...leading to a long-term impact on both Powhatan society and the Jamestown colony. The impact of English colonization on the Powhatan tribes was profound and far-reaching. The arrival of the English colonists brought significant changes to the Powhatan way of life, including shifts in trade, land use, and power dynamics. The influx of settlers led to increased pressure on Powhatan territories, often resulting in conflicts and the loss of traditional lands. Furthermore, the spread of diseases, such as smallpox and other illnesses, had devastating effects on the Powhatan population, leading to significant population declines and social disruption. Culturally, the Powhatan tribes experienced the erosion of their traditions and practices as they interacted with the English colonists, leading to a profound transformation of their way of life. The imposition of English governance and the introduction of new economic and social systems further altered the Powhatan tribes' traditional structures and societal dynamics. The long-term consequences of English colonization included displacement, loss of autonomy, and the disruption of traditional lifestyles for the Powhatan tribes. These effects of colonization have had lasting impacts on the Powhatan people and their cultural heritage. The relationship between the Wampanoag tribe and the English colonists included initial interactions and alliances. Initially, the Wampanoag tribe, led by figures such as Massasoit, engaged in diplomacy and formed...
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...Futility of International Environmental Governance The increased frequency of irregular climatic events, among which are violent hurricanes, whirling tornados and record-breaking temperatures has resulted in an amplified concern in the changing climate. “Certainly, this is no coincidence; extreme circumstances often serve to galvanize public attention.” These rising trends of environmental awareness have superseded individual societies. Resultantly, there have been countless efforts of working towards pragmatic solutions to environmental concerns by means of global governance as an international collective. “The distinct characteristics of global governance lies in the assumption that the effective handling of problems is no longer the exclusive responsibility of government but of joint activities by governments, international and supranational institutions.” This understanding of global interconnectedness has incited the creation of numerous organizations, institutions and international environmental initiatives, specifically the Kyoto Protocol. However, environmental impediments have not seen notable improvements and can be attributed to the flaws of global environmental governance. Firstly, contributing to the failure of environmental policies is the ineffective structure of the Kyoto Protocol. Furthermore, with the rise of globalization, neoliberal ideals have prioritized market successes at the detriment of the environment and international environmental initiatives....
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...To describe corporate governance as a subject of topical interest would be masterly understatement. What had already become a hot topic in Australia during 2001 has since burst out across the world, involving the direct intervention of the President of the United States. I’d say that Monash University has got its timing pretty right. The interesting question is whether this initiative would have received any interest or support in Australia two years ago. There is little doubt that by the end of the 1990s the business community was becoming wearied by the concept of corporate governance, seeing it as somewhat irrelevant, even passé: a response to the no longer relevant excesses of the 1980s. Many years of sustained economic growth, and Australia’s remarkable survival of the financial crisis in Asia, had led to a period of complacency about corporate governance - over time it became institutionalised and compliance focused, more driven by process and legal liability management for corporate officers than by notions of shareholder protection and wealth creation. In retrospect this self-confidence looks particularly short-sighted. At the very time when most of Asia, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, was focussed on the importance of corporate governance and institution building, the more developed economies (including Australia) assumed that their existing standards were adequate. We were, I think, partly lulled by the knowledge that some of the key economic ...
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...Cancer on Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium T. Jayd HCS/531 February 21,2011 Joe Rudd Impact of Uninsured Population Project, Part 3: Impact of Alaska Natives with Colon Cancer on Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium Colon cancer has been identified as one of the leading causes of death among the Alaska Natives. In response to this discovery and in an effort to improve the health of the Alaska Native population, the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium (ANTHC) has developed several health support services to increase awareness, provide preventative services, and offer a variety of treatment options. Because of the large percentage of uninsured and underinsured among this population, ANTHC faces the financial impacts that the decline of health in the Alaska Native people has on the organization. Frugal management of the allocated finds and resources will enable ANTHC to stimulate economically profitable areas of the organization and create internal supplementation to the financial concerns. Providing accessible preventative programs and health education in the remote villages throughout Alaska will enable ANTHC to more effectively observe the health trends and effectively manage and provide health care services for the Alaska Natives. Demographics and Needs of Alaska Natives with Colon Cancer The Alaska Native population is a largely uninsured and underinsured population, living in the remote villages throughout Alaska. They are at risk for a wide variety of health-related...
