...best Spanish class of warfare, and in fact held their lines through the first attack of the Mapuche's... Half the Spanish men were dead, the auxiliary Indian's numbers dwindled. Pedro de Valdivia, who was an experienced warlord knew their situation was desperate.” (“The Arauco War”. Spanish Wars.) The real reason the Mapuche people and their military was seen as weak because they are an indigenous tribe, and had little technology. Which is very ironic in my opinion, because at the end they were the one’s to beat the Spanish. “Pedro de Valdivia...he wanted to conquer land, conquer the natives and get their gold... The Mapuche's... Were prepared the next time, when [the] conquistador came to Chile in 1541..[and] attacked the recently founded city of Santiago.” (“The Arauco War”. Spanish Wars.) As any conquistador, their main mission was to take land for a reason, and similarly to Francisco Pizarro and the Incan empire, they all want to gain extra wealth to bring back to their homeland. Same was for Pedro de Valdivia, who heard that in the lands of the Mapuche people lies...
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...Lesson One: Age of Exploration Main Idea Write details here How does technology change the way people live? Europe Gets Ready to Explore Why did Europeans begin to explore the world? Search for Trade Routes Merchant Technology and Exploration Astrolabe The Rise of Strong Kingdoms How did new technology make is possible for Europeans to make long ocean voyages? Early Voyages of Discovery Which leaders were responsible for European exploration of the world? Portugal Leads the way (1-2 questions) Henry the Navigator Vasco de Gama The First Voyage of Columbus (1-2 questions) Christopher Columbus Taino Spanish Conquerors (1-2 questions) Conquistadors Voyage of Magellan (1-2 questions) circumnavigate...
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...The Age of Exploration A Resource to Accompany History Alive! The United States Through Industrialism Brings Learning Alive! Teachers’ Curriculum Institute 1 Introduction I n this reading, you will learn about the Age of Exploration. This period of discovery lasted from about 1418 to 1620. During this time, European explorers made many daring voyages that changed world history. A major reason for these voyages was the desire to find sea routes to east Asia, which Europeans called the Indies. When Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean, he was looking for such a route. Instead, he landed in the Americas. Columbus thought he had reached the Indies. In time, Europeans would realize that he had found what they called the ”New World.” European nations soon rushed to claim lands in the Americas for themselves. Early explorers often suffered terrible hardships. In 1520, Ferdinand Magellan set out with three ships to cross the Pacific Ocean from South America. He had guessed, correctly, that the Indies lay on the other side of the Pacific. But Magellan had no idea how vast the ocean really was. He thought his crew would be sailing for a few weeks at most. Instead, the crossing took three months. While the ships were still at sea, the crew ran out of food. One sailor wrote about this terrible time. “We ate biscuit… swarming with worms…. We drank yellow water that had been putrid [rotten] for days... and often we ate sawdust from boards.” Why did explorers...
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...SPICE Summaries Social During the maritime revolution, there were many conquerors and explorers that played a huge role in society. Zheng He was a Muslim eunuch who was sent out to voyage by the Ming emperor, Yongle. In the Atlantic Ocean the greatest mariners were the vikings. Arawak were Amerindians who settled in greater Antilles of the Caribbean. Henry the Navigator was the prince of Portugal who promoted navigation and led voyages across the African coast. Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco de Gama were Portuguese explorers who led expeditions through the oceans. Christopher Colombus was the leader of the Spanish mission that took place overseas. Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese navigator who led Spanish expeditions. Conquistadors were Spanish conquerors. Hernan Cortes was one of them and he led the Aztec Mexicans conquest for Spain. Moctezuma II was an Aztec emperor who was in custody of Cortes. Atahualpa was an...
