...programs that drastically changed the lives of civilians was the Works Progress Administration, or WPA. The WPA was created by Franklin D. Roosevelt, it offered work relief to people, and was broadened to include entertainment jobs, such as writers and actresses. Franklin D. Roosevelt was a candidate for presidency against Herbert Hoover. Roosevelt won and became the 32nd president (Leuchtenburg 17)....
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...Introduction: The Great Depression was considered to be one of the darkest times in America’s history. It all began in 1929 and lasted about a decade. At the beginning of the Great Depression, the banks failed, the stock market crashed, many people lost their jobs and the economy came to a near standstill. Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president in 1933. He was president for three terms. During his presidency, he did everything in his power to end the depression and put Americans back to work. He is best known for a series of programs commonly called the New Deal. The New Deal was significant because it helped put America back on track. The New Deal created jobs, a better economy and, most of all, it created hope. Significance and key objectives of the New Deal: The real significance of the New Deal was that it increased both the size and the power of the federal government. The federal government grew after the Civil War, but the New Deal sped up the growth rate. Americans were looking to the national government for assistance in all areas of their lives. FDR was the man for the job. The New Deal had three objectives. They were relief, recovery and reform. The 3 R’s The administration knew that they needed to take immediate action or relief to stop the panic and downward spiral of the economy. To do this, FDR closed the...
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...February 2014 “New Deal Legislation” Franklin Delano Roosevelt became 32nd President of these United States. At this time American was a country that was facing one of the foulest economic issues in history. Ever since the Great Depression more than seventy-five billion was lost, the gross national production ensured nearly downgraded from one hundred and four billion to seventy-four billion. Over this time United States exports fell over sixty-two percent. Over twenty-five percent of the workforces in our nation were unemployed; in some places the unemployment was higher than others. Walking through the streets in agony many women and men dressed in such despair searched for work, any source of food, and any soup kitchens to wonder into to keep from starving. In other parts of America, such as the rural areas, many crops just sat there to rot while the farm income went downhill and most families were forced to leave their homes and find somewhere else to settle down. Due to all the economic issues, over 11,000 banks shut down and the United States banking system stopped functioning completely. The nation seemed to be collapsing and becoming into an economic gulf that had a possibility of resulting in a complete breakdown of array. Many feared that if the nation did not take action into trying to resolve the issue, a revolution would be right around the corner. Due to all the fear sweeping over the nation FDR took the responsibility into creating the “New Deal Legislation.”...
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...This plan was an attractive deal for Southern people by Abraham Lincoln. It was said that that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union if 10 percent of its voters made a grave promise of reliability to the Union. RADICAL REPUBLICANS These people were members of Republican Party during the Civil War. They did an overwhelming effort to secure rights for liberated slaves during Reconstruction. The Wade–Davis Bill In 1840, two Radical Republicans, Senator Benjamin from Ohio and Henry Winter Davis of Maryland proposed this bill willing for Reconstruction of the South. It demanded the reliability of 50 percent people of readmitting to the union. Andrew Johnson and his plan for Reconstruction In 1864, Abraham Lincoln nominated Andrew Johnson, who was democratic representative from Tennessee, as his Vice Presidential candidate. He thought that with Johnson he would speak to Southerners who never needed to leave the Union. Black codes After the Civil War, southern states passed these laws. According to these laws, black people were insisted to live slave and do labor work “Waving the bloody shirt” In American history, the expression got acclaim with a developed event in which Benjamin Franklin Butler of Massachusetts, when making a talk on the floor of the U.S. Spot of Representatives, professedly held up a shirt with the blood of a carpetbagger whipped by the Ku Klux Klan. Comparison of US emancipation w/ other American societies the greater part of the Haitian...
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...At his inauguration on March 4, 1933, Franklin Delano Roosevelt delivered one of his most famous lines to the American people. He told them “…the only thing we have to fear is fear itself .” As a matter of fact, once in office, he quickly started to fix the economy and get Americans back to work. In the same vein, the legislation rolled out in the following eight years became known as the New Deal, which contained the three Rs, relief, recovery, and reform. Some aspects were successful, while others failed to deliver. The first R was relief. It was designed to be immediate action taken to stop the economic decline. The day after he took office, Roosevelt declared a bank holiday under the Emergency Banking Relief Act to inspect all the banks...
