...deserves the time of day to be investigated. I do believe that Galileo should be convicted of some form of heresy, but if he changes pace to promoting his ideas as solely hypothesis and in Latin, then I strongly stress that he should only be convicted of the lowest form of heresy. The foundation for this assertion is within the decrees of the Council of Trent and how they clarify that ideas are not heretical when posed as hypotheses like Copernicus’. Therefore, Galileo should be allowed freedom of inquisition for as long as he poses his findings as hypotheses. Lastly,...
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...With Eyes, I Worship: The Council of Trent’s Influence on Italian Baroque Everyone learns differently, just as everyone worships differently. Throughout time people have practiced their religion by reading the words of the scripture or by attending a service and hearing a sermon from a pastor. In history though, there was a prominent third way to worship your deity. One’s eyes unlocked the powerful message of their faith, through viewing artwork and exploring architecture. In 1945, in part of the Counter-Reformation, also known as the Catholic-Reformation, a council was beginning to convene. This council, the Council of Trent, was formed to renew the Catholic religion. Facing the Protestant-Reformation, the Catholics knew that they had to...
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...What was going on in the church before the reformation era took place: Many things were happening behind peoples back one being abuses of indulgence. Some priest and bishops were giving indulgences to people for a price of money. Some brothers and sister claimed that they were authorised by the pope to forgive all sins. They took the money from people who believed in them and respected them, they promised them they would go the heaven and have happiness in their lives. An indulgence is the extra-sacramental remission of the temporal punishment due, in God's justice, to sin that has been forgiven, which remission is granted by the Church in the exercise of the power of the keys, through the application of the superabundant merits of Christ and of the saints, and for some just and reasonable motive. The practice ended up becoming a concoction of evil and corruption; it was almost like they were buying their way into heaven. The years leading up to the reformation were indulgences very popular Martin Luther’s ideas of the church and what he taught: When martin Luther found out that pope Leo x and the archbishop of Mainz were selling indulgences for the construction of St Peters basilica in Rome he objected. He was against fooling people that they could buy their way out of sins without any faith what so ever. These people would believe that they were going to Heaven when in fact they would go to Hell. How could they be repentant when self-loathing and self-disgust was needed...
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...Catholic Church at the Council of Trent that were put in place in response to the Protestant challenge. What changes did the Church refuse to make? Why? The Council of Trent was called as a response to the 'heresy' of Martin Luther, John Calvin and other Protestant reformers. It would also address the current problems within the Catholic church: corruption, despicable behavior, unreasonable financial demands, poor spiritual behavior, and the lack of concern for their parishioners. The council was to try and sway protestant reformers back to pure catholicism and the Holy Roman Catholic Church (HRCC). The pope of that time, Pope Paul III did not want change to his lifestyle, but wanted the protestant reformers dealt with. He did not attend the council meetings himself, but had representation there to voice his opinions and maintain his influence. He wanted to make sure the council would not become his superior, nor question his supreme authority. The Council would meet several times over a period of eighteen years, with three main sessions. Participants would change over the course of these meeting as well. Protestants were allowed to attend the second main session, but their demands were not addressed. The hope that the council would reunite Catholics and Protestants(reformers) was destroyed, the divide would only become deeper and everlasting. A major objection and high on the agenda to address was the practice of selling indulgences. The council would try to put an...
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...Europe contains a vast amount of history amongst its landscape and structures. Countless wars have been fought. Revolutions have been made. However, within Europe’s history there are several religious reformations that shaped a majority of modern Europe. These reformations include the Protestant Reformation, the English Reformation, and the Catholic Reformation. The events that lead to these reformations during the 16th century are quite lengthy. During the 14th century, salvation outside of the church was not possible. Thus, religion played a prominent role in the daily lives of people. However, many issues began to rise amongst all things religion. In 1309, internal conflict within the Catholic Church caused for its capital to be moved from Rome to Avignon. This shift of power started a war between France and England that lasted for nearly a century. To add to the turmoil, in 1347 the Black Death took the lives of more than 25 million Europeans within four years. Due to the plague, the church saw that a second pope was needed and established one in Rome. Then again in 1409, a third pope was elected. As three popes were battling for power, ordinary Christians became confused on who to believe. By the time the church resolved its problems, simple teachings of Christ were abandoned, and people saw the need to reform (HistoryTubeTV). Also known as The Reformation, the Protestant Reformation’s main goal was to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church...