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...in this paper, rather than compare the pros and cons of the two and argue for which one is superior, I would like to discuss if these approaches oppose each other or if in fact they compliment each other as an approach to globalization. As well, I will discuss the issue of social responsibility of multinational corporations in a globalized environment. Cosmopolitanism In order to evaluate the relationship of cosmopolitanism and neoliberalism as approaches to globalization, it is important to first have a clear understanding of the basic tenants and goals of both of these ideologies. At the heart of cosmopolitanism is the idea that, “Many matters that require governance have moved from a national to an international form, requiring governance and democracy to be organized at this level. In particular, such governance should be…democratically and through the input of interests and actors worldwide”, or put even simpler, “The aim is to...
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...and integration of the world economy through trade and investment, have increased the role and power of regional and global institutions. This promoted and strengthened the spread of democracy while also providing the leverage for good governance. Globalisation impacts on the mode of governance that a country operates either as a symbol of universality or for uniformity. This unstoppable trend has homogenised governance on a global scale while depicting authoritarianism as unproductive political modernity. The concepts- globalisation and (good) governance have dominated international discourse for sometime now. The conceptual ambivalence and ambiguity that hover around them, however, are owing to their multidimensional and multifarious perspectives. Definitions Good Governance Before defining good governance, it is pertinent to define governance in order to use it as a point of departure to fully understand good governance. According to WB governance is the “manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s social and economic resources for development”. According to ESCAP governance simply means “the process of decision making and the process by which decisions are implemented or not implemented”. Good governance has been closely linked to “the extent which a government is perceived and accepted as legitimate, committed to improving the public welfare and responsive to the needs of its citizens, competent to assure law and order and deliver public...
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...It is undeniable the short-term benefit that hiring contingent faculty brings to the American higher education. However, the price that both administrators, teachers and students have to pay for this is not small at all. Hence, from my point of view, it is not a wise choice to continue overusing non-tenure-track faculty in U.S colleges. From 1980 to 1996, with the sharp decline of subsidy from state government ( from 31% in 1980 to 23% in 1996), most instituitions are brain racking to effectively invest the money. At the same time, the student enrollments in universities surge 34% between 1976-1999 ( American association of undergraduate professors) which intrigues administrators to improve infrastructure. And it also means that the instructional budget decreases. Most instituitions shift to employ more non-tenure-track faculty because they demand low wage with minimal commitments and high level of turnover. In this situation, hiring contingent faculty is necessary to sustain the life of higher education. Nevertheless, using this temporary solution for such a long time, until now is not advisable because it is undermining the core value of American education in general, the quality of student learning and the benefit of contingent faculty themselves in particular. With the very low wages, the contingent faculty usually have to commute between colleges and seek for multiple courses to sustain a living. That explains why they do not have enough time to fully prepare before...
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...Armstrong World Industries Business Systems Plan Phase 5 Individual Project 2013 Information Technology Management Table of Contents Business System Planning (Week 1) Introduction 4 Identify how the following critical success factors will be addressed by case study 5 Governance 5 Business plan alignment 6 Process improvement 6 Resource optimization 6 Operating excellence 7 Identify how the following critical success factors will be addressed by case study 7 Business management issues 7 Strategic and competitive issues 7 Planning and implementation concerns 8 Operational items 8 Identify how the variables defined by Strassmann's Model will be measured 8 Efficiency 8 Effectiveness 8 Competitivness 8 Profitability 8 Strategic Information Systems Assessment (Week 2) Create an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for case study 9 Case study continued 9 SWOT analysis of case study 10 SWOT analysis continued 11 12 13 Create an assessment of the forces that are presently governing competition for case study 14 Using Wiseman’s Framework of Strategy Development define the strategic thrusts and advantages 15 Information Systems Business Case (Week 3) Critical success factors for IT Manager 16 Continued. 17 General stratgy for IT goals and objectives of the case study. 18 General strategy on how IT department will support the goals and objectives of the case study 19 Information Technology...
