...economic impact of EU membership on the UK This note examines the various channels through which membership of the EU affects the UK economy. A general sense of the EU’s economic impact can be gained by reading Section 1 alone. Subsequent sections deal with particular issues, such as the EU’s effect on UK trade relations, in more detail, and compare the UK’s situation with alternative arrangements. Contents 1 Introduction and summary 2 2 Cost-benefit analyses of EU membership 5 3 The effect of the EU on UK trade relations 6 4 Impact of immigration from the EU 16 5 The impact of EU regulation 20 6 Fiscal consequences of EU membership – the EU budget 23 7 The EU’s effect on consumer prices 28 8 Foreign direct investment (FDI) 30 Appendix table: a comparison of the EU with alternative trading arrangements 32 Boxes Would independence over trade policy lead to better results? 15 The EU budget – winners and losers 27 Trade barriers and economic efficiency 29 Related Library briefings Leaving the EU, Research Paper RP13/42 In brief: UK-EU economic relations, Standard Note SN6091 Norway’s relationship with the EU, Standard Note SN6522 Switzerland’s relationship with the EU, Standard Note SN6090 The UK and Europe: time for a new relationship?, Standard Note SN6393 1 Introduction and summary 1.1 Understanding the economic impact of EU membership EU membership influences...
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...Christophe de Gouvello, Taisei Matsuki and Monali Ranade. 2 | State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2010 New Approach for the 2011 Report With the goal of providing a comprehensive discussion of the issues that most affected the carbon market in 2010, the authors of last year’s report have restructured State and Trends of the Carbon Market for 2011. The report still provides an overview of the size and reach of the carbon markets, as well as the evolution of the Kyoto flexibility mechanisms, and offers potential supply/demand scenarios for coming years. However, it no longer includes a detailed breakdown of carbon transactions, as in previous years. Instead, the report provides a more in-depth analytical discussion of the regulation and policy issues that will guide future carbon market development. The findings and opinions expressed in this report are the sole responsibility of the authors and should not be cited without permission. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the World Bank Group, its Executive Directors, the countries they represent or of any of the participants in the carbon funds or facilities managed by the World Bank. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. This report is not intended to form the basis of an investment decision. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or...
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...agreement in the agricultural area is bound to prove extremely difficult. Progress in the agricultural negotiations was key to persuading the unconvinced that a new ‘Doha Round’ of trade negotiations is useful and feasible. Second, the Doha declaration made agricultural negotiations one part of a ‘single undertaking’ to be completed by January 1, 2005. That is, in a take ‘all-or-nothing’ scheme, countries had to arrive at and be bound by agreements in all areas in which negotiations were to be initiated in the new round. This means that if agreement is not worked out with regard to agriculture, there would be no change in the multilateral trade regime governing industry, services or related areas and no progress in new areas, such as competition policy, foreign investment and public procurement, all of...
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...The economic benefits of environmental policy A project under the Framework contract for economic analysis ENV.G.1/FRA/2006/0073 - 2nd FINAL REPORT November 2009 Matt Raymenta, Elke Pirgmaierb, Griet De Ceusterc, Friedrich Hinterbergerb, Onno Kuikd, Henry Leveson Gowera, Christine Polzinb, Adarsh Varmaa a b c d GHK Sustainable Europe Research Institute (SERI) Transport & Mobility Leuven VU University Amsterdam, Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM) Institute for Environmental Studies Vrije Universiteit De Boelelaan 1087 1081 HV AMSTERDAM The Netherlands Tel. ++31-20-5989 555 Fax. ++31-20-5989 553 E-mail: info@ivm.falw.vu.nl Internet: http://www.vu.nl/ivm vrije Universiteit amsterdam Contents Executive Summary 1. 2. 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4. 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5. 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 6. 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 8. 8.1 Introduction Environmental Policy and the Economy Environmental Policies and Productivity Description and background Policy instruments Review of evidence from the wider literature Evidence from examples and case studies Scale of economic benefits to date and assessment of the further potential Beneficiaries and timescale Environmental Policies and Innovation Description and background Policy instruments Review of evidence Examples and case studies Scale of economic benefits Beneficiaries and timescale Environmental Policies and Employment Description and background Policy instruments Review of evidence from the...
