...Countertrade practices have expanded during the past decade. Long associated primarily with East-West trade, they appear to be spreading to other areas. The international community, however, has not been effective in addressing these practices which are, in large measure, contrary to the basic tenets of free and multilateral trade. The Eastern countries had refused to discuss the matter with their trading partners until a meeting with Western countries at the U.N. Economic Commission for Europe (Geneva) in November 1981. Unfortunately, this meeting ended in a deadlock. In light of the fundamental differences between centralized Eastern European economies and the decentralized Western markets, it is not surprising that the two sides have divergent opinions on countertrade. The Eastern European countries are almost unanimously in favor of such deals, the inference being that they find countertrade mainly to their advantage. Western opinion of countertrade, however, has been mostly unfavorable. 2. Reasons why the Eastern European countries find countertrade attractive With few exceptions (e.g. Hungary), there has been no public discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of countertrade in the Eastern European countries. The ambiguity of the terms used, especially the confusion between industrial and commercial compensation, hinders constructive discussion. East- * This note presents a brief outline of the main advantages and disadvantages of trade in the form of compensation deals...
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...HR__________________________________________________________ ________________ 15 Self-Management ____________________________________________________________ ___________ 16 Leadership__________________________________________________ ___________________________ 17 References ____________________________________________________________ _________________ 18 HR basic history roles structure The Czech Republic seems to be an example of an undeveloped country due to an externally entailed system. Before the Second World War the Czech part of earlier Czechoslovakia used to be part of to the most developed areas of Europe and actually one of the fifteen best developed countries in the world. This was not only based on the high level of GNP (gross national product per capita), technology and standard of living but also on its personnel management. On the contrary to other Eastern European countries the Czech Republic already showed a high level of industrialization. Resident firms like Bata Company or Škoda with a well installed personnel management system have already had many characteristics of the current HR Management in the Czech Republic....
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...Unilever Corporate Crimes Promoting Consumerism Misleading marketing Market domination Procter&Gamble and Unilever reach agreement Pushing the neoliberal agenda and spreading false information Exploiting -relatively cheap- resources in the Third World Promoting unsustainable agriculture Environmental pollution 9. Using consumerism to ‘eradicate’ poverty Taking public space/barring imagination Collaboration with oppressive regimes Hypocritical Health Campaign induced by Self-Interest Excessive Pay Management 1. Promoting consumerism Unilever spends a lot of energy and money on marketing and commercialisation of consumer products all over the world (‘Paint the World Yellow’ – the Lipton marketing campaign which provide everything with the Lipton Logo, from surfboards to Chevrolets—was a tremendous success, according to Unilever. It created a much bigger Lipton Logo awareness amongst consumers.) Since the Northern consumer market is saturated (so not much room left for expansion of market shares) Unilever aims at maximising the processing of food, which means adding value to ‘improve’ products and then charge more for these products. Unilever changes the product only slightly (e.g. strawberry toothpaste), or just changes the visual language in order to sell exactly the same product. Naturally this process involves heavy advertising. Many of the ‘improved’ products are basically useless, and there is no demand for them (the demand is being manufactured by the...
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...materials are in short supply. It can, also, give a basis for reciprocal trade. Countertrade can take many forms. These are: • Barter- is the direct exchange of one good for another. It requires a double coincidence of wants. Barter trade can take a number of formats. Simple barter is the least complex and oldest form of bilateral, non – monetarised trade. Often it is called "straight", "classical" or "pure" barter. • A clearinghouse arrangement- is a form of barter in which the traders agree to buy a certain amount of goods from each other. They set up accounts with each other that are debited and credited as needed. At the maturity of the arrangement, the parties settle up in cash or merchandise. • Switch trading - Practice in which one company sells to another its obligation to make a purchase in a given country. Switch trade is the purchase by a third party of one country’s clearing agreement balance for hard currency. • A buy-back transaction involves a technology transfer via the sale of a manufacturing plant. The seller of the plant...