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...Introduction: The standard definition of foreign aid comes from the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which defines Foreign aid (or the equivalent term, foreign assistance) as financial flows, technical assistance, and commodities that are; (1) Designed to promote economic development and welfare as their main objective (thus excluding aid for military or other non-development purposes); and (2) Are provided as either grants or subsidized loans. Grants and subsidized loans are referred to as concessional financing, whereas loans that carry market or near-market terms (and therefore are not foreign aid) are non-concessional financing. According to the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), a loan counts as aid if it has a “grant element” of 25 percent or more, meaning that the present value of the loan must be at least 25 percent below the present value of a comparable loan at market interest rates (usually assumed by the DAC rather arbitrarily to be 10 percent with no grace period). Thus, the grant element is zero for a loan carrying a 10 percent interest rate, 100 percent for an outright grant, and something in-between for other loans. The Development Assistance Committee (DAC) classifies aid flows into three broad categories. Official Development Assistance (ODA) is the largest, consisting of aid provided by donor governments to low and middle income countries. Official Assistance...
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...Karl Liebknecht described the Reichstag as a “fig leaf covering the nakedness of absolutism” how far do you agree? I agree to a great extent that the Reichstag was indeed a jejune body with the Kaiser maintaining a dominating Diktat over all aspects of governance, from dissolving the Reichstag and vetoing legislation to personal control of the Army; the constitution, itself undemocratic, afforded Wilhelm the power he so loved and shared with the Prussian elites who made up the administration of the Reich. Therefore, the premise cannot be entirely true as the absolutism was not latent in nature and was infact enshrined in the constitution. However, a nascent democracy is to be argued present by the very existence of a representative body elected by universal –male- suffrage more than can be said about most of the contemporary first world nations. Firstly, I would argue as would Rohl that the power was always in the hands of the Kaiser. This Absolutism is epitomised by his controlling foreign policy and the armed forces in his own right, plus being able to appoint and dismiss chancellors, who, answerable only to himself, could be dismissed when failed to meet his demands. For instance, Von Bulow in the wake of the 1908 ‘Daily Telegraph Affair’, having failed to protect the Kaiser from his own mistakes. Yet, perhaps more significantly, he was arguably in total control of the Reichstag. This can be seen in his ability to dismiss the Reichstag to serve his political interests,...
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...ABSTRACT An active, well-informed, well-trained Board of Directors (BOD) is absolutely essential to the success of the organization. The BOD for this organization is not unlike any other not-for-profit boards with less than 10 years in age. The boards of these organizations sometimes consist of inexperienced and unknowledgeable management professionals. New board members are excited to make good decisions and evoke proper change within the organization. They soon find out change is not quick and results aren’t seen over night. Due to this reality board members with tenure can become complacent and thereby miss opportunities for organizational growth. This can create barriers to performance for young board members and old board members alike. This paper argues the necessity of continual board development using assessment methodologies. It takes into consideration current knowledge on why and how development can detour ineffective job performance amongst board participants. This paper creates a possible framework for BOD development in non-profits. OUTLINE Introduction and Overview 4 Evidence or Support Statements 5 Warrants 6 Counterclaim Statement 7 Rebuttal Statement 8 Conclusion Statement 9 References 11 Introduction and Overview Board members are a significant asset to organizations. They make decisions based on strategic need and corporate responsibility. Rarely though do new members arrive on the board with years of experience in the nonprofit sector...