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...Executive Summary The following report will determine the strategic position of Rolls-Royce and the environmental impact of a new technology upon that strategic position. The report will analyse and evaluate the role and impact of short to medium range single aisle narrow body aircraft on the strategic position of Rolls-Royce. The report will focus on the civil aerospace business of Rolls-Royce and will use Rolls-Royce Inchinnan as a base model. The Boeing 737 series and Airbus A320 are the most popular aircraft ever produced with a 737 landing in the world every five seconds. The 737 in particular will reach the end of its service life within the next ten years. Southwest airlines are requesting an overdue replacement with most airframes living thirty years, the original 737 was released in 1967. The effect of the next generation 737, released in 1998, retiring will leave a considerable gap to be filled. Rolls-Royce does not power the Boeing 737which is monopolised by Pratt and Whitney and General Electric. Should Rolls-Royce attain a share of this market it will become the largest contract ever undertaken by Rolls-Royce. The new aircraft is currently under development and is expected to form the latest of aerospace technology such as composite structures, geared turbofans or open rotor designs. All of the large aerospace manufacturers are currently vying for involvement in the programme for should the new edition emanate the previous, the returns will be substantial...
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...Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY Europe experienced tremendous change in sentiment towards the Catholic Church during the 16th century. Many clergy seemed comfortable pushing the value of spirituality and humility on the masses, while they seemed to live the lives of nobility. This did not go unnoticed by the laity, who were growing weary of the corruption and hypocrisy. Disenchanted Catholics, jaded by the Church’s excesses and abuses of power began finding satisfaction in the Protestant movement which had spawned in 1517, and promised a return to the true values of spirituality. As the Catholic Church realized their membership was hemorrhaging, the leadership convened the Council of Trent in 1545 to address the corruption and abuses staining their reputation and driving their followers away. The Council of Trent was a major step taken in the Catholic Church’s attempt to “clean house”, and improve their damaged reputation. As a result, there were numerous reforms and actions undertaken by the Church to put an end to the apparent secularism which had begun to creep into and spread through their organization. This shift from spirituality, and acceptance thereof, could merely be a reflection of the changing culture as humanism and individualism had begun to pervade society. This growing secularist sentiment within the Church leadership, and the resultant departure from strict adherence to scripture, can be seen today in some of the art commissioned by Catholic Church leadership immediately...
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...Martyr and Aquintas, to name a few, have weighed in on the subject. Christian denominations, such as Catholicism and the Lutheran faith, have strong views on what happens with the celebration of the Eucharist. The Last Supper Jesus had with his disciples begun the process that we now know as the Eucharist, Holy Communion, and Holy Mass is one of the several sacraments. The Eucharist is the reenactment, so to speak, of the Last Supper, and is practiced in the Christian faith as an offering, or sacrifice. This happens differently depending on which faith one practices. The Catholic Church believes that once the bread and wine have been blessed, they cease to be bread and wine and actually become the body and blood of Christ. The Council of Trent, in the Middle Ages, gathered together theologians to put to rest the theory and description of transubstantiation. They ended up with eleven canons in regards to the Eucharist itself. Chapter four of their decree on transubstantiation is as follows, ”And because that Christ, our...