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...Summary of Historical Trauma BSHS345 June 14, 2014 Chelie Safeels The Native Americans have faced extreme historical trauma for over five hundred years. This includes physical (death due to no immunity to European diseases), Emotional, Social and spiritual genocide. From 1492 when Christopher Columbus came to American, to the Spanish Conquistadors, The puritans and all those who came later to displace the Native Americans, including the trail of tears, and in the end to be locked into barren reservations. Another tragedy is the lose of most of the reservation through the court system, because oil, gas and other minerals are found on the Sovereign land. The Native American have been required through the years to adapt to the American way of life and to abandon their native culture to live in a “White Man’s World” The term trauma is Greek in origin, meaning to physically wound, disturb or pierce the corporeal boundaries (Garland, 1998;Leydesdorffet al., 1999). Sources generally define trauma according to an acute event or insult against a person’s body or culture’s psyche/traditions A lot of pain and suffering our family has going through. A lot of things that have happened to the Native American which were unjust, that were cruel, that were down right murderous, but as a culture they have survived, but most of the culture is lost to history. My Aunt Dorothy Yellowtail, whose husband Chief Robert Yellowtail was the last full Blooded of the Crow...
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...Kobie Lofton Mark Pachankis 2nd Period 12/1/15 Chapter Summaries Prologue Diamond wonders why Eurasia presided over other cultures. The question was answered with racial intelligence differences and environmental differences. He also talks about survival of the fittest. He says that intelligence is closely linked to human and cultural survival. All of these questions would be answered by the end of the book. Part One: - From Eden to Cajamarca Chapter 1. Up to the Starting Line Evolution is explained, relating us and our “ancestors” of many centuries ago. Primates such as gorillas are said to be our closest relatives. Africa presides as the homeland for all species. Neanderthals have always been viewed as mindless, mentally deranged creatures. Fifty years ago, The Great Leap Forward was like a big advancement in technology. Hominids also began to spread across New Guinea and Australia. The larger animals that failed to attain protection qualities against other predators during evolution died out and became extinct. Eurasia also occured. It became the more advanced between them and Africa, although Africa started out on top. Chapter 2. A Natural Experiment of History The Maori and Moriori descended from Polynesians,...
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...Essay 4 – History of Mexico Why were 300+ Spaniards able to conquer 40,000 Aztecs? Include geographical facts, Research Day of the Dead, What is it? Hernando Cortes was known as the Spanish Conqueror who defeated the Aztecs. He was born in 1485 to minor nobility in southwest Spain. He sailed to the new world in search of his fortune and joined a military expedition in 1518, lead by Diego de Velasquez that captured Cuba. Cortes soon became the mayor of Santiago and married Velazquez sister-in-law. Cortes was given permission by Spanish governor of Cuba, Diego Velasquez, to take a small group to Mexico on an exploration mission to investigate rumors of a wealthy civilization in central Mexico. Cortes was very ambitious and Velazquez was soon regretting his decision. In fact, he tried to rescind his order but it was too late. Cortes was already sailing to Mexico with a group of 11 ships. His first stop was at the Yucatan coastline before he proceeded to Tabasco. He had little trouble at Tabasco and was able to quite easily overcome the natives. It was here at Tabasco where he first learned about the great wealth of the Aztecs. Cortes went farther north and established Vera Cruz where he started planning his attack against the Aztecs. While he was Tabasco, he met his mistress La Malinche, who was fluent in Nahuatl, the Aztec language, and enlisted the help of the Tabasco natives. Since Cortes’ men had their doubts about conquering the Aztecs, and to prevent...
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...I. Introduction A. History of Iba, Zambales Founded by Recollect priests in 1611, the village of Paynawen moved from one place to another until it settled permanently along the banks of Bancal River, where a fort was built as a defense against pirates who constantly molested the region. In 1860, the administration of the town was turned over to the Dominican priests. There were no available records as to when Paynawen was renamed Iba, but old folks believed, the town was named after a sour fruit called “Iba.” How the town got this name became a legend, that has been told, retold and handed down from generation to generation. The story happened during the early days of Spanish colonization. It was told, that while most of the Spaniards were busy establishing the pueblo, one of their men sneaked out from the group and curiously wandered around the village of the natives. Along the way, he saw a group of people, who incidentally were eating a certain kind of soft fruit. This particular Spaniard, being stranger to the place, approached them and asked the name of the place, but because of language differences, the natives thought, he was asking the name of the fruit they were eating, immediately, they replied “Iba…Iba…Iba…” from then on, this small pueblo was named Iba. The early formation of Iba was attributed to the Zambals, an ethnic group who belonged to the Malay race. They originated from the Celebes. They pushed the dwarfish, kinky haired Negritoes or Aetas eastward...
