects • Repression in tertiary institutions • Decline in secondary schools • National youth training service centres • Reasons for optimism 23 25 25 26 CHAPTER 4: Supporting history teaching 29 Supporting secondary and higher educators, and proposals towards learning sessions, modules and activities for history...
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...KING LEAR Act One The play opens at Lear’s court, where we meet the main characters. The opening scene is in itself shocking, as Lear forces his daughters to declare their love for him. The one who loves him the most will receive the largest part of his kingdom, which he intends to divide between the three. Lear himself wishes to hand over the ruling of the kingdom to his daughters, while retaining the ‘Pre-eminence, and all the large effects / That troop with majesty’ (Scene 1, Lines 131-2). Goneril and Regan acquit themselves well at this love test. Cordelia, however, dismayed by her sisters’ ponderous words, refuses to take part in the ‘contest’ and tells Lear that she loves him as her duty instructs her. When Cordelia refuses to speak again, Lear casts her off without a moment’s hesitation. Ken attempts to argue with the King, accusing him of ‘hideous rashness’ (Scene 1, Line 151). When Kent further warns Lear that his elder daughters are false flatterers, Kent too is banished. Lear invests Albany and Cornwall with power, and, after Burgundy refuses to take Cordelia as his wife, now that she is without dowry, France takes her for her virtues alone. Goneril and Regan complain, in private, about Lear’s harsh judgement and unpredictable behaviour and worry that they too may be treated unfairly. Edmund, Gloucester’s bastard son, soliloquises about his own situation, revealing his devious intentions towards his brother. When his father enters, Edmund’s...
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...The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School The Mary Jane and Frank P. Smeal College of Business ESSAYS IN POLITICAL MARKETING A Dissertation in Business Administration by David LeBaron 2008 David N. LeBaron Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2008 The thesis of David N. LeBaron was reviewed and approved* by the following: William T. Ross, Jr. Professor of Marketing Dissertation Co-Advisor Co-Chair of Committee John C. Liechty Associate Professor of Marketing Dissertation Co-Advisor Co-Chair of Committee Peter Ebbes Assistant Professor of Marketing David J. Huff Clinical Assistant Professor of Supply Chain and Information Systems Johannes Baumgartner Professor of Marketing Head of the Department of Marketing *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Political marketing sits at the nexus of two disciplines, political science and marketing, but is not entirely accepted by either. The present research looks at the origin, development, and evolution of political marketing and examines how the adoption of a political marketing orientation is impacting the practice of political campaigns. The role of political marketing in actually changing voters’ preferences is also examined, showing that grassroots marketing efforts seem to have the greatest effect, especially with undecided voters. Finally, voter segments are derived...
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...Philosophy and Design Pieter E. Vermaas • Peter Kroes Andrew Light • Steven A. Moore Philosophy and Design From Engineering to Architecture Pieter E. Vermaas Delft University of Technology Delft the Netherlands Andrew Light University of Washington Seattle USA Peter Kroes Delft University of Technology Delft the Netherlands Steven A. Moore University of Texas Austin USA ISBN 978-1-4020-6590-3 e-ISBN 978-1-4020-6591-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007937486 © 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com Contents List of Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Design in Engineering and Architecture: Towards an Integrated Philosophical Understanding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Peter Kroes, Andrew Light, Steven A. Moore, and Pieter E. Vermaas Part I Engineering Design ix 1 Design, Use, and the Physical and Intentional Aspects of Technical Artifacts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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...islamic leviathan religion and global politics John L. Esposito, Series Editor University Professor and Director Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding Georgetown University islamic leviathan Islam and the Making of State Power Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr Islamic Leviathan Islam and the Making of State Power Ú seyyed vali reza nasr 1 2001 3 Oxford Athens Chennai Kolkata Nairobi New York Auckland Bangkok Bogotá Buenos Aires Cape Town Dar es Salaam Delhi Florence Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Paris São Paul Shanghai Singapore Taipei Tokyo Toronto Warsaw and associated comapnies in Berlin Ibadan Copyright © 2001 by Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr Published by Oxford University Press, Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza, 1960 – Islamic leviathan : Islam and the making of state power / Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr. p. cm.—(Religion and global politics) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-514426-0 1. Malaysia—Politics and government. 2. Islam and politics—Malaysia. 3. Pakistan—Politics and government—1988...
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...МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ИНСТИТУТ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ (УНИВУРСИТЕТ) МИД РОССИИ Кафедра английского языка № 4 Н.И. Хватова Английский язык УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ ПО ПЕРЕВОДУ И РЕФЕРИРОВАНИЮ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ТЕКСТОВ ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЙ УРОВЕНЬ «С 1» Третье издание Издательство МГИМО-Университет 2009 Данное пособие является третьей редакцией Учебного пособия по переводу и реферированию экономических текстов (первая редакция была выпущена в 1999 году, вторая – в 2006 году). Пособие соответствует Европейскому уровню С – 1 и предназначается, в частности, для студентов 4 курса факультета МБДА. Его основная цель – обучение работе с оригинальной литературой по специальности, что достигается путём создания прочного навыка письменного и устного перевода с английского языка на русский. Table of Contents Chapter I: Management Practices in European, American and Asian Companies Unit 1 – The Man Who Invented Management ….…………………..8 Unit 2 –Want a Nice Piece of a Chaebol?...........................................27 Unit 3 – Last Tango in Detroit?........................………………….…..33 Unit 4 – Lean, Mean, and… German? ………………………………41 Unit 5 – How Failure Breeds Success…………………………….....48 Chapter II: Supply Chain Management Unit 6 – Inventories Won’t Kill Growth …………………………...
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...GENDER-BASED AFFIRMATIVE ACTION AND REVERSE GENDER BIAS: BEYOND GRATZ, PARENTS INVOLVED, AND RICCI ROSALIE BERGER LEVINSON* I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. History Behind the Affirmative Action Race/Gender Anomaly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. The Circuit Split on the Race/Gender Conundrum . . . . . . . . . IV. Analogy to Race-Based Affirmative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Remedial Purpose as a Justification for Affirmative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. The Diversity Rationale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. The Arguments Against Affirmative Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. INTRODUCTION The blockbuster race discrimination cases in recent years have all involved affirmative action and reverse discrimination. The Supreme Court has made it clear that race classifications, whether benign or invidious, will trigger rigid strict scrutiny analysis, which requires that the government prove its program is narrowly tailored to serve a compelling interest. In 2003, the Court, in Gratz v. Bollinger,1 ruled that while student diversity in educational institutions may be a compelling interest, an affirmative action program...
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