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...SIGMA Support for Improvement in Governance and Management A joint initiative of the OECD and the European Union, principally financed by the EU This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union, and they do not necessarily reflect the views of the OECD and its member countries or of the beneficiary countries participating in the Sigma Programme. ALBANIA GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE LAW FRAMEWORK ASSESSMENT MAY 2008 Preface This report updates the assessment report prepared by SIGMA on the same topic in June 2006. We use the notion of general administrative law to denote those parts of administrative law that are applicable – fully or partially, primarily or supplementarily – to all administrative settings, public bodies, administrative activities and administrative relationships. In other words, general administrative law would be the part of administrative law that is not only applicable across the whole administration, but also contains principles and norms that give rise to special regulations or specific organisational functioning. Administrative law is the refined product of the pursuit in the course of history of the liberal goal to submit public powers to the law by ensuring that any action of the state is subject to the law or ruled by law. Modern democratic states derive their administrative law from their constitutions...
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...Report On Cross National Integration & co-operation for Economic Development COURSE NO: 304 Course Title: Development Economics Date of Submission: 03/12/2011 MEMBERS OF THE GROUP SL. NO. NAME IDNO /EXAM. ROLL REMARKS 01 MD. Sarwar Alam (L) ID: 08302123 02 MD. Salah Uddin ID: 08302110 03 Mohammad Istiaque Bin kalam ID: 08302122 04 MD. Yeasin Bin Faruque Bhuyan ID: 08302129 05 Hasan Bin Hider ID: 08302031 06 Nilima Sabnam ID: 08302006 07 MD. Fida Hasan Bhuyan ID: 08302056 08 Jewel Aich ID: 08302077 09 Sakib Rahman ID: 08302045 10 Sharmin Sultana ID: 08302060 11 MD. kamrul Hossen ID: 08302094 Letter of Submission November 22, 2011 To, Mr. Md. Abul Basar Assistant Professor Department of Management Studies University of Chittagong. Subject: Submission of report. Dear Sir, We are submitting to you the Term study report titled “Cross National Integration & Co-Operation for Economic Development” in the context of different countries socio economic co-operation and integration that we requested. The report has been prepared as fulfillment of the partial requirement of our course “Development Economics (304)”. In preparing our report, the relevant information is collected and integrated accordingly. It is a matter of pleasure for us to have you as a supervisor of our theoretical with pragmatic experience, which is an integral...
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...Northern Consortium United Kingdom – Politics Past paper questions for June exam < Module 1 > Section A 1a What are the differences between Public Bills Committees and Select Committees? [5] Public Bills Committee is part of legislative process, whereas Select Committee is part of scrutiny process. In the former committee, the bill is examined by line by line to ensure that its wording and language is clear to allow any amendments on the bill. In the latter committee, there are two departments – governmental and non-governmental. They examine government departments’ expeditures , policies and policies. There are between 16 to 50 members in the PBC who are selected by Committee of Selection whose 7 out 9 members are ships. On the other hand, there are 11 members in the SCs and to eliminate “the conflict of interest, all the members are backbench members who are elected using the Alternative vote system. 2a What are the main functions of Parliament and how well does it perform them? [5] < This question is a 20-mark question > 3a What are the differences between direct and representative democracy? [5] In direct democracy, people are directly involved in decision-making processes, whereas in representative democracy, people elect MPs who will represent and form a government in Parliament. For instance, some qualified members of Athenian society were involved in decision-making and a referendum is a limited form of direct democracy. Also general elections...
