...Diplomacy Professor Susie Okoro March 12, 2014 Define presidential doctrine and summarize the regional or global events during the Cold War leading up to the formation of the presidential doctrine you wrote about in Assignment 1. A doctrine is belief or policy taught or advocated by either a political party, church or other group. It also can be defined as a body of teachings or instructions. In this particular case President Richard Nixon’s presidential doctrine is being described from previous Assignment 1. A president should want to announce a presidential doctrine because it becomes the foundation on which a country builds its foreign policy upon. After being elected in 1969, President Nixon’s doctrine focused on justifying and accomplishing his goals of withdrawing American troops from South Vietnam during a costly war. With American strength in Vietnam reaching 500,000, it was time for Nixon to act on his promise that got him elected. With Americans extremely displeased with the casualty rate reaching 15,000 and the war costing the U.S economy 25 billion, on July 25, 1969, President Nixon established that from now on Asian countries fighting against communist aggression would have rely on their own manpower instead of American troops. He also stated that in exchange for troops, United States would send military advisors and weapons, and furnish military and economic assistance. With this doctrine he was able to recall nearly 10,000 troops by the end of 1969. ...
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...During the election of 1824, by electoral college Andrew Jackson won the most votes; however, he did not claim a majority and so the vote moved to the House of Representatives to decide the next president. The current speaker of the House was Henry Clay, he had enormous influence over the decisions of the House and could greatly affect the outcome of the presidential vote. Consequently, he decided to trash Jackson and give the title of president to the electoral college runner up, John Quincy Adams, in return for being appointed as his secretary of state, the stepping stone to the presidency. This caused much controversy within the country, the people felt as if their will was useless if individuals in the government ignored it to pursue their own interests. The presidency was at stake between these two candidates, and although John Q. Adams did win that election, because of the corrupt bargain, he did not win a second term and Henry Clay did not step up to the presidency in 1829, Jackson...
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...Business I. Explaining how and why fraud invalidates a contract. A. There are certain grounds under which a compromise and settlement agreement can be invalidated. If a settlement agreement fails to establish certain elements like offer, acceptance and consideration, it can be invalidated. Similarly, a settlement agreement can be invalidated due to: * Fraud * Nondisclosure as fraud * Duress * Illegality * Mistake * Undue influence A compromise induced by fraud can be invalidated. In approving a proposed settlement agreement, a court must determine that the agreement is not the outcome of fraud. Fraud exists if all of the following elements are present: * An untrue representation of fact knowingly by a party * Making such representation recklessly * Making untrue representation to deceive the other party and to induce him/her to act upon the same. Similarly, an unintentional nondisclosure without an intention to deceive will not constitute fraud. However, a compromise can be invalidated for fraud if one party deliberately conceals facts with the intent to induce the action of other party. The duty of disclosure is more comprehensive when there is a fiduciary relationship between the parties to the compromise. At the same time, it cannot be presumed that the elements of fraud exist only because of the existence of a fiduciary relationship. Likewise, a person who makes a compromise as a result of duress invalidates the...
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...The Truman Doctrine Joseph Woodall Strayer University Professor John Cronin POL 300 – Contemporary International Problems August 05, 2012 The Truman Doctrine The Truman Doctrine was a policy of containment to prevent Soviet expansion. It was introduced by President Harry Truman in 1947, in response to the Soviet Union’s aggressive expansionist actions. The origins of the doctrine were forged through providing military and financial aid to countries such as Turkey and Greece to combat Communism. The Truman Doctrine would ultimately be the basis of United States strategy during the Cold War. Turkey & Greece On March 12, 1947, President Truman introduced the doctrine that was destined to bear his name. In the body of his doctrine he described the struggle between Communism and the free world. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms. (Truman, 1947. p.178). Using the doctrine as a prerequisite for intervention into nations that were under Communist threat, the United States became involved in Greece and Turkey. Since the...
