...0 Introduction According to (Wallace, 415), Chinese economic growth and performance are facing increasing challenges such as contraction of the workforce and slow economic growth. These challenges have been attributed to complications resulting from increasing sex ratio at birth. China has been worst hit by high business cycles such as economic downturn due to the gender imbalance. The complications of gender imbalance have led to severe economic and social problems (Nazareth, 118). The consequences of sex inequality have also resulted in increasing proportion of the low skilled male population. It is estimated that this proportion of low-skilled men could be as high 1:4 by the year 2030.Economists have outlined that reducing sex ratio imbalance might take several decades to bore fruits (Wallace, 321). However, the positive impacts of the reduced population of small unskilled male crime and disaffection could overcome the losses accrued from the higher population and decreased savings (Golley, Jane & Rodney, 197). As per the UN population statistics, China sex ratio got to 120 in the period between 2005 and 2010 compared to an average sex world rate of 107.These statistics made China to a gender imbalance with a high number of women population. This action has been coined as “missing women”. “Missing women” have continued to increase worldwide as the proportion of women alive has decreased. However in China the situation has continued to deteriorate in both percentage...
Words: 1518 - Pages: 7
...In this day and age, China has the most population in the world. This largest number in the world also represents that China has a great number of labor focus. But there are also lots of issues following the huge number of population, such as shortage of resources, limited space and so on. In order to solve these problems, the government of China has to take a series of actions to prevent the population growing too fast. So the governor of China instituted the One-Child policy to restrict the growing population. This policy was introduced in 1979 and initially applied to first-born children in the year of 1979. After more than 30 years carry out, the main goal of this policy was achieved. Under the influence, the growth rate declines apparently. In the 1970s, China’s growth rate was 3 percent; in the mid-1980’s, it was 1.2%; and today, China’s growth rate is 0.7 %”( Jackson & Eleen, 2001). On the other hand, this policy also causes several adverse consequences, including high rate of old-age, increased abortion rate, unexpected change of sex ration. There is no doubt this policy’s affection which is obvious. Even though the Chinese government within the pressure of human rights improvement has relaxed the policy and makes this policy more humanistic but some of people still consider the one child policy impact China in a more negative way. Therefore, I will introduce how does one child policy impact towards Chinese society in the below. On the current situation, even...
Words: 1807 - Pages: 8
...111356 Class: 2ITMC-02 Date: 05/16/2013 Lecturer: Jeroen Hol Table of contents Introduction 3 What is One-Child policy? 3 Positive impact of One-Child policy 4 Negative impacts of One-Child policy 4 Ageing problem 4 Sex ration imbalance 5 Human rights violation 6 Little Emperor behavior and Heavy Burden 6 Conclusion 7 Reference: 8 Appendix: 9 Introduction Today, China is comforted the largest country in the world. The population of China is 1,354,040,000, which is confirmed by Chinese government in January 2013. China as the most populous country in the world has formulated a great national policy for population for population controlling, which is called One-Child policy, in 1970s last century. This great population policy has made big efforts on controlling Chinese population. Undoubtedly, One-Child policy has made historical contribution on the development of China in 34 years. Although Chinese One-Child policy controls the population growth effectively and contributes to Chinese economic development at the initial periods of implementing this policy, the One-Child policy still generates more and more negative impacts on current development in China. What is One-Child policy? During the administration of Chairman Mao Zedong, the crude birth rate decreased from 37 to 20 per thousand (Appendix, figure 1), infant mortality rate reduced sharply from 200 per thousand...
Words: 3366 - Pages: 14
...submission: Economic Impact of China’s Demographics Introduction Policies regarding population development are a major factor towards determining China’s future economic prospects. China is the most populous country in the world, doubling its population over the last 60 years (Lee & Qingjun 58). For the rapid population growth that China has achieved over the last few decades, controlling and monitoring the growth of the population has been at the core of the country’s administration. Policies have to be implemented that actively seek to implement demographic recommendations and stipulations with the aim of developing a sustainable population base compatible with the economy. Institution of population control legislation such as the one-child policy has effectively controlled the mushrooming population growth that distinguished China from the other world demographics. The result of the population control policy in the face of reduced death rates and low fertility rates has painted a grim picture for the Chinese economy. The result of the envisaged scenario is an increase of the number of old people in the country and a continual decline in the number of young people. This paper focuses on highlighting the potential challenges the country faces from having a reduced young workforce in an economy growing at a phenomenal rate. Due to the overhanging specter of an unsustainable population in the country with unchecked reproduction, the government imposed a policy of ‘controlled...