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...The New England Extended expanse embraces the northern tier and the Pocono Mountains. This territory is historically difficult to access, enjoys relatively few built-up localities, and experiences economic challenges. Its culture originated in upstate New York with settlers formerly from New England. Embedded within northeastern Pennsylvania is a small culture area known as the Anthracite Region. As the exploitation of hard coal became profitable in the late nineteenth century, this zone attracted a highly diversified population drawn principally from Central and Eastern Europe. In every respect, this region reflects the culture of these immigrants, which differed sharply from other residents of the Commonwealth. At the start of the 20th century, these cultures significantly influenced the lives of many Pennsylvanians. Late in 1914, most of the country, was experiencing a period of social activism and political reform. Researchers later gave the movement the title, ?Progressive Era.? Advocates rallied around the idea of eliminating corruption in government, which contemporaries perceived to be widespread.[endnoteRef:24] [24: Progressive Era, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Era, accessed September...
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...Running Head: Halliburton - Analysis Halliburton – Analysis Alicia R. Moore Cardinal Stritch University A Capstone Research Product submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Management February 19, 2012 Abstract Halliburton is a multi-million dollar organization, operating in nearly 80 countries worldwide. The roots of Halliburton trace back to the 1900s, with countless mergers and company acquisitions dotting its history. Halliburton is one of world’s leading oilfield services providers. The organization has a strong financial history that continues despite scandals, regulatory requirements and growing litigation. Halliburton continues to lead its market in innovative practices, diversified revenue streams and the breadth of its global footprint within the oilfield services industry. Table of Contents Page Abstract……………………………………………………………………................ 2 Table of Contents……………………………………………………………………. 3 History of Halliburton ……………………. ……………………………………….. 4-5 Corporate Governance………………………………………………………………. 5-7 Holistic Intrapreneurship …………………………………………………………… 7-9 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………….. 10 References…………………………………………………………………………....11 History of Halliburton Halliburton is one of the world's leading oilfield services providers with revenues over $18 billion in 2010. Halliburton was incorporated in 1924 in Delaware. Halliburton has approximately 70,000 employees worldwide, and is in the business...
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...that area. A given economy is the result of a process that involves its technological evolution, history and social organization, as well as its geography, natural resource endowment, and ecology, as main factors. These factors give context, content, and set the conditions and parameters in which an economy functions. A market based economy may be described as a spatially limited social network where goods and services are freely produced and exchanged according to demand and supply between participants (economic agents) by barter or a medium of exchange with a credit or debit value accepted within the network. Capital and labor can move freely across places, industries and firms in search of higher profits, dividends, interest, compensations and benefits. Rent on land allocates this generally fixed resource among competing users. Contemporary Capitalism is a market economy in which most of the production capacity is owned and directed by the private sector. Government role is limited to provide for defense and internal security; administer justice and prisons; make laws and regulations; enforce contracts, laws and regulations; correct market imperfections and failures; ensure full employment without inflation; promote balance economic growth and development; provide for the poor, children, and elderly; protect and assist in emergencies and natural disasters; provide basic opportunities to all members of society; prevent future calamities and disasters; and, pursue national...
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...Country or countries where the business operates c. Stock exchanges (identifiers and listings) d. Descriptions of products and services e. SWOT analysis II. COMPETITION, SOCIAL and ECONOMIC FACTORS a. Competition b. Demographics c. Organizational Structure d. Entrance and Exit Strategies e. Government Structures and Economic indicators III. Marketing, Operations, and Human Resources a. Marketing Strategies b. Pricing Strategies c. Global operations, and supply chain d. Compensation and appraisal system e. Employe\\e culture, employee relations, and practices IV. Conclusion a. Thoughts about the project b. How it effects professionals careers c. Thoughts of working individually than in a team. The story of this famous beer dates before any of us where even thought about. This here is a story of raw entreprenuership destined for a family to create. It starts with Adolpus Busch, who as a boy spent his childhood developing skills of winery and brewing since he is the son of a brewer. In 1857, Adolphus cam to the states bringing along his newly developed talents that would began a change in a way that Americans see beer. Aldophus began to work for his father-in-law brewing company...