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...The Doctrine of Calvinism Name Course Professor Date Introduction Many people do not have a slight idea of what we mean by Calvinism. It is not a surprise because they know nothing about the doctrine. My effort is to try and help people understand the doctrine of Calvinism. I will try to explain what it is and the historical information behind it. It has a pretty wide doctrine that I will have the chance of defining it all through the paper. I think that it will be easy to highlight the scriptural basis linked to Calvinism. I will be glad to point out show the linkage present between Calvinism and scriptures in the Bible. There are different belief systems within Christianity of which Calvinism is one of them. Calvinism was taught by John Calvin, and it strictly pays attention to a very high view of scripture and tends to derive its theological formulations majorly on the word of God. In the course, I will be pointing out the theological development of Calvinism. How has the theology developed from the past? How did it come to be? Has it be accepted by the Christians or not? However, at the end of my work, I will be glad to show reasons that Calvinism has been criticized. Therefore, I will be able to indicate the criticism of the doctrine and the reason why some people oppose this doctrine. Different people have divergent views about Calvinism hence; the objections are present and will be highlighted. What people wonder is whether...
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...Contract Formation Author: Jason Dorman Business Law Professor Riggs 11-24-2013 A contract must have certain elements to be considered a contract. However, there are also elements that exist that will negate a contract as well. Fraud, undue influence and duress are all elements that will negate a contract. When a contract is breached or negated one party can collect damages or seek equitable remedies. The common law doctrine of election of remedies prevents individuals from taking advantage of the system. These elements are what an individual would not want to deal in any business situation. There are also elements in place to prevent a party from double recovery and this is called the common law doctrine of election of remedies. What we can learn from contracts is that neither side will deceive the other. What is fraud and how does it affect a contract? Fraud is an intentional act by one party to deceive another. “Fraud prevents a mutual agreement to a contract because one party intentionally deceives another as to the nature and the consequences of a contract.” [legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com] When each party involved in the contract states their terms. The terms must be factual and any misrepresentation of the truth can void the contract. However, there are situations where an individual’s intentions are to get over on the other party. This is why it is important to read the contract before signing it. What is undue influence? “Undue...
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...Introduction Christianity has been a subject of much debate and controversy for many years. There have been many theologians who have studied Christianity and created doctrine of their own interpretation of Scripture. The doctrines that have caused much debate and have been argued for centuries would be Calvinism and Arminianism. There has been opposing views by churches and other theologians that has caused much controversy over these two doctrines. Calvinism is based on the theological beliefs and teachings by John Calvin and Arminianism is based on the views of Jacobus Arminius. Arminius was once a strict Calvinist who studied under John Calvin and later studies led him to doubt and reject many of the Calvinistic doctrines. To label oneself as either a Calvinist or Arminianist would need to fully understand each of their doctrines. PART ONE Calvinism ”The theological system of John Calvin and his followers marked by strong emphasis on the sovereignty of God, the depravity of humankind, and the doctrine of predestination.” -Merriam-Webster Dictionary John Calvin was a great reformation theologian who lived from 1509-1564. “The system of Calvinism adheres to a very high view of scripture and seeks to derive its theological formulations based solely on God’s word. It focuses on God’s sovereignty, stating that God is able and willing by virtue of his omniscience, omnipresence, and omnipotence, to do whatever He desires with His creation. It also maintains that within the...
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...Predestination is a Christian doctrine, which falls under the larger philosophical rubric of determinism. Calvinists especially adhere to the doctrine of predestination. There are two aspects to the Calvinist belief in predestination. The first declares that God basically has ordained everything that occurs, or will occur. In regard to salvation, the Calvinist code of predestination is more specific: Scripture teaches that there are certain people – ‘the elect’ – who are chosen by God, through Christ, to be called to Christianity, and thus be saved for eternity. Calvinist interpretations of predestination often get into trouble over issues of free will; indeed, some interrogate the notion of God’s omniscient power to create all events and actions, given the fact that humans clearly possess the power of free will. II. Part One a. Theological Definition Predestination is a Calvinist doctrine, which governs the degree of control which God exercises over the affairs of human beings, and, indeed, all things that occur on Earth. Calvinist predestination insists that God basically has determined all things which have occurred, and will occur. A second meaning is also accorded to predestination by Calvinists. ‘Predestination,’ in this sense, refers to the notion that God gave to some grace, which grants them eternal salvation, while to the remainder is allotted eternal damnation, owing to their sins. The former state is referred to as ‘unconditional election,’ while the latter...