Words: 2419 - Pages: 10
...China is the second largest country by land area, covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometers. In addition, it is the world's most populous country with a population of over 1.38 billion. Moreover, because of this large number of population, china faces serious social and economic problems. Overly populated regions lead to degradation of land and recourses, pollution, and bad living conditions. The Chinese government has tried to find a solution to the problem of increasing population. Therefore, in 1979 they introduced the one child policy that worked well in controlling the population and raised the living standards by keeping growth rates down. Moreover, the access to natural resources increased dramatically...
Words: 1521 - Pages: 7
...China’s One Child Policy; Impacts on the Society, the Economy, and the People. By David Goheen Due: December 14, 2007 Executive Summary During the years before the implementation of the One Child Policy, the leaders of China were involved in wars, a great leap forward, and an industrial revolution. In the last twenty five years China’s One Child Policy has affected the country in every way one can imagine. This paper will attempt to explore the major ways the policy has affected the people of China socially, and how the economy has reacted with the change. A brief history on the traditional views of Chinese families, before the policy’s implementation, is outlined ahead of the policy’s background. This is to illustrate where the people of China are coming from, socially and culturally. I hope to convey that this policy has forcefully stolen the Chinese citizens’ basic human right to reproduce and has hurt them physically and emotionally. However, statistically and economically the policy has been a success up to this point. The early psychological status of China’s children with no siblings is looked at to try to understand their mental capabilities of dealing with the pressure of having to be successful. Major flaws that were overlooked could spell disaster for this aging population in the future. The policy has created prosperity for the country, but has also left its citizens suffering. China is now looked at as having a low birth rate, a low death...
Words: 4053 - Pages: 17
...expectancy and economic growth. Generally, most people and organizations concur that there is a relationship among these variables. Birth control has an input in the rate of population growth. The level of population in the world or in a country seems to impact on economic growth and the level of the standard of living f the people. Let us look at the question of the relationship between family planning and population growth. The more the people practice family planning the more likely that the population will stabilize in the long run. The population may also grow at a decreased rate. There is no question on the fact that family planning has assisted in controlling the rate of population growth the world over. In most countries, where family planning has been practiced the rate of population growth is lower than in countries where the issue of family planning is not wide spread. In most developed countries where family planning is practiced at a larger scale, the rate of population growth is lower than in some developing countries where there is little family planning. Let us shift attention to the relationship between population growth and economic development. Some economists have found a relationship between the rate of population growth and economic growth. They have established that countries with low rate of population growth have realized a better rate of economic growth. The most cited example is that of China. China introduced the one child policy in 1979. That...
Words: 1126 - Pages: 5
...expectancy and economic growth. Generally, most people and organizations concur that there is a relationship among these variables. Birth control has an input in the rate of population growth. The level of population in the world or in a country seems to impact on economic growth and the level of the standard of living f the people. Let us look at the question of the relationship between family planning and population growth. The more the people practice family planning the more likely that the population will stabilize in the long run. The population may also grow at a decreased rate. There is no question on the fact that family planning has assisted in controlling the rate of population growth the world over. In most countries, where family planning has been practiced the rate of population growth is lower than in countries where the issue of family planning is not wide spread. In most developed countries where family planning is practiced at a larger scale, the rate of population growth is lower than in some developing countries where there is little family planning. Let us shift attention to the relationship between population growth and economic development. Some economists have found a relationship between the rate of population growth and economic growth. They have established that countries with low rate of population growth have realized a better rate of economic growth. The most cited example is that of China. China introduced the one child policy in 1979. That...