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...Unit 1 The Business Environment The Business Environment Aryaneil Frances G. Fernandez 801-1321-012 Lg Electronics Inc. is a South Korean multinational electronics company headquartered in Yeouido-dong, Seoul, and a member of the LG Group, employing 83,000 people working in 119 local subsidiaries worldwide. With 2013 global sales of USD 53.1 billion (KRW 58.14 trillion), the company operates its business through five divisions: Home Entertainment, Mobile Communication, Home Appliance, Air Conditioning and Energy Solution, and Vehicle Components, CEO of LG Electronics is Bon-joon Koo, who assumed the role of Vice Chairman of LG Electronics on 1 October 2010. In 2011, LG Electronics was the world’s second largest television manufacturer. Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank was established on 20 May 1997 as a Public Joint Stock Company through the Amiri Decree No.9 of 1997. The Bank commenced commercial operations on 11 November 1998, and was formally inaugurated by Abdullah Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, UAE Minister of Information and Culture on 18 April 1999. All contracts, operations and transactions are carried out in accordance with Islamic Shari’a principles. ADIB commenced its operations with a paid-up capital of One Billion Dirhams divided into hundred million shares, the value of each share being ten dirhams. The shares are quoted on the Abu Dhabi Securities Market. The founders of Abu Dhabi Islamic Banks hold 29% of its equity while the remaining 71% is held by approximately...
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...culture? The answer is motivation! All managers must discover what motivates their employees. Managers also must consider what pushes employees to maintain higher productivity, have increased job satisfaction, meet organizational goals, and strive to be competitive in the job market today. When a leader can understand what motivates his or her employees, then employees will invest in the improvement of the company (Adler & Gunderson, 2008, p. 184). As the business world becomes more global each and every day, managers must also begin to think more globally. This includes investigating which motivational practices work the best for different cultures. This paper will first describe in depth several highly-used motivational theories and explain why they are so important. It will then discuss the cultures of four different regions of the world, including North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. It will explain how to use those...
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...No. 2060 August 7, 2007 The Estonian Economic Miracle The Honorable Mart Laar Estonia is a small country in Northern Europe on the Baltic Sea, at the crossroads of East and West, South and North. Samuel Huntington states that the Estonian border is a border of Western civilization, a border where civilizations clash.1 This has made Estonia interesting to historians but hard for people who live there. Throughout history, Estonians have had to fight for their freedom. In 1918, Estonia declared independence. It was occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940 during the Second World War. We fought the communist terror during the war but were defeated. As a result of the occupation, Estonia lost nearly 20 percent of its population. But we never gave up. When the 1980s offered us a new chance, we took advantage of it. Estonia became one of the first countries to pry open the cracks in the Soviet Empire. Finally, in 1991, after 50 years of occupation, Estonia became free again. We had freedom but little else. Estonia was destroyed during the period of communist rule. In 1939, Estonia’s living standards and way of life were more or less the same as neighboring Finland’s. Then Estonia lost its independence, but Finland, despite losing territory and population, succeeded in keeping its independence. Life under two different political systems created a huge disparity in the development of Finland and Estonia. People learned and worked hard on both sides of the Finnish Bay, but only the Finns...
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...REFERENCES: 18 ‘’You are well aware that the values on which the EU is built-freedom,democracy,respect for human rights and fundamental freedom,and the rule of law-lie precisely at the heart o the political association and economic integration process which the Eastern Partership offers and which we are pursuing with Moldova.(…) We want to create a new reality where all the citizens of Moldova, without exclusion, can enjoy all the benefits of a modern and effective political and economic system, respectful of their fundamental right’’. President Barroso. 1.HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL ACCOUNT OF EU-MOLDOVA RELATIONS 1.1.Political situation in Moldova. 1.The independence of the Republic of Moldova, which was declared in 1991, raised a great number of crucial questions for the future of the new country- problems that had to be solved without delay. One of them was them was the orientation of its foreign policy and external allies. Moldova is literally situated on the border between East and West the countries that have chosen a ‘Euro-Asian’ way (Ukraine, Russia and Belarus) and the countries of Eastern Europe that, after the revolutions of the late 1980s, made a decisive choise in favour of the aligment to European standards. After declaring independence in 1991, the Republic o Moldova actively aspired to membership in different international organizations. In 1992, it was...
