...Effects and Ways of Curbing Youth Restiveness in Nigeria: Implications for Counselling Happiness Ihuoma Igbo1* Innocent Ikpa2 1. Department of Educational Foundations, Benue State University Makurdi, Km 1, Gboko Road, PMB 102119, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. 2. Department of Educational Foundations, Benue State University Makurdi, Km 1, Gboko Road, PMB 102119, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. * E-mail of the corresponding author: hapigbo@yahoo.com Abstract The study was a survey designed to investigate causes, effects and ways of curbing youth restiveness in Nigeria. Three research questions were formulated. A total of 200 National Youth Service Corps members were sampled from 1200 Batch B 2012 Benue State. An instrument titled “Causes, Effects and Ways of Curbing Youth Restiveness Inventory” (CEWYI) was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using frequencies and percentages. The result revealed that youth restiveness is mostly caused by illiteracy, unequal distribution of national resources, poor child upbringing among others. The effects include upsurge of social vices and destruction of lives and properties while the result also revealed that it can be curbed through skill acquisition programmes and enlightenment against the phenomenon. The paper concluded that counselling could be an effective way of curbing youth restiveness in Nigeria. Keywords: Youth Restiveness, Causes, Effects, Curbing, Counselling 1. Introduction Restiveness among youths globally and those in Nigeria...
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...adolescents. Studies have shown that children receiving oral antibodies and insulin has increased eight times between 1998 and 2005.( Hindmarsh et al., 2009) The current global increase in incidence of 3% per year is well reported, and it is predicted that the incidence of type 1 diabetes will be 40% higher in 2010 than in 1998. (Gillespie 2006) The Search for Diabetes in Youth found that type 1 diabetes is the primarily in children 10 years and younger.(Aanstoot et al., 2007) High rates of type 1 diabetes were found in non-Hispanic white youth.(Dabelea et al., 2011) While most cases of type 1 diabetes are found in children and adolescents there is an increasing rate in older adults. Etiology: Type 1 DM is linked to a genetic component. Antibodies to the islet cell and to insulin are can be positive for several years before diabetes occurs. Non-genetic factors may also contribute. Viruse such as mumps, rubella, coxsackievirus B4 can be potential triggers for immunologic destruction of the beta cells include. Toxic chemicals, serotoxins, and exposure to cow’s milk in infancy can also lead to the destruction of beta cells. Pathophysiology: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder in which circulating insulin is absent or very low, plasma glucagon is increased, and the pancreatic beta cells fail to respond to all insulin stimuli. Lymphocytic infiltration...
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...In journal-styled literature, vulnerable characters can often reveal a theme. In Sparks’ novel Go Ask Alice, addiction can manipulate youth, causing destruction and instability within relationships and their lives. The “anonymous” main character in this novel comes to a new understanding of herself and this develops a theme. Likewise, she turns to drug use when she feels she has no one to connect with and talk to. She uses the drugs as an expressive outlet that she is wishing to find in a person, and this shows how addiction can manipulate youth, causing destruction and instability within their lives. Another example found in this novel is how fast the relationship between the main character and her parents deteriorates. The constant...
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...Erich Remarque’s All Quiet on the Western Front was revolutionary in how it spoke not about the glory and honor of war, but instead the cruel, dark reality of it. World War I was very different than any other war that had come before it through the combination of the number of large, powerful countries fighting in it and new, innovative fighting techniques that came about. In this novel, Remarque wrote about reality; the complete destruction that comes with war and how nationalism was used to trick men, but the themes and ideas of this novel still stand true today and it should not be forgotten. World War I was completely different than any other war the world had seen so far, it was gruesome and violent; the majority of this novel follows...
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...generation of a given species. Nowhere in this idea did he talk about external forces acting on populations that change the survivability of a species. Darwin was well aware of the food chain, but he never discussed how human elitism could affect the food chain. As a result of mass production, human ignorance towards other forms of life proves their elitism. Humans believe that they are the top of the food chain, and therefore, they value their own life far above any other life. They have a biological elitism. With their biological elitism, humans begin developing a superiority complex, which, in result lends them to believe they are a step above “top of the food chain”. Finally, humans can get pleasure from watching the destruction of other life because the destruction reassures humans of their superiority complex. Although each has a unique setting, Super Sad True Love Story, “The People Pound”, and Heathers are all connected in their inherent values of life, each providing a satirical approach to biological elitism and proving the sadism of humanity. Biological elitism starts with the devaluing of other, inferior life forms, which leads to the construction of a biological dictatorship. In Hunter Breckonridge’s story, “The People Pound”, she satirizes the lack of value humans place on animals by paralleling animals with disabled humans, calling disabled humans “duds”. In her story, Gertrude is a middle-aged woman who received brain damage at her job. She is the first “dud” of many...