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...hardly envision the magnitude of the Isthmus’ future. As more Spanish caravels arrived, the search for gold was intensified. A shortened route from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean was not found by Magellan, who conceived of going around Cape Horn or passing through the Straits that were to bear his name. When sea routes were found to be to long the Spaniards turned to overland crossings, and when Vasco Nunez de Balboa first crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513, he initiated a ceaseless march of traffic. Panamanians are still proud of the curious Balboa who discovered the Pacific, surveyed the Panama route across the Central America Isthmus and found that there existed a difference in the levels of the respective oceans. The Conquistador Herman Cortes was certain that no natural waterway existed between the Atlantic and the Pacific, and he expressed a desire to construct a sea passageway through Panama, Darien, Nicaragua, or Tehmantepec. The dreams of the foresighted Cortes went for naught as it was almost three centuries before serious consideration was again given to the construction of an interocean waterway (Liss). From the beginning of the sixteenth century until the beginning of the nineteenth century while Spain maintained control over its vast empire in the Western Hemisphere, no one was allowed to build a canal, or even a road wide enough for an ox-drawn cart to pass across the Isthmus of Panama. This did not stop people from talking or dreaming about...
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...University of Phoenix Material American Imperialism Part 1 Complete the chart by identifying the following: • Identify the countries or areas where the United States engaged in imperialistic actions during the period from about 1870 to 1914. • Discuss why each area was important to American empire building (political, economic, and social). • Explain America’s expansionist ideals. What were some of the factors that justified American imperialist actions? • Identify the current political status of these places in relation to the United States. Age of Imperialism: 1870 to 1914 Place Why was there interest? U.S. actions Status today Hawaii America regarded the Hawaiian Island as an extension of the Pacific Coast. The white sugar planters sought annexation, so that the Queer's polices and the tariff from the U.S. Would be changed. The actions taken were by a small minority of white sugar planters revolted in 1893 with American troops assistants. The first attempt for annexation was passed, Cleveland took office and then refused to sign the bill. Hawaii is the 50th state of the U.S. Documents were signed 1960, and a flag ordered. There is some questions regarding the truth behind Hawaii becoming a nation under the United States of America. Sugar is still the largest products the trade. Alaska The main interested of America “Manifest Destiny” they were expanding it's control across the continent. Alaska was a good souse of natural resources...
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...Table of contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Chapter two 3 2.1 Picture 3 2.2 Picture 3 2 Chapter two 3 3 Summary 3 4 Figures 3 References 3 The history of tequila * Tequila was first produced in the 16th century near the location of the city of Tequila, which was not officially established until 1666. The Aztec people had previously made a fermented beverage from the agave plant, which they called octli – later called pulque – long before the Spanish arrived in 1521. When the Spanish conquistadors ran out of their own brandy, they began to distill agave to produce one of North America's first indigenous distilled spirits. * Some 80 years later, around 1600, Don Pedro Sánchez de Tagle, the Marquis of Altamira, began mass-producing tequila at the first factory in the territory of modern-day Jalisco. By 1608, the colonial governor of Nueva Galicia had begun to tax his products. Spain's King Carlos IV granted the Cuervo family the first license to commercially make tequila. The style of tequila popular today was first mass-produced in the early 19th century in Guadalajara, Mexico. * Don Cenobio Sauza, founder of Sauza Tequila and Municipal President of the Village of Tequila from 1884–1885, was the first to export tequila to the United States, and shortened the name from "Tequila Extract" to just "Tequila" for the American markets. Don Cenobio's grandson Don Francisco Javier gained international attention for insisting that "there cannot be tequila where there...