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...War on Poverty Begun officially in 1964, the War on Poverty was an ambitious governmental effort to address the problem of persistent poverty in the United States. Over the next decade, the federal government—in conjunction with state and local governments, nonprofit organizations, and grassroots groups—created a new institutional base for antipoverty and civil rights action and, in the process, highlighted growing racial and ideological tensions in American politics and society. Marked by moments of controversy and consensus, the War on Poverty defined a new era for American liberalism and added new layers to the American welfare state. Legislatively, the first two years were the most active. Between President Lyndon Johnson’s State of the Union address in 1964 and the liberal setbacks suffered in the congressional elections of 1966, the Johnson administration pushed through an unprecedented amount of antipoverty legislation. The Economic Opportunity Act (1964) provided the basis for the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), the Job Corps, Volunteers in Service to America (VISTA), Upward Bound, Head Start, Legal Services, the Neighborhood Youth Corps, the Community Action Program (CAP), the college Work-Study program, Neighborhood Development Centers, small business loan programs, rural programs, migrant worker programs, remedial education projects, local health care centers, and others. The antipoverty effort, however, did not stop there. It encompassed a range of Great Society...
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...Chapter 24: The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1939 I. Causes of the Depression A. The Stock Market Crash · There was extreme prosperity in the 1920’s. · Prices were steadily rising and the stock market was values at $27 billion. · Some 9 million Americans were playing the stock market, borrowing most of what the stock was worth. · Margin buying - the use of credit, in which stockbrokers lent speculators up to 75% of the stock’s actual cost. · Black Thursday - October 24, 1929 - there was an unexpected volume of selling on Wall Street, and stock prices plunged. · Black Tuesday - October 29, 1929 - the bottom fell out as millions of investors ordered their brokers to sell, when there were no buyers to be found. · From then on the stock market continued to decline. B. Uneven Distribution of Income · Wages were barely rising compared to the rise in production and corporate profits. · The top 5% richest people received a third of the income. C. Excessive Use of Credit · Brought on by the increased desire for material things. D. Overproduction of Consumer Goods E. Weak Farm Economy · Farmers suffered from high debts and low cost for their products. · Severe weather and long drought. F. Government Policies · Government had high faith in businesses and did little to control them. · High tariffs protected U.S. industries, but severely hurt farmers. G. Global Economic Problems · Resulting in high debts from...
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...The Great Depression was a time of economic disaster. It lasted for a decade from 1929 to 1939 and still has lasting effects on today’s society. There were four main factors that attributed to this crisis; failures in banks, inequality distribution of wealth, overproduction and the crash of the stock market. During this time, Americans were devastated and hopeless because the economic growth was being replaced by a continuously contracting economy. It was not until Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected as president in 1932 did things take a turn for the better. As part of his administration, he put forward forth an institutional plan called the ‘New Deal’, which is a set of programs used to reform and provide aid the Great Depression. He hoped...
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... Before the coming of the Colonial powers, the law which was applied in the Malay States was the Islamic Law, which had. absorbed to some extent the rules of the Malay custom 1 In Malacca the law was compiled in the Malacca Laws and when the Malacca Empire fell versions of the Malacca Laws 2 were applied in the other States. as for example in Pahang and Johore and Kedah.3 In Trengganu the Islamic Law was applied particularly in the time of Sultan Zainalabidin III.4In Johore the Majallat al-Ahkam a compendium of the civil law from Turkey, was translated into Malay, at the beginning of the twentieth century and ordered to be applied in Johore. Similarly the Hanafite Code of Qadri Pasha in Egypt was adapted and translated into Malay as the Ahkam Shariyyah,Johore.5 However with the coming of the British and their influence in the Malay States, English Law was introduced in the form of codes taken from those enacted in India, including the Penal Code. the Contract Act, the Evidence Act, the Criminal Procedure Code, the Civil Procedure Code: and in the field of land law legislation based on the Torrens System was introduced. The introduction of these laws meant that the Islamic Law was no Ionger applicable in the areas covered by those laws. More significantly still, courts were set up headed by British judges trained in the English Common Law and the judges of these Courts tended to apply the English Law whenever there was no legislation which could be applied. In this way the law...
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...Nina Wohl Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences AHIS W4855 African American Artists in the 20th and 21st Centuries Spring 2012 Research Paper – African American Art & the Great Depression The Great Depression was the worst economic downturn of the twentieth century. The federal government took unprecedented action to provide relief, recovery and reform. No group was harder hit by the Great Depression than African Americans. The New Deal was slow to deal with the unique situation faced by African Americans. The struggles of the Great Depression laid the foundation for the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Art would play an important role in influencing the future. Despite its limitations, the New Deal, through the Works Progress Administration’s (WPA) Federal Arts Program (FAP), was responsible for reshaping the cultural agenda and “marked a significant turning point in the production of black culture.”1 The artists of the Great Depression built upon the work done during the Harlem Renaissance. New Deal art extended and affirmed art that translated “politics into cultural terms.”2 The FAP looked for a “new sense of authentic American culture – one that championed national values and traditions by celebrating regional and racial diversity.”3 As a result, many artists worked to place African Americans in the historical narrative of the United States while combating long held stereotypes. None were less important than Aaron Douglas...