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...Speaker used such stylistic devise as gradation: “brass, nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea”, it’s also a personification the materials of the nature. Line 3 asks, "How with this rage shall beauty hold a plea," characterizing beauty as the plaintiff in a legal dispute. Time is thus characterized as an unfair tyrant, against which delicate beauty stands no chance in court. The legal terminology (hold a plea) is continued in the following line with the use of the word "action." In the second quatrain the Speaker used a lot of military terminology: hold out, against the wreckful siege, battering, impregnable, decay. There is a metaphor of the capture of a city, which would be the final destruction of war. In line 6, "the wrackful siege of battering days," refers to ruin and destruction with the term "wrackful," while "siege" implies the taking of a city. "Battering" calls to mind a battering ram. The "rocks impregnable" in line 7 refer to the city's walls, which were thought to be impenetrable, and the "gates of steel" in line 8 are the gates of the besieged city. In the first line of the second quatrain there is a line “O, how shall summer’s honey breath hold out” which is an opposition to the three lines. Because this line sounds like breath and whispering, and breathe means life itself. Also we see the rhetorical question at the end of this quatrain: “Nor gates of steel so strong, but Tine decays?” and this question makes us think about the destructive power of time. Also...
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...“Good satire comes from anger. It comes from a sense of injustice, that there are wrongs in the world that need to be fixed.” -Carl Hiaasen Many adolescents believe that the standards children are held to are unfair when compared to the standards adults are held to. This is their injustice. According to studystandard.com, when Samuel Clemens was asked to address youth in an instructive way he responded with the speech Advice to Youth (1882). This announcement was written in a Juvenalian satire format; the abrasiveness was directed towards the adult community in the format of six points. In an article by techdirt.com, studies show that satirical outlets are more effective in conveying arguments than other types of media. Clemens uses the...
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...methodology for ensuring compliance, which was inefficient and expensive. Also Smaller companies that are audited will pay higher audit fees (Hazels & Thornton, 2007). After doing some research the Sarbanes Act is useful for large national, nonprofit organizations. Organizations have a checklist they have to abide by due to the Sarbanes Act. The first item on the checklist is information regarding Insider Transactions and Conflicts of Interest. The second item is Independent and Competent Audit Committee. The third item is Responsibilities of Auditors. The fourth item is Certified Financial Statements. The fifth item has information regarding Disclosure. The sixth item is Whistle-Blower Protection. The last item has guidelines on Document Destruction (Sarbanes-Oxley Act, n.d.). After reviewing the United Way website they are abiding by the internal controls similar to...
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...increase of violence in these last decades, it has been the time of war, with a tremendous increase in the sacrifice of human lives and physical losses. But not only conflicts between countries and regions has increased, but also internal conflicts and criminal acts that everyday have shaken the society. Wars have always been present in the history of mankind, but in past times their impact on human lives and destruction had another scale. Before countries fought together with relatively small armies, with few deaths and little destruction. “I just have this feelin we’re looking at something we really aint never even seen before” [p. 46]. Now, with the technological advances of the last century, the destruction arrives today to build a power greater devastation that would be required to the total annihilation. Now in today's wars not only produce victims among combatants, but also civilians. The bombing of cities killed more civilians than soldiers especially children, as is currently happening in Syria. An important factor of this new scale of violence, is the destruction of the family, a phenomenon that seems to be typical of this times. It is only in the harmony of the family that prevented the development of violence, and that is where the basic principles of coexistence and respect are created. Most of the violent individuals have been incubated in distorted families with a single parent, or parents of violent behavior. Children often tend to repeat behaviors of their own...
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...War is a state of armed conflict between societies. It is generally characterized by extreme collective aggression, destruction, and usually high mortality. The set of techniques and actions used to conduct war is known as warfare. An absence of war is usually called "peace". Total war is warfare that is not restricted to purely legitimate military targets, and can result in massive civilian or other non-combatant casualties. While some scholars see war as a universal and ancestral aspect of human nature, others argue that it is only a result of specific socio-cultural or ecological circumstances. In 2013 war resulted in 31,000 deaths down from 72,000 deaths in 1990. The deadliest war in history, in terms of the cumulative number of deaths since its start, is the Second World War, with 60–85 million deaths, followed by the Mongol conquests which was greater than 41 million. Proportionally speaking, the most destructive war in modern history is the War of the Triple Alliance, which took the lives of over 60% of Paraguay's population, according to Steven Pinker. In 2003, Richard Smalley identified war as the sixth biggest problem facing humanity for the next fifty years. War usually results in significant deterioration of infrastructure and the ecosystem, a decrease in social spending, famine, large-scale emigration from the war zone, and often the mistreatment of prisoners of war or civilians. Another byproduct of some wars is the prevalence of propaganda by some or all parties...
