...Extra Credit 2 Jeff Chisholm 1 – Securities Exchange Commission (source: BYP4-5 of Kimmel textbook) What we do Answer the following questions: a. What event spurred the creation of the SEC? Why was the SEC created? The SEC was created due to the stock market crash of 1929 which led to the great depression. The SEC was created to protect investors in security exchanges such as the stock market. It is responsible for oversight of both private investment and corporate investment dealings. b. What are the five divisions of the SEC? Briefly describe the purpose of each. The five divisions of the SEC are corporate finance, enforcement, economic and risk analysis, investment management, and trading and markets. The corporate finance division ensures that investors are provided with up to date and accurate financial reporting data of market resources. The enforcement division investigates suspected violations of any activities pertaining to the other four divisions. The economic risk and analysis division analyses aspects of the market and all divisions of the SEC to mitigate risk in major market shifts. The investment management division has oversight of internal corporate investment plans such as mutual funds and exchange traded funds. The trading and markets division ensures that all aspects of the market are fair and orderly. c. What are the responsibilities of the chief accountant? The chief accountant is responsible for establishing and enforcing accounting...
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...Commission will be given. Further describing the regulations which will protect the public from fraud within corporations and what that represents in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. The Securities and Exchange Commission The mission of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is to protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation (SEC.gov, 2013). The SEC is the regulatory agency which governs securities markets and protects investors. It is a regulatory agency which oversees securities transactions, activities of financial professionals and mutual fund trading to prevent fraud and intentional deception (SearchFinancialSecurity.com, 2015). The SEC is composed of five commissioners, three of which may not belong to the same political party. The commissioners serve staggered terms of five years. The Divisions of the SEC The SEC consist of five major divisions. The Division of Corporation Finance ensures corporate disclosure of important information to the investing public (SearchFinancialSecurity.com, 2015). The Division of Trading and Markets governs a fair,...
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...of America and the SEC The banking and securities establishment has been around virtually since the founding of this great nation. Right after the United States declared their independence from England they reformed and established a new way to bank and circulate money. From the start, the banking and securities industry have been working hand and hand. According to Sylla,” the sector that benefited most from early U.S. securities markets was banking. Banks in the United States, unlike most banks in other countries at the time, were corporations that raised their banking capital by issuing equity securities…active trading markets in the1790s.”(1998).This system was a ticking bomb for corruption from the beginning. There was little regulation the governed the securities industry. This sector was lawless like the Wild West. It left the door open for greedy bankers and brokers to steal and steal until almost everything was almost gone. These bankers and brokers was selling snake oil to vulnerable Americans. The SEC website states,” During the 1920s, approximately 20 million large and small shareholders took advantage of post-war prosperity and set out to make their fortunes in the stock market. It is estimated that of the $50 billion in new securities offered during this period, half became worthless.”(n.d.). This prelude to the catastrophic event called the Great Depression was almost indiscernible to the government or the private sector. In 1933, the SEC was created to police...
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...white collar crimes a lot of the time multiple different types of agencies will work together. This joint policing tactic is really the best way to explain the majority of success in white collar crime cases. Although there are only three types of agencies that go after white collar crime, those types have a large number of agencies within them. The first agency that I want to talk about is the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The FBI is probably the most known about or heard of agency around. Most people associate the FBI with tracking down the world’s dangerous criminals and terrorist but the FBI handles a lot of white collar crime as well. In the Criminal Investigations Division the FBI has a program called the Financial Crimes Section. The FCS is broken up into several different units. There is the Economic Crime Unit, the Health Care Fraud...