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...REVISITING THE CITY OF MANILA AS TOURIST DESTINATION INPUT FOR PROMOTIONAL PLAN A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College Of Hospitality Management Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute Of Science and Technology In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Subject TRM 112 Leading to the Degree Of Bachelor of Science in Tourism by: BONGCO, SHAINA JOY M. TARUC, CATHLYN F. LACAP, KIM LYN G. NIÑO, REINA JEAN B. 2015 Statement of the Problem Specifically, it seeks to answer the following problems: 1. What are the attributes for revisiting the City of Manila as tourist attraction? 2. Is there significant difference in the assessment of the tourism authority and the residents as to the attributes for revisiting the City of Manila? 3. What are the issues and concerns attributed to the City of Manila as tourist attraction? 4. What promotional plan may be formulated to sustain the City of Manila as tourist attraction? CHAPTER 1 The Problem and Its Background Introduction The Manila is teeming with history, and some Filipinos live with our past even as we move toward the future. Manila is blessed with historical places which determines our culture, religion, bravery and determination. One of the places that is teeming with the history of Manila is Intramuros. Conceptual Framework This research was framed on the initial aspects to consider in the enlightenment of the study. Input consist of the researcher’s personal observation...
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...Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction This research project serves as culmination to the problem involving the restoration of the Basilica. It seeks to summarize, explain and synthesize several highlights of the topic in dialogue with the assigned texts and other readings; it will force additional research and reflections as an instrument for clarifying, defining and augmenting the author’s understanding of the major issues addressed by the proposal. The scope of the study embraces a solution that will lead the restoration of the Basilica to realities and treat the problems involving its reestablishment. Being a national heritage and considered to be one of the first Roman Catholic churches in the Philippines, it is our objective to restore a historical edifice and preserve its cultural legacy and customs. On October 15, 2013, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake shook Bohol at approximately 8:00 in the morning. It caused millions of worth of casualties, hundreds of families devastated, destroyed numerous properties and damaged many historical landmarks and churches, including the Basilica de Sto. Nino. The earthquake crushed most of the belfry and façade; walls and frescoes are cracked, leaving the church in verge of total wreckage. To prevent an entire loss, propositions involving the repair and rebuilding of the damaged areas are to be provided as well as redesigning of the structure’s stability will furnish its constancy to be able to withstand future disastrous...
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...Extended Essay In World Religions [pic] “An Investigation into the Sacrificial Blood Rituals of the Maya Culture.” Abstract This essay focuses on the religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Mayan civilization that spanned from the borders of present day Honduras up to Mexico, but which only a certain amount is truly known. The principal reason why I chose to focus on these people was to challenge myself to try and gain a greater understanding of why they engaged in such strange rituals as bloodletting and even human sacrifice? What prompted them to commit such acts? I proposed that the performance of these actions, as they seemed to be so entwined with their culture, must have had something to do with their religious beliefs but which ones exactly, and how did they originate? It was with this in mind that I conducted an investigation into the sacrificial blood rituals of Maya culture. Thus, from conducting library based research - using books, Encyclopedias and the Internet - I found out that the Mayans had created for themselves a complex Creation Myth and pantheon of gods. It was to supposedly sustain these gods, who were constantly fighting against one another, that the Mayan conducted bloodletting and human sacrifices, believing that in return the gods would provide them the water needed to grow their maize. The gods, replenished by this blood, were able to maintain the harmony of the universe by preventing any one group of...
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...CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND INTRODUCTION Marriage is one of the deepest and most complex involvements of human relationships. It is a corner stone of society and a very necessary part of the social system. It is a crucial and sacred bond between two personalities merging into one for ideas, attitudes, habits and likes and dislikes. In Philippines marriage is considered a lifelong partnership. It is the foundation stone on which the family is built. Basically marriage is a social and legal contract. People marry great number of reasons- personal or social. Usually they have a certain preconceived notions about the kind of person they would like to marry. The large percentage of separation each year, non-marital pregnancies and premarital cohabitation have all dramatically changed the traditional family structure (Amato et.al, 2003). Millions of children are no longer being raised in nuclear families. The institution of marriage, the backbone of society, appears to be under threat. Marriage has, despite demographic and political shifts, significant value for the individual, families and the society (Nock, 2005). When looking at marriage as an institution, as opposed to a free-standing concept, marriage represents socially sanctioned behavior. Marriage embraces traditionally virtuous, legal and predictable assumptions concerning what is moral and what is proper (Nock, 2005). Through marriage an individual is transformed; they are perceived and treated differently...
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