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...CHAPTER 24 TEST QUESTIONS MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Luther’s initial stimulus for formulating the Ninety-Five Theses was a. his excommunication from the Roman Catholic church. b. the sale of indulgences. c. his time spent in England during the English Reformation. d. the turmoil caused by having two popes during the Great Schism. e. the influence of John Calvin. 2. The author of the Ninety-Five Theses was a. John Calvin. b. Erasmus. c. Voltaire. d. Martin Luther. e. Henry VIII. 3. The Catholic church dramatically pushed the sale of indulgences in the sixteenth century because of the a. need to match the resurgence of the Byzantine empire. b. threat posed by Islam. c. need for Henry VIII to pay off the national debt. d. expense associated with translating original Greek classics. e. need to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter’s basilica. 4. Which one of the following was not one of Luther’s problems with the Roman Catholic church? a. the selling of indulgences b. pluralism c. absenteeism d. the immense wealth of the Catholic church e. the church’s decision to translate the Bible into vernacular languages 5. Who said, “I cannot and will not recant anything, for it is neither safe nor right to act against one’s conscience. Here I stand. I can do no other.”? a. Martin Luther b. Jesus c. John Calvin d. Sima Qian e. Henry VIII 6. In the centuries following the fall of Rome, the only unifying...
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...Historical Terms and Concepts to Know *Who, what, where, why, when, how, so what? Martin Luther Henry VIII Council of Trent Thirty Years’ War Protestant Siege of Vienna Glorious Revolution Peter I St. Petersburg Ninety-Five Theses missionary Society of Jesus Treaty of Westphalia Charles V Spanish Inquisition Louis XIV Versailles Catherine II balance of power Adam Smith VOC Ptolemaic universe Newton John Locke capitalism joint-stock companies putting-out system Copernican universe deism Discussion Questions Examine the centralizing efforts in countries like France, Spain, and England. How and in what ways were they successful? Why was the Holy Roman Empire not as successful as other European states in centralizing power? Examine the idea behind the balance of power. How did this concept play itself out in Europe? How was this balance of power different from the political patterns in the rest of the world? Examine the career of Martin Luther. What were the foundations of his Reformation? What legacy did he leave Europe? Why did earlier reformers not have the same impact? Examine the rise of capitalist thought and...
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...REVELATION Dei Verbum Solemnly Promulgated by His Holiness, Pope Paul VI on November 18, 1965 The full text is available at http://www.cin.org/v2revel.html Numbers in square brackets [x] are footnotes which are found at the end of the document. PREFACE 1. Hearing the word of God with reverence and proclaiming it with faith, the sacred synod takes its direction from these words of St. John: "We announce to you the eternal life which dwelt with the Father and was made visible to us. What we have seen and heard we announce to you, so that you may have fellowship with us and our common fellowship be with the Father and His Son Jesus Christ" (1 John 1:2-3). Therefore, following in the footsteps of the Council of Trent and of the First Vatican Council, this present council wishes to set forth authentic doctrine on divine revelation and how it is handed on, so that by hearing the message of salvation the whole world may believe, by believing it may hope, and by hoping it may love. CHAPTER I REVELATION ITSELF 2. In His goodness and wisdom God chose to reveal Himself and to make known to us the hidden purpose of His will (see Eph. 1:9) by which through Christ, the Word made flesh, man might in the Holy Spirit have access to the Father and come to share in the divine nature (see Eph. 2:1S; 2 Peter 1:4). Through this revelation, therefore, the invisible God (see Col. 1:15; 1 Tim. 1:17) out of the abundance of His love speaks to men as friends (see Ex. 33:11; John 15:14-15)...