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...SUMMER BUDGET 2015 HC 264 July 2015 SUMMER BUDGET 2015 Return to an order of the House of Commons dated 8 July 2015 Copy of the Summer Budget Report – July 2015 as laid before the House of Commons by the Chancellor of the Exchequer when opening the Budget. David Gauke Her Majesty’s Treasury 8 July 2015 Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed 8 July 2015 HC 264 © Crown copyright 2015 This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gsi.gov.uk. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. This publication is available at www.gov.uk/government/publications Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at public.enquiries@hmtreasury.gsi.gov.uk Print ISBN 9781474122733 Web ISBN 9781474122740 ID 25061566 07/15 PU1820 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum Printed in the UK by the Williams Lea Group on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office The Budget report is presented pursuant to section 2 of the Budget Responsibility and National Audit Act 2011 and in accordance with the Charter for Budget Responsibility...
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...Western Europe continued to experience healthy growth—in excess of 2% annually—and the Commission was expanding its plans to further integrate Europe’s markets. But before real integration could be achieved, many more reforms would be needed. While the Commission recently concluded that “thanks to the Single Market Programme, today’s European 2 product markets work much better than they did in the 1970s,” they still exhibited wide price differentials, diverse regulations, and a lack of inter-European investment and competition. Capital markets had moved further, as members of the European Union had dropped regulations and encouraged competition across national borders. But even here, prices and margins remained high, and inter-European rationalization had only just begun. Finally, the markets for labor had barely begun to integrate. Here, high minimum wages, payroll taxes, unemployment benefits and diverse restrictions on flexibility had pushed Europe toward an employment crisis. Unemployment for the EU-11 had exceeded 11% for more than six years (Exhibit 1). Do No Markets,” 1998. 1999, p. 2. 1 The European Commission, “Economic Reform: Report on the Functioning of Community Product and Capital 2 The European Commission, “Economic and Structural Reform in the EU (Cardiff II),” Brussels, February 17, Research...
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...32965 Information Note by World Bank Staff July 12,2005 TABLE CONTENTS OF I N T R O D U C T I O N .............................................................................................................. I . I1 . 3 4 10 10 11 13 14 14 17 19 THE GLOBAL AGENDA .......................................................................................... PROGRESS IN THE IFA AGENDA ....................................................................... The Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) ............................................. The Reports on the Observance o f Standards and Codes (ROSC) ....................... The Financial Sector Reform and Strengthening Initiative (FIRST) .................... The Financial Sector Reform and Strengthening Initiative (FIRST) .................... Combating Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing (AML/CFT) ................. Debt Sustainability & Debt Management ............................................................. Social Protection................................................................................................... A. B. C. C. D. E. F. ANNEX Accounting and Auditing ........................................................................................... Corporate Governance ............................................................................................. Insolvency and Creditor Rights ................................................................................ ...
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...from the British Library. ISBN 1 902448 98 7 ISSN 1393-9424 Cover design by Butler Claffey, Dún Laoghaire Typeset by the Institute of Public Administration Printed by Future Print, Dublin 3 CONTENTS Executive Summary 7 Part 1: Chapter 1: 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 SETTING THE SCENE FOR THE STUDY Introduction Focus of report Study background and terms of reference Study approach and methodology Report structure 18 18 18 19 23 24 Chapter 2: Putting Local Government in Context: a Brief Historical and Comparative Sketch 26 2.1 2.2 Historical context Recent developments in Irish local government 26 28 Part 2: Chapter 3: COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP Strategic Policy Committees, Area Committees and Corporate 33 Policy Groups - Developing Political Decision Making 34 3.1 3.2 3.3...