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...ORIGINAL SIN: DO ALL INFANTS GO TO HEAVEN? Harold Wayne Yeager, Jr. (ID# 24582631) THEO 525 LUO (fall 2012) Systematic Theology I October 10, 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Thesis Statement……..…………………………………………………………………………1 Introduction……...…...…………………………………………………………………………1 A Look Into The Past……...……………………………………………………………………2 Roman Catholic View………..…………………………………………………………………3 Lutheran View…….…………………………………………………………………………….4 Reformed View………………………………………………………………………………….5 Biblical Perspective……...……………………………………………………..……………….8 A Special Application of Atonement...………………………………………………………….9 A Modern Look………………………………………………………………………………..10 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………….10 Thesis Statement It is the intent of this paper to show that children who die in infancy, regardless of the beliefs of their parents, are given salvation and therefore spend eternity in heaven. Original sin is still present, but God, being free and independent of us, freely chooses to save infants who are not capable of making a choice to commit their lives to Christ. Introduction Infant salvation is a complex issue, sometimes controversial and a topic of much debate within Christendom. The issue of infant salvation first arose with the institution of infant baptism, done so that infants who died would be baptized, and thus saved in case of death. Though that debate has subsided in recent years, it is not due to a...
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...BUS 405 WK 4 Quiz 3 Chapter 4,5 - All Possible Questions To Purchase Click Link Below: BUS 405 WK 4 Quiz 3 Chapter 4,5 - All Possible Questions TRUE/FALSE 1. Craft unions have less independence from their national union headquarters than industrial unions. 2. The supreme governing body for the international union is its convention. 3. The practice of double-breasting is legal under the National Labor Relations Act. 4. The convention makes use of the delegate system, in which the number of delegates allowed depends on the number of members in the local. 5. The business agent is a key position in a craft union and provides many of the same services of a local union president in a large industrial union. 6. Most union presidents have restricted authority to appoint their staff, regulate locals, and direct the activities of the national union 7. The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations now includes all of the major U.S. labor unions. 8. The international union representative, in addition to organizing new unions, also helps the local unions in grievance administration and labor arbitration. 9. Unions as organizations are fundamentally the same as business organizations. 10. The potential advantages of a merger of two unions, compared with the risks of not merging, suggest that mergers of unions will continue in the future. 11. Attendance at local union meetings often varies between fifty and sixty percent of...
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...BUS 405 WK 4 Quiz 3 Chapter 4,5 - All Possible Questions To Purchase Click Link Below: BUS 405 WK 4 Quiz 3 Chapter 4,5 - All Possible Questions TRUE/FALSE 1. Craft unions have less independence from their national union headquarters than industrial unions. 2. The supreme governing body for the international union is its convention. 3. The practice of double-breasting is legal under the National Labor Relations Act. 4. The convention makes use of the delegate system, in which the number of delegates allowed depends on the number of members in the local. 5. The business agent is a key position in a craft union and provides many of the same services of a local union president in a large industrial union. 6. Most union presidents have restricted authority to appoint their staff, regulate locals, and direct the activities of the national union 7. The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations now includes all of the major U.S. labor unions. 8. The international union representative, in addition to organizing new unions, also helps the local unions in grievance administration and labor arbitration. 9. Unions as organizations are fundamentally the same as business organizations. 10. The potential advantages of a merger of two unions, compared with the risks of not merging, suggest that mergers of unions will continue in the future. 11. Attendance at local union meetings often varies between fifty and sixty percent of...
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...University of Asia Pacific ------------------------------------------------- Department of Law and Human Rights Lesson Plan Course Code & Title: | Law 115 : Constitutional Laws of Bangladesh | Semester: | 1st Year 2nd Semester | Teacher: | Azizun Nahar | Office/Room: | Bikolpo Tower (5th floor), House No. , Road no 5/A, Dhanmondi, Dhaka. | Consultation/Contact Time: | Day 1(Sun day) 12.00 A. M to 01.55 P.M. 3.00 P.M. to 4.55 P.M.Day 2( Mon day) A.M. to 12.55 P.M. 2.00 P.M. to 4.55 P.M.Day 3( Tues day) A.M to 10.55 A.M. 3.00 P.M. to 4.55 P.M. Day 4( Wednesday) 11.00 A.M. to 11.55 A.M. 3.00 P.M. to 4.55 P.M.Day 5(Thurs day) 09.00 A.M. to 11.55 A.M. | Email: | a.moonmoon@yahoo.com | Mobile: | 01712-356955 | Course Overview: | The Course on Constitutional Laws of Bangladesh incorporates, within its sovereign domain, the fundamental aspects of constitution, constitutionalism as well as the composition and functioning of various components of Bangladesh as a state. | Course Outline: | Constitutional Laws of Bangladesh emphasizes on basics of constitutional jurisprudence, constitution, role and functioning of state machineries of Bangladesh namely Parliament, Executive & Judiciary. | Course objectives: | The course on Constitutional Laws of Bangladesh intends to help the students understand the premises and periphery of Constitutional Jurisprudence as well as the compostion, functioning of the basic organs of Bangladesh and their role in ensuring...