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...To Americans in the 1930s, the Great Depression was a devastating blow to their previously carefree lifestyle. This time of trials and struggles was brought on by several events. After World War I, farmers struggled as prices dropped from sky-high from feeding an army to an all time low when their services were no longer needed. They tried to produce more, lowering prices, and ultimately selling themselves out of business. The steady decline of industry also contributed to the Great Depression. Cars and buses were created, putting thousands of railroad workers out of work, the same going for coal mining and factories as new sources of power were discovered. Fewer homes being built also led to an increased unemployment rate. Consumer...
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...improve esteem, equivalence, and to have equal rights as men. Nevertheless, this mission has been challenging because of the notion in which men are higher to and have the right to rule over women. This way of life has saturated the societal construction of civilizations all the way through since the creation of man. The free-for-all of women rights was even more problematic for women. Wifehood and parenthood were considered to be the women's most important jobs. In the 20th era, however, women in some countries won the right to vote and improved their educational and job opportunities. Conceivably most significant, they took an enormous step by changing everyone’s thinking of the customary visions of their roles in society. This value has drenched the social structure of societies throughout the world. Even in today’s times, women are still struggling for rights that men take for granted. The struggle of women rights was even more problematic for women of color because not only did they have to deal with issues of sexism. They also had to deal with discrimination. The first known women’s right conference was held in Seneca Falls, New York in July 1848. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott grew an organized group of women to deliberate antislavery and willpower. Stanton also formed her draft of The Declaration of Sentiments on the 1776 Declaration of Independence. After finalizing their article, it signed by hundreds of men and women from different backgrounds. The journalists...
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...The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was enacted in 1965 as part of the Johnson Administration War on Poverty campaign. This major federal law authorized federal spending on programs to support K-12 schooling. ESEA is the largest source of federal spending on elementary and secondary education. Since the initial in 1965, ESEA has been reauthorized seven times, but only the last four (4) will be mentioned. In 1994 the Improving America’s School Act was reauthorized under the Clinton Administration. This reauthorization puts into place key standards and accountability elements for local and state schools to receive funding under the law, and Goals 2000 a special interest group. In January 2002 another reauthorization came into play with the No Child Left Behind Act under the Bush Administration. This came in the form of testing and accountability. This required that states test students annually in reading, mathematics, and science. Also each individual school, and school district must publically report the test results. The aggregate results must be specific to student’s subgroups, including low-income students, students with disabilities, English language learners, and major racial and ethnic groups. The NCLB also required states, school districts and all schools ensure that all students are proficient in grade level math and reading by 2014 During the Obama Administration the President called on Congress to work across the aisle and fix the problem that the NCLB...
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...Introduction To Public Administration–MGT111 VU LESSON 01 INTRODUCTION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. The course on Public Administration/Management has following objectives: Understand the concept of public administration/ management/organization Understand the evolution of the concept of public administration and its importance Understand the role of government Understand the role and core functions of public manager Understand the structure of government /organizations Create understanding about the skills required by the public manager in imparting duties Understand the changing role of government and role of public managers. Importance of Course: The course on public administration/management is important as every citizen must understand the functioning of government. Besides, whether one works in private or public organization, or one is doing ones own business or whatever the profession, this course is useful as it helps understand organizations and their functioning. It also helps us understand the environment in which we are working. Introduction: definitions, concepts & setting At the end of lecture the students should be able to understanding: • The meaning of PA • The practice of public administration (PA) • Public administration as a subject of study • Definition of Public administration • Public administration, democracy and rights of citizens The Meaning The word ‘administration’ has been derived from Latin words ‘ad’ = to and ‘ministiare’ = serve and ‘Public’ =people...
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...memorable depression to date. Herbert Hoover was a laisser faire President. He was blamed for not taking a more aggressive approach to the Great Depression. Only to believe the economy would fix itself. At the time of the Great Depression the US unemployment rate was at an all time high of 25%. So what are the main reasons that sparked the Great Depression? There are several reasons behind what actually caused the Great Depression. The Great Depression was not the first the nation experienced, but it was the most memorable. With recklessness on Wall St. Stock Market – excessive greed “buying on the margin” and over speculation. The banking industry took a dive for the worse. Farmers suffered tremendously because of the plummeting agricultural prices. Hoover attempted to intervene, but the acts passed by Congress and signed by him were the worst. Many believe it caused the problem to exacerbate. Hoover signed the Smoot- Hawley Act, which raised taxes. Raising taxes at a time of a depression was the worst. It was guaranteed to be doomed. President Hoover did led the Food Relief Effort, which put food into the hands of many Europeans during the world wide depression. During the Election of 1932 Hoover is defeated by Franklin Roosevelt. Roosevelt attempts to pass a number of acts in 100 days. This is also called the New Deal. Roosevelt’s New Deal was put into place to help the struggling economy...
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