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...Compliant Destruction Music artists and their lyrics have a very large impact on their adolescent listeners, and the negative influence surrounding today’s popular music is detrimentally affecting today’s youth. “In a study done in 2000, North et al found that a sample of 2465 adolescents in England reported listening to music for an average of 2.45 hours per day” (American Academy of Pediatrics 1). This means that teens are listening to lyrics that desensitize and glamorize the use of drugs, sex, alcohol, and discrimination for at least two hours a day. Then, in addition to listening to music, teens watch explicit music videos, read incriminating articles, and see scandalous stories on the news that further amplify this negative influence....
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...unfortunately, this state has been nationalized in Nigeria. Unemployment in Nigeria has hindered the economic growth of the country. Unemployment is of great harm to the society and the youth age; it drastically increases illegal activities in the society and the youth are left with no choice other than to indulge in illegal activities. Nigeria is one of the countries with the highest rate of unemployment. In Nigeria, about two-third of the working population is unemployed. This is as a result of lack of job opportunities and productivity of the government. Lack of employment has an adverse effect on the society and on youths especially. For example, it creates false employment such as militancy, theft (armed robbery), and prostitution (both in male and female). This false employment increases the crime rate in the country and contributes to the gradual crumble of the economy of the country. According to the CIA World Fact-book, in 2008 the rate of unemployment in Nigeria was about 4.90%, and in 2009 it increased to 4.90%. Firstly, for a country like Nigeria that dwells mainly on oil as a source of income and foreign exchange, militancy does more harm than good. Militancy has become a burden in the heart of the government because of the high rate of destruction these unemployed youths indulge in. A good number of unemployed graduates and undergraduates take it upon themselves as a task to willingly vandalize the pipelines which the oil industries use in transporting crude...
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...problems were encountered by the world. We cannot deny that everyone was a reason for all of these worst destructions of humanity. And I do believe that it is also everyone that can help in changing and molding the world to become a better place to live in for the future generations. I, Jhon Kenneth Alejandre, know that this world could be the place for the youth of today. We can all gather up and be one as we continue to prove the importance of youth to this world and as we develop our ways of youth empowerment. Through youth empowerment or the structural process, young ones like me, regardless of social status, will gain the ability; authority and agency that could help us make decisions for our own lives. This would not only improve our youth of today, but would also be the key to intergenerational equity, civic engagement and democracy building. Youth is a big influence to the lives of many. The young people are the valuables of this world. We are the builders, the changers. Just like what our National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal said, “Ang kabataan ang pag-asa ng bayan.” It is us, the youth that were entrusted by our ancestors to give a better and improved life to the next generations. We would be the gateway for improvement. Let us help each other in creating a productive society for the world. If we are not going to act right now, who will? No one can take the place of the youth in this world. We are living not only for our own sake but also for the sake of many. Let us not deny...
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...nothing of life but despair, death, fear, and fatuous superficiality cast over an abyss of sorrow”(Remarque.) In his novel “All Quiet on the Western Front” Remarque describes how young men have their innocence destroyed and their youth and identity lost through war. He does this by Remarque demonstrates how young men have their innocence destroyed by describing the horrors they face daily and explaining how it impacts them as young men. In the novel, Remarque, through one of his characters, says, “We are not youth any longer. We don’t want to take the world by storm. We are fleeing. We fly from ourselves. From our life. We were eighteen and had begun to love life and the world; and we had to shoot...
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...The Rape of Nanking of December 1937 resulted in the murder of 300,000 Chinese civilians, rape of more than 20,000 females, destruction of private property, theft, and inhumane torture as Japanese soldiers spiraled into a vicious cycle of sadism and flagrant violation of morality. This event, resulting in further degradation of Sino-Japanese relations, wrests the title of the most horrific atrocity from all other World War II theatres, excluding the Holocaust. Following this mass carnage, asking why such an event transpired is permissible. The Allies charged and executed Japanese General Iwane Matsui for his role in the Rape of Nanking [war crimes], because the Rape of Nanking was not the result of a breakdown of discipline, but the successful...
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