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...Chapter 7: The Rise of Manufacturing and the Age of Jackson (1820–1845) THE GROWTH OF THE FACTORY Economic growth was a key component of Henry Clay’s American System, and in the aftermath of the War of 1812, measures were taken to expand American industry. American industries were protected by the Tariff of 1816, which raised import tariffs by 25 percent. At the same time state governments began improving road, river, and canal transportation systems. Before 1820 almost all products made in America were completed using a system borrowed from Europe called the putting-out system. Under this system merchants would buy the raw materials, recruit dozens, or in some case hundreds, of farm families to do the work, and then sell the finished product. Many shoes in New England were made in this manner; women and children would make part of the shoe, which would be finished by experienced shoemakers. Beginning in the late 1780s the textile industry started to use power-driven machines and interchangeable parts. All power in these early factories came from water, so the early factories all were located along rivers. Most were located in New England or the Middle states. In the 1790s factories like those in Lowell, Massachusetts, began to weave cotton imported from the south. With the introduction of the cotton gin in the same decade, more cotton became available, and production boomed. By 1840 the textile industry employed nearly 75,000 workers, with almost half of...
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...The Kennedy Doctrine This paper discusses the Presidency of John Fitzgerald Kennedy from the perspective of charismatic leadership. Specifically, it addresses the four characteristics that social scientists have agreed lead to such leadership and their relation to the 1961-1963 Kennedy Presidency: a crisis situation, potential followers in distress, an aspiring leader, and a doctrine promising deliverance. This paper shows that all four of these characteristics apply to Kennedy, and demonstrates their causality of his charismatic leadership persona, which endured long past (and perhaps in part because of) his assassination in 1963. The United States was in a state of controlled turmoil. Unknown dangers were threatened from enemies abroad, while moral concerns further eroded confidence at home. The nation was emerging from a decade of paranoia and fear stirred up by certain high-ranking members of the federal government. In this election year, a Democratic Senator would become one of the youngest men ever elected to the office of President of the United States of America in a historically barrier-breaking election. No, the year is not 2008, and the President is not Barack Obama. Instead, turning the calendars back to 1960 brings us the year that John Fitzgerald Kennedy was elected the thirty-fifth President of the United States of America, the youngest man ever elected to the office, as well as being the only Roman Catholic to ever hold...
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...the principle of federalism is not territory related. It cannot be said that residential requirement for membership to the Upper House is an essential basic feature of all Federal Constitutions. Hence, if the Indian Parliament, in its wisdom has chosen not to require residential qualification, it would definitely not violate the basic feature of Federalism. Our Constitution does not cease to be a federal constitution simply because a Rajya Sabha Member does not "ordinarily reside" in the State from which he is elected. Whether Basic structure doctrine available to determine validity of a statute The question arises as to whether the ground of violation of the basic feature of the Constitution can be a ground to challenge the validity of an Act of Parliament just as it can be a ground to challenge the constitutional validity of a constitutional amendment. It has been submitted on behalf of Union of India that basic structure doctrine is inapplicable to Statutes. Mr. Sachar was, however, at pains to submit arguments in support of affirmative plea in this regard. He referred to Dr. D.C. Wadhwa & Ors. v. State of Bihar & Ors. [1987 (1) SCC 378] as an earlier case wherein the Bihar Intermediate Education Council Ordinance, 1985 was struck down as unconstitutional and void on the basis that it was repugnant to the constitutional scheme. It is well settled that legislation can be declared invalid or unconstitutional only on two grounds namely, (i) lack of legislative competence...
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