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...Governance In Healthcare Gap analysis between governance in Egypt and in UK Reham Mokhtar Rashwan MBChB, MScs ,CPHQ, LGBSS What is clinical governance? • “A framework through which NHS organisations are accountable for continually improving the QUALITY of their services and safeguarding high standards of care by creating an environment in which excellence in clinical care will flourish.” Corporate Governance Vs Clinical Governance: • It addresses those structures, systems and processes that assure the quality, accountability and proper management of an organisation's operation and delivery of service • It applies only to health and social care organisations, and only those aspects of such organisations that relate to the delivery of care to patients and their carers; Corporate Gov. • Term emerged to refer jointly to the corporate governance and clinical governance duties of healthcare organisations. Clinical Gov. Intergrated Gov. How it started? • Clinical governance became important in health care after the Bristol heart scandal in 1995, found the high mortality rate for pediatric cardiac surgery at the Bristol Royal Infirmary More and More suffering for lack of Governance!!! “Medical error is the third most UK: blunders Britain frequent cause of death in by after cancer 40,000 doctors killand heart a disease…….kills four times more yearall other types people than die from of accidents.” Sunday Times, 19 Dec 1999 WAY OUT !!! SO; ...
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...Week 7 Assignment: Christianity, History and Practice your name here HUM/130 2/12/02 Terry Barnes Sources: www.biography.com/people/jesus-christ-9354382 www.theopedia.com/Church_history our textbook Jesus Christ has many great stories behind him. These stories are called miracles, depending on who you ask. Yet, one thing cannot be denied, and that is that Jesus Christ did exist and his influence is still felt by the Catholic faith. Jesus Christ was born in approximately 6 AD in Bethlehem, from his parents Mary and Joseph. Yet, according to the faith, his actual father is God. Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, as Mary was a virgin. Joseph, his legal father, was a carpenter who made furniture with his hands. Jesus would also become a carpenter later on in his life. Some of these points are argued between religions, yet I am not going to touch on it in this paper. His childhood is shrouded in mystery, as there are little to no records of his life during his childhood and early teenage years. Many argued that he did not initially except his role or fate as God’s only son and lived a life like any other would at the time. You can even look in the Bible for such a hypothesis, as the stories of his life suddenly jump from age 16 to age 30. Where are the missing texts that chronicle his life during these missing fourteen years? This is what many claim that he rejected his “destiny” or found it all too big to cope with. Later...
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...QUESTION 1 a) Having the license for APRA (Australian Prudential Regulation Authority), Victoria bank is an authorised deposit taking institution (ADI). Been a part of APRA, which is needed to operate as a bank legally in Australia, it gives Victoria Bank the licence to undertake ‘business of banking’ which is defined in the Banking Act 1959. This shows that Victoria bank has fulfilled the ADI application requirements including sufficient start-up capital, ownership, sufficient risk management and internal control system, information and accounting system, and fulfilment developments. Addition to APRA, according to corporation act 2001, Victoria Bank also needs to have an AFSL, Australian Financial Service License off ASIC. This license will give the bank the authority to provide different financial services, “provide financial product advice to clients”, “deal in a financial product”, “make a market for a financial product”, “operate a registered scheme”, “provide a custodial or depository service”, and to “provide traditional trustee company services.”. Having fulfilled APRA & AFSL, Victoria bank has accepted the laws controlled by a number of guiding bodies. On top of APRA and AFSL there is the Australian Consumer and competition commission (ACCC), and the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA). APRA will keep a close eye on the operations that Victoria Bank exercises, to make sure they keep financial promises to their customers and continue been financially established...
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...Known for his intellect and lack of emotion when approaching faith, he’s responsible for basic Protestant theology. CATHERINE OF ARAGON -daughter of KIng Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella, Spanish Monarchs -Queen of England from 1509-1533 -King Henry VIII’s first wife -Mother of Mary Tudor, queen in 1553 -was unable to produce a male heir England 1485– 1536 Catherine’s refusal to have an annulment of her marriage with Henry VII led to the creation of Anglicanism, the Church of England. CATHOLIC/COUNTER REFORMATION -Pope Paul III was first pope of Counter Reformation -Pope Julius III -response to Protestant Reformation and growing criticism of corruption in Catholic Church -1545 Council of Trent -reforms included renewed focus on Scripture, restrictions on power of Clergy (to avoid further corruption), new program for training priests, and new standards for Clergy...
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