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...NE 2012 DANO LITY ABI TAIN SUS RT EPO R ance Perform and Strategy IC RATEG TS ST LIGH HIGH For All, Health, Nature People, E RmAnC fo GRI pERoRS T IndICA SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2012 STRATEgY 4 EDITORIAL FRANCK RIBOUD 6 KEY SOCIAL TOPICS NUTRITION AND HEALTH ISSUES SOCIAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 7 10 12 14 STRATEgY 2012 HIgHLIgHTS HEALTH FOR ALL PEOPLE NATURE 15 22 28 34 40 MEASURINg PROgRESS AND PERFORMANCE THROUgHOUT THE VALUE CHAIN DANONE WAY RESPECT DANONE’S EVALUATION BY NON-FINANCIAL RATING AGENCIES 41 46 56 HISTORICAL APPROACH AND HIgHLIgHTS REFERENCE DOCUMENTS HIGHLIGHTS AND KEY DATES 1972-2012 57 58 50 2 Danone Sustainability Report 2012 PERFORMANCE 62 gRI INDEx Self-evaluation of the application of GRI according to version 3.0 guidelines for the GRI with approval by KPMG Audit. 72 IMPACTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES IN BUSINESS, FROM END TO END 74 COMPANY PROFILE AND REPORT PARAMETERS COMPANY PROFILE REPORT PARAMETERS VALIDATION OF THE REPORT BY AN EXTERNAL THIRD PARTY 75 76 83 86 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS GOVERNANCE, COMMITMENTS AND DIALOGUE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL HUMAN RIGHTS SOCIETY PRODUCT RESPONSIBILITY 86 94 102 134 152 158 166 176 CONTACTS Danone Sustainability Report 2012 3 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2012 EDITORIAL FRANCK RIBOUD he year 2012 confirmed in spectacular manner the profound shift in the global economy that is gathering pace. On the one hand, new economic powers...
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...Managing Human Resources, 14e, Bohlander/Snell - © 2007 Thomson South-Western © STONE/GETTY IMAGES chapter 15 International Human Resources Management After studying this chapter, you should be able to objective Identify the types of organizational forms used for competing internationally. objective 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Identify the unique training needs for international assignees and their employees. objective Explain the economic, politicallegal, and cultural factors in different countries that HR managers need to consider. objective Identify the characteristics of a good international compensation plan. objective Explain how domestic and international HRM differ. objective Reconcile the difficulties of home- and host-country performance appraisals. objective Discuss the staffing process for individuals working internationally. objective Explain how labor relations differ around the world. PART 6 Expanding Human Resources Management Horizons 639 Managing Human Resources, 14e, Bohlander/Snell - © 2007 Thomson South-Western 640 PART 6 Expanding Human Resources Management Horizons W hen you pick up a newspaper or turn on the TV, you’ll notice that stories are constantly being told about companies competing globally. These stories might include mergers of U.S. and international companies, such as Daimler-Benz and Chrysler a few years ago. Or they might highlight companies expanding into other...
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...Hungary From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the European country. For other uses, see Hungary (disambiguation). Hungary Magyarország | | | Flag | Coat of arms | | Anthem: Himnusz Hymn | Location of Hungary (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) – in the European Union (green) — [Legend] | Capital and largest city | Budapest 47°26′N 19°15′E | Official languages | Hungarian | Ethnic groups (2001[1]) | * 92% Hungarians * 2% Roma * 6% others | Demonym | Hungarian | Government | Parliamentary republic | - | President | János Áder | - | Prime Minister | Viktor Orbán | - | Speaker of the National Assembly | László Kövér | Legislature | National Assembly | Foundation | - | Foundation | 895 | - | Christian kingdom | 1000 | - | Secession from Austria-Hungary | 1918 | - | Current republic | 23 October 1989 | Area | - | Total | 93,030 km2 (109th) 35,919 sq mi | - | Water (%) | 0.74% | Population | - | June 2012 estimate | 9,942,000[2] (84th) | - | Oct 2011 census | 9,982,000[3] | - | Density | 107.2/km2 (94th) 279.0/sq mi | GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | - | Total | $195.640 billion[4] | - | Per capita | $19,891[4] | GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | - | Total | $140.303 billion[4] | - | Per capita | $13,045[4] | Gini (2008) | 24.96 (low / 3rd) | HDI (2011) | 0.816[5] (very high / 38th) | Currency...
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