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...Introduction “The key is not to eliminate risk; it is to measure it and manage it wisely” (Steiger, Strong, & Wilson, 2009). In the world of finance, the most difficult objective to achieve for individuals, corporations, and small businesses is the balance between financial risk and reward. This paper will look at both historical tools and avenues modern technology has adopted to create a balance for financial investors in the market today and how these tools are implemented in today’s businesses. Identifying opportunities and recognizing the risk associated with them is crucial to financial growth and success. Entities are continuing to find ways of leveraging risk by using different modeling tools to understand the source of risk, measure risk and transfer risk (Schwartz, 1996). Due to the expansion and growth of companies into new markets, risk has become an increasing concern for many businesses. It is clear through the recent market crash that more robust risk management tools must evolve with the changing investment practices that are taking place in today’s society. “The world’s financial markets have exploded with new products and new techniques such as derivatives and securitizations giving rise to huge new markets” (Epetimehin, 2012). If implemented strategically and used correctly, risk management tools can aid businesses in their journey of financial success and help them develop finely tuned investment planning and business strategies (Anonymous, 1983)...
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...E-Bikes Case Analysis: E-Bikes Offer Exercise and Environmental Consciousness The bicycle industry is exploring new ways to be both environmentally and user friendly. Taking their lead from electric cars, companies like Schwinn are marketing a line of electric bikes (e-bikes) that have a motor and batteries. E-bikes require significantly less effort than traditional bikes and can go up to 25 mph. The e-bike’s motor is quiet and produces zero carbon emissions. E-bike sales are projected to increase in America as people become more environment and health conscious. Some companies with a long history of producing traditional bikes such as Schwinn are creating a division within the corporation to focus on e-bikes. Other companies such as Ultra Motor Company Limited have chosen to focus solely on e-bikes. This paper will discuss the advantages of private corporations and public corporations related to emerging products such as e-bikes. This paper will also address potential disadvantages of operating as a sole proprietorship for a growing business such as e-bike manufacturing and distribution. The advantages and disadvantages of the different forms of business ownership need to be explored to determine the best fit for a business. 1. Ultra Motor Company Limited is a private corporation. What are the advantages of being private and not being traded on a stock exchange? As a result of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, companies that are traded on a stock exchange...
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...Introduction The stock market is the most active financial market in the U.S., which includes more than 5000 securities companies, trade associations, the stock exchange, investment banks and other institutions. The stock market can be divided into two level. The primary market including corporation, government agency, and investment bank sells securities to initial buyers, in other words called securities issue. The secondary market resell securities which have been previously issued in primary market. Secondary market can be organized in two ways. One ways is to organize exchanges, “where buyers and sellers of securities (or their agents or brokers) meet in one central location to conduct trades.”(Mishkin Eakins) The other way is to have an over-the-counter (OTC) market. The participants in OTC market trade through telecommunications networks such as telephone, email, and electronic system without a regular location. One of the importance network is the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System (NASDAQ). Beyond those, Electronic Communications Networks (ECNs) have been challenging both the organized exchanges and NASDAQ for years. ECNs is a large quantity of stock trading electronic network that connect brokerages and traders so that they can trade directly without intermediaries. There are tens of billions of dollars of stock trading in the market every day. The management of the stock market of U.S. government is to regulate the issue and trading...
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...MVE220 Financial Risk The Madoff Fraud Shahin Zarrabi – 9111194354 Lennart Lundberg – 9106102115 Abstract: A short explanation of the Ponzi scheme carried out by Bernard Madoff, the explanation to how it could go on for such a long period of time and an investigation on how it could be prevented in the future. The report were written jointly by the group members and the analysis was made from discussion within the group 1. Introduction Since the ascent of money, different techniques have been developed and carried out to fool people of their assets. These methods have evolved together with advances in technology, and some have proved to be more efficient than other. One of the largest of these schemes ever carried out occurred in modern times in the United States, it was uncovered as recently as in late 2008. The man behind it managed to keep the scheme running for over 15 years in one of most monitored economic systems in the world. The man in charge of the operation, Bernard L. Madoff, got arrested for his scheme and pled guilty to the embezzling of billions of US dollars. It struck many as unimaginable how such a fraud could occur in an environment so carefully controlled by regulations and...