Words: 1123 - Pages: 5
...Hi Darryl, Would you please review our debate statement? Opening statement: We believe that China should give up the one-child policy. The disadvantages of China’s one child policy are many. It has caused appalling human rights abuses in China, including forcible abortions and sterilizations. Since the policy went into effect, China has had a significant gender imbalance, an abnormal sex ratio. China’s rapidly aging population—combined with lower fertility rates—is expected to present significant social and economic challenges. It also brings other problems, for example, the "four-two-one" problem and unequal enforcement. Argument 0: One-child policy benefits exaggerated The government states that 400 million births were prevented by the one-child policy until 2011; this claim is disputed as official propaganda by Wang Feng, director of the Brookings-Tsinghua Center for Public Policy, and Cai Yong from the Carolina Population Center at University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, who put the number of prevented births from 1979 to 2009 at around 100 or 200 million. Argument 1: Low fertility rate can’t maintain the sustainable development of society. According to the sixth census population, currently one couple only has 1.2 children on average. In cities, the number is less than 0.9. Even for people from countryside, it is 1.5. Under ideal mathematic model, the fertility rate should be 2.1. The 1.2 fertility rate means the number of population decrease 40% every generation...
Words: 1053 - Pages: 5
...It all starts far back in 1979 when the one child policy was introduced. At first it was a measure aiming to control the rapid growth of the population, now the country is facing its consequences. (Dvorsky) By the midpoint of the century, more than a quarter of the Chinese population will be over 65. And it will be at this point in time (if not sooner) that young adults will face an unprecedented burden of care — what's been dubbed the 4-2-1 problem. China already has the world’s largest elderly population and it is expected to increase. Elderly people aged 60 and above will grow by 100 million in just 15 years (from 200m in 2015 to 300 by 2030). This argument in the increase of elderly people will lead to an increasing demand for services and expenditures related to health care, the cost of which will fall upon China’s only children. The one-child policy has created a situation in China in which there are too few young people to support a growing, aging population. This scheme basically stipulates that a child would bear the responsibility of providing to his/her grandparents (usually 4) parents as they cannot rely on siblings or other family members during their old age, himself and on top of that, his future family. Even with high savings rates, it seems unlikely that the younger generation will be able or willing to afford such a burden. So most elderly Chinese will be obliged to rely heavily on social-security pensions. China set up a national pensions fund in 2000...
Words: 732 - Pages: 3
...Fancheng Wang Professor Steven Cassedy MMW 22 A10 March 16, 2012 One-child Policy in China China’s one-child policy, one of the most controversial policies, has been intensely changing China’s social structure since 1979. This policy worked as a milestone on controlling the mass amount of population and had a profound impact on all aspects of Chinese’s life. Apparently, it decelerates the growth rate of population; otherwise, there could be 23 million newborns in China annually (Shanor 53). To some extent, this policy relieves a comparative land shortage under the mass population in the countryside (Davin 65). In addition, it raises the average level of education and health care in the city because parents are likely to put more effort into taking care of the only child in the household (Kane 109). Despite its marvelous success in both the city and countryside, some scholars are concerned with the side effects tied to this policy, such as “little emperors”, labor force shortage and an aging society, which will only escalate in the future (Shanor 54). Although this policy impact on people's lives are good or bad cannot draw a conclusion, but through some social problems, it is not hard to foresee the future of this policy having negative influence on the only-child’s different stages of age. Since the first generation of children under this policy have already reached their thirties and have become part of the mainstream society, these side effects have gradually impacted...