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...1 AGRICULTURE IN BRAZIL: FROM THE 1980’s TO THE G-20 MAURO MASON DE CAMPOS ADORNO Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master by Coursework in International Policy Studies School of Politics Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences La Trobe University Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia 2 July 2005 Abstract The Brazilian economy transformed from a state of financial crisis in the 1980’s to become a leading agriculture exporter in the late 1990’s. Economic reforms implemented by the Real Plan were a response to a bankrupt decade of failed economic plans and high inflation rates. In this period agriculture played a key role in the control of the inflation and in the stabilization of the economy. The domestic environment of the Brazilian economy and the role of agriculture helped Brazil to develop a more active role and led it to seek for a leadership position in the international agricultural negotiations. On the eve on the WTO’s Cancun Round of negotiation a new coalition of developing countries formed the G-20. The Group was born from a Brazilian initiative and for the first time a group of developing countries stood up against the developed countries in the agriculture negotiations. 3 Acknowledgments I would like to dedicate this thesis to my mother Ana and my brother Matheus. Who believed in me even when I did not. I love you guys. I would like to thank my Father for the support, during the whole process,...
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...The GCC in 2020 Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy A report from the Economist Intelligence Unit Sponsored by the Qatar Financial Centre Authority The GCC in 2020: Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy About this research T he GCC in 2020: Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy is a white paper written by the Economist Intelligence Unit and sponsored by the Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) Authority. The findings and views expressed in this briefing paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the QFC Authority, which has sponsored this publication in the interest of promoting informed debate. The Economist Intelligence Unit bears sole responsibility for the content of the report. The author was Jane Kinninmont and the editor was Rob Mitchell. The findings are based on two main strands of research: l A programme of in-depth analysis, conducted by the Economist Intelligence Unit, which drew on its own long-term forecasts and projections for the six GCC economies, along with other published sources of information. l A series of interviews in which economists, academics, and leading experts in the development of the GCC were invited to give their views. In some cases, interviewees have chosen to remain anonymous. Our sincere thanks go to all the interviewees for sharing their insights on this topic. March 2009 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 2009 The GCC in 2020: Outlook for the Gulf and the Global Economy Executive summary ...
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...ENVIRONMENT A RESOURCE BOOK Edited by Adil Najam Mark Halle Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz Trade and Environment: A Resource Book © 2007 International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD) and the Regional and International Networking Group (The Ring). Trade and Environment: A Resource Book Edited by Adil Najam, Mark Halle and Ricardo Meléndez-Ortiz ISBN 978-1-895536-99-7 Published by International Institute for Sustainable Development, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, The Regional and International Networking Group This publication is available online at http://www.trade-environment.org http://www.iisd.org http://www.ictsd.org http://www.ring-alliance.org Cover photos from iStockphoto. Readers are encouraged to quote and reproduce this material for educational, not-for-profit purposes, provided the source is acknowledged. Printed on 100% post-consumer recycled paper. Trade and Environment: A Resource Book The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD, http://www.iisd.org) contributes to sustainable development by advancing policy recommendations on international trade and investment, economic policy, climate change, measurement and assessment, and natural resources management. Through the Internet, we report on international negotiations and share knowledge gained through collaborative projects with global partners, resulting in more rigorous research, capacity...
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...to become more sustainable in their practises. Although defining sustainable food consumption is fraught with difficulties it is widely accepted to include economic, social, cultural and environmental factors (Reisch 2010). A growing and contentious issue within this framework is the provenance and locality of ingredients within the food-related industries. A change in consumer attitudes towards more ethical consumerism is increasing pressure on food retailers to meet this demand. It could be said restaurants act as a medium for food producers to reach consumer markets, therefore present a suitable context to investigate this topic. Therefore this paper aims to investigate the contributing factors as to why restaurant operators may choose to either adopt or incorporate a ‘local’ ethos, and the rationale to cater for this contemporary trend. The government appears to be making some effort to help the local food sector grow. This could be a result of external pressure from the EU in their commitment to rural affairs (as seen in the recent Common Agricultural Policy reforms CAP 2003-2004) or simply more representative of the general publics growing environmental concern. The government may also have vested interests in a financial capacity as studies have revealed considerable economic benefits to local economies and consequently the national economy. For example, a study (cited in Pretty 2001) by the New Economics Foundation found that if every person, tourist and business...
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