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...Q NO.03: Discuss the role of each of the following in the Formation of Accounting Principles? * AICPA * FASB * SEC Ans: * AICPA: American Institute of Certified Public Accountant: The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) is the national professional organization for Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in the United States. Founded in 1887, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) is the national professional organization of Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in the United States, with more than 394,000 members in 128 countries in business and industry, public practice, government, education, student affiliates and international associates. It sets ethical standards for the profession and U.S. auditing standards for audits of private companies, non-profit organizations, federal, state and local governments. It also develops and grades the Uniform CPA Examination. The AICPA maintains offices in New York City; Washington, DC; Durham, NC; and Ewing, NJ.The AICPA celebrated the 125th anniversary of its founding in 2012. The AICPA’s founding established accountancy as a profession distinguished by rigorous educational requirements, high professional standards, a strict code of professional ethics, and a commitment to serving the public interest. The AICPA’s mission is to provide members with the resources, information and leadership that enable them to provide valuable services in the highest professional manner...
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...1.0 Introduction Capital Market mainly refers to the Stock and Share market of the country. When banking system cannot totally meet up the need for funds to the market economy, capital market stands up to supplement it. Companies and the government can raise funds for long-term investments via the capital market. The capital market includes the stock market, the bond market, and the primary market. Securities trading on organized capital markets are monitored by the government; new issues are approved by authorities of financial supervision and monitored by participating banks. Thus, organized capital markets are able to guarantee sound investment opportunities. This paper reveals the various aspects of the Capital Market in Bangladesh. 1.1 Objectives Capital market, being an essential element of today’s economy, demands an intensive and special attention. The objective of this study is to look into every aspect of Bangladesh capital market and identify its various pros and cons along with some recommendations to overcome the existing problems. The specific objectives of this study are: _ To give an overall idea about the capital market-its structures, functions, importance, etc. _ To identify the current situations of our capital market of Bangladesh. _ To compare the relative conditions of Bangladesh capital market to other countries of the world. _ To sort out the problems associated with our capital market. _ To suggest some practicable solutions to these...
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...PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY RESEARCH PAPER Submitted By RAKESHKUMAR PATEL NILAMBEN PATEL MONROE COLLEGE NOVEMBER 19, 2012 MG 620 RESEARCHES FOR STATISTICS Presented to DR. ANNE WALSH ABSTRACT The United States is the world’s largest market for pharmaceuticals and the world leader in biopharmaceutical research. U.S. firms conduct 80 percent of the world’s research and development in biotechnology and hold the intellectual property rights to most new medicines. In 2010, the pharmaceutical sector employed approximately 272,000 people (source: Bureau of Labor Statistics), and according to the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (Parma), those manufacturers spent $67.4 billion on research and development in 2010. The markets for biologics, over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, and generics show the most potential for growth and have become increasingly competitive. Biologics, valued at $67 billion in 2010 (source: IMS Health), account for a quarter of all new drugs in clinical trials or awaiting Food and Drug Administration approval. OTC market growth will be driven by a growing aging population and consumer trend to self-medication and the conversion of drugs from prescription to non-prescription or OTC status. Generic drug sales in the United States were valued at $78 billion in 2010 (source: IMS Health). The U.S. market is the world’s largest free-pricing market for pharmaceuticals and has a favorable patent...
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...Chapter 5 REVENUE AND MONETARY ASSETS Changes from Tenth Edition The chapter has been updated. The SEC’s SAB101 Revenue Recognition tests have been added. Approach The sequence of transactions for accounts receivable and bad debts often causes difficulty; indeed, the time that one is sometimes forced to spend on this topic is all out of proportion to its importance. Students often do not understand why an Allowance for Bad Debts account is necessary at all; they do not grasp the notion that although we feel reasonably sure that some accounts will go bad, we do not know which ones they will be. Even when they do understand this, the chain of transactions involved in estimating bad debts, writing off specific accounts, and booking bad debts recovered, is complicated and not easy to follow. If experience is any guide, it is quite likely that at the time this chapter is taught the press will be describing a company that has gotten into trouble for overstating its revenue or understating its bad debt or warranty allowance. Discussion of such a situation would be interesting. Cases Stern Corporation (A) is a straightforward problem in handling accounts receivable and bad debts. MacDonald’s Farm, by contrast, has few technical calculations but provides an excellent opportunity for a realistic discussion of alternative ways of measuring revenue and of valuing assets. Joan Holtz (A) is a different type of case. It is a device for raising several discrete, separable...