Words: 3548 - Pages: 15
...Proponents 4 Opponents 5 Advocate for the two-child policy. 6 Promoting consumption 6 Solving population aging problems 7 Balancing skewed sex ratio 7 Boosting the real estate 8 References 9 Introduction China has resolved to put an end to the three-decade-long one-child policy and each couple are allowed to have two children. Shortly after the announcement of the two-child policy, the article in appendix was written by a professor at Shanghai Academy in China Daily to advocate for the policy. And the target persons are citizens in China who meet the two-child policy requirement. The author used specific statistics to elaborate the population aging problems in current society (Logos). He demonstrated objectively that the two-child policy will benefit China both in the short run and long run and explained the benefits from improving demographic structure problems, boosting development of the service sector, strengthening domestic consumption and increasing innovation (Qu, 2015). The article was published at the right time when the two-child policy has been hotly debated. It would attract attraction of people who focused on this topic. And the author suggested the authorities put the two-child policy into force with assistance of more supportive policies as soon as possible (Kairos). At the beginning of the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the population boom, regarded as a strong basis of economic growth, was encouraged by leaders. They believed...
Words: 1907 - Pages: 8
...One Child Policy The One Child Policy has been a law in China since 1979. Deng Xiaoping established it because the Chinese population had tripled since 1900. The Chinese government felt that this policy would improve social, economic, and environmental issues. The One Child Policy restricts the number of children urban married couples can have to one and the exceptions to the policy are rural couples and ethnic minorities. Rural area couples are an exception to the policy if the first born is a girl or has a physical disability, mental illness, or mental retardation. The institution of the one child policy has drastically influenced china on a political, social, and economic level. The Chinese government estimated that it has three to four hundred million less people because of the policy and that it has prevented overpopulation, epidemics, slums, and strain on the ecosystem, but there are still controversial issues involving the one child policy. Kidnapping, female infanticide, sex selective abortion, and unequal boy girl ratio are all results of the one child policy. In order for the one child policy to continue these controversial issues need to be resolved or else it could have a negative impact on the population. These issues are results of a Chinese tradition that in order for the family name to carry on you need a son and boys are just considered to be better then girls especially in rural areas because boys can do better farm work. This tradition is not a law...
Words: 1160 - Pages: 5
...The Overconsumption of Luxury Items in China Introduction Chinese luxury goods market has grown dramatically over the past decades. According to a report released by Bain & Company (2012), currently, Chinese consumers occupy about 50% of the luxury purchases in Asia, and nearly 33% of those in Europe. Globally, one in four purchases of individual luxury goods comes from Chinese customers. Therefore, overconsumption of luxury items in China is a problem which should be given attention to. This problem will lead to a series of negative impacts on economy, society and environment, such as bustling counterfeit markets, distorted values, and damaged environment which could present significant challenges for China even all over the world. The purchase of luxury goods by Chinese consumers may be motivated by different factors from the aspects of economy, society and culture. This report will identify the impacts, analyze the causes, and consider possible solutions of this problem. Impacts Three aspects could be affected by the overconsumption of luxury items in China: economy, society and environment. To begin with, the overconsumption of luxury items would result in thriving counterfeit markets and threatened domestic businesses. Due to the demand for luxury goods, a bustling counterfeit market has been established, with counterfeiters offering replicas of luxuries at much cheaper prices than the authentic counterparts. For a country as a whole, this counterfeit market...
Words: 2448 - Pages: 10
...Population-Control-Policies and their Implications for Economic Growth in China Bachelor’s Thesis supervised by the Department of Economics at the University of Zurich Prof. Dr. Fabrizio Zilibotti to obtain the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Economics Author: Noemi Schramm Course of Studies: Economics Closing date: August 17, 2011 Abstract This bachelor thesis is giving an overview on previously performed research how family-planning-policies in China (explicitly the so-called One-Child-Policy) have affected economic growth since 1979 and tries to give possible predictions and forecasts on how it could affect economic growth until 2050 through critical model analysis. The Solow model gives theoretical answers but also yields analytical results through calculations subject to different population development scenarios (low, middle, high growth rates). The dependency ratio as a measurement of population age structure is analyzed and implemented into the Solow model to help understand the influence of family-planning-policies. It is shown that the One-Child-Policy affected heavily the last 32 years of China’s economic development and will continue to affect its future, but according to the calculations in this paper, the impact changes from a positive one to a negative one. Acknowledgements I would like to thank Professor Fabrizio Zilibotti for his supervision and for giving me the opportunity to write my thesis at his chair. Especially I would like to thank Yikai Wang for...
Words: 11172 - Pages: 45