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...People with multiple chronic conditions often have complex needs and are more likely to experience hospitalization, which may lead to further functional decline. These factors contribute to longer lengths of stay, increased risk of complications and adverse events. The key practices that support integration include: single point of entry, “at risk” screening, comprehensive assessment, service coordination and case management, care planning including advance care planning, clear communication processes including shared health records, patient empowerment and self-management, quality use of medications and ongoing monitoring. The healthcare system is complex and people have difficulty navigating the system due to inadequate linkage between organisations and services People with complex needs require a comprehensive range of services, delivered across organisational boundaries, with clear assessment processes, access routes and pathways through services. Both overseas and Australian experience indicate that case management is ideally targeted to individuals who are likely to receive the most benefit i.e. those with complex needs requiring intense management from a range of different organisations, as this is where case management is deemed most cost effective. Therefore, the focus of many integrated care projects is on service coordination as a way of integrating care management and creating care pathways through the system. The move towards models of integrated care is...
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...Leadership by Virtue: Does Holacracy Need Leadership? Source: Posted on January 14, 2015 By Ted Bauer (thecontextofthings.com BA 7910 November 7, 2015 Howard Eaton Introduction: The main objective of Holacracy is to distribute leadership and decision-making throughout an organization so that fewer decisions get bottlenecked with the boss, which, results in faster decisions, improved creativity and innovation, and improved productivity. Holacracy has become more popular in the last decade as younger and more visionary C-suite leaders balk at conventional, top-down organizational structures to seek out new “open” ways of working that are fast, agile, and that succeed by pursuing their purpose, not following a dated implicit organizational plan. "The industrial age operating system is no longer compatible," said Traci Fenton, the founder and CEO of WorldBlu, which preaches the Freedom at Work method used by hundreds of companies worldwide, including Zappos before it adopted Holacracy. "You have to move into the new age to realize we've outgrown the clothes." (Greenfield – HolaWhat? 2015) When companies implement Holacracy, they learn to create new structures (circles) and ways of making decisions that empower the people who know the most about the type of work the organizations perform: the frontline (customer facing) workers. Some of the notable champions of Holacracy include Tony Hsieh, CEO of Zappos.com, Evan Williams, co-founder Medium, and David Allen...
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...requiring more than minimal political alignment or erosion of formal state sovereignty. The unifying factor in the different forms of economic regionalism is thus the desire by the participating states to use a wider, transnationalized sense of space to advance national economic interests. Forms of economic integration Although there are many different forms of economic integration, perhaps the most convenient way to order the concept is to think of a continuum that ranges from loose association at one end to an almost complete merging of national economies at the other end. Although it is far from a given that positive experiences in the simpler forms of economic integration will lead to a deepening of the process to increasingly integrated shared economic spaces, the more-complex forms incorporate and are founded on the substantive elements of the earlier forms. The significant point is that although economic integration is explicitly framed by trading relationships, it acquires an increasingly political character as it reaches deeper forms. Simple free-trade area The most basic type of economic integration is a simple free-trade area. In...
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...187-196 187 INTERNAL CONTROLS IN ENSURING GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS KOSMAS NJANIKE, MARGARET MUTENGEZANWA, FUNGAI B. GOMBARUME * ABSTRACT: This paper assessed factors that influence the internal controls in ensuring good corporate governance in financial institutions in developing economies with special reference to Zimbabwe. The research paper assessed how lack of internal controls affected good corporate governance and aimed to bring out elements of good corporate governance. It emerged that failure to effectively implement internal controls contributed significantly to poor corporate governance. The study discovered that internal control system overrides and the issue of “fact cat” directors also contributed to poor corporate governance. The study recommended that there is need for the board of directors to guarantee an organizational structure that clearly defines management responsibilities, authority and reporting relationships. There is also need to ensure that delegated responsibilities are effectively carried out to ensure compliance with internal controls of the financial institution concerned. KEY WORDS: internal controls; corporate governance; ethical behaviour. JEL CLASSIFICATION: G21, G28; G30; G38. 1. INTRODUCTION The year period December 31 2003 to December 31 2004 witnessed the collapse of a number of financial institutions in Zimbabwe. This period witnessed a 27.5% decline in the number of registered financial institutions from...
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