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...1 – Discussion Questions This paper will explore the discussion questions for the first of five workshops of Finance for Business. The three topics include: 1) The capital market, how the primary market differs from the secondary market, and in the student’s opinion are these markets efficient, and why. 2) The three primary roles of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, how the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 augments the SEC’s role in managing financial governance, and if the writer thinks the passage of this act had the outcome of businesses becoming more ethical. Examples will be used to support this thinking.3) Ratios which measure a corporation’s liquidity, some problems associated with using these ratios, and how the DuPont analysis would overcome these problems. The DQ’s will be stated, and then the Discussion Answers will be explored below. DQ 1 – The Capital Market What is the capital market? How is the primary market different from the secondary market? In your opinion, are these markets efficient? Why? Discussion Answer 1 The capital market is “Any market in which securities are traded. Capital markets include the stock and bond markets.” (Farlex Financial Dictionary 2009) “Traditionally, this has referred to the market for trading long-term debt instruments (those that mature in more than one year). That is, the market where capital is raised. More recently, capital markets is used in a more general context to refer to the market for stocks, bonds, derivatives...
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...Chapter 5 REVENUE AND MONETARY ASSETS Changes from Tenth Edition The chapter has been updated. The SEC’s SAB101 Revenue Recognition tests have been added. Approach The sequence of transactions for accounts receivable and bad debts often causes difficulty; indeed, the time that one is sometimes forced to spend on this topic is all out of proportion to its importance. Students often do not understand why an Allowance for Bad Debts account is necessary at all; they do not grasp the notion that although we feel reasonably sure that some accounts will go bad, we do not know which ones they will be. Even when they do understand this, the chain of transactions involved in estimating bad debts, writing off specific accounts, and booking bad debts recovered, is complicated and not easy to follow. If experience is any guide, it is quite likely that at the time this chapter is taught the press will be describing a company that has gotten into trouble for overstating its revenue or understating its bad debt or warranty allowance. Discussion of such a situation would be interesting. Cases Stern Corporation (A) is a straightforward problem in handling accounts receivable and bad debts. MacDonald’s Farm, by contrast, has few technical calculations but provides an excellent opportunity for a realistic discussion of alternative ways of measuring revenue and of valuing assets. Joan Holtz (A) is a different type of case. It is a device for raising several discrete, separable...
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...financial statements, were not detecting the material misstatements in the statements. As a result, both the US Government and the accounting profession needed to come up with a way to prevent these immense frauds from occurring in the future. As a response to these large frauds, in 2002, the US Government passed the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) issued Statement on Auditing Standards No. 99(SAS No. 99) to improve investor confidence and the auditing function’s ability to detect material frauds. The intent of this thesis was to look at the fraudulent factors associated with several recent corporate frauds and compare them to the standards set by SAS No. 99. Through the analysis conducted, this thesis looks at the relationships between pressures, opportunities, and rationalizations made during the act of fraud. Table of Contents ABSTRACT ii INTRODUCTION 1 Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) 1 Statement of Auditing Standards Number 99 (SAS No. 99) 4 Parts of the Fraud Triangle 5 Types of Fraud 11 INSTANCES OF FRAUD 13 Enron Corporation 13 Adelphia Communications Corporation 17 AOL Time Warner, Inc. 20 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 25 Global Crossing Limited 27 K-Mart 30 Tyco International, Ltd. 34 WorldCom 37 HealthSouth Corporation 41 CONCLUSION 45 Appendix: SOX Titles and Sections List 48 Works Cited 52 INTRODUCTION Between the years 1998 and 2002, the United States suffered...
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