...rule for 446 years occupied the country. As citizen of Malaysian, a string of previous history as a struggle should be the nation of Malaysia. “Eating is not satisfied, do not sleep soundly, no wet bath.” That is seen as circumstances and situation peoples of Malay in the colonial era. There are sad, bleaker and darker. If announced to the public about this story is sure to be stunned, speechless and some who shed tears of sympathy. Imagine imperialist atrocities when they were everywhere on our shoes. Indigenous populations into slaves, while other people pleasing profits from the sweat of our ancestors. Today security can no longer be defined only in the traditional form of accounting for the military threats and related issues even if we to enjoy nearly 54 years of independent in which globalization. The nation-state had to work together to safeguard commons interests, but at the same time maintaining special interest to them. This resulted in increasing need to maintained good relations between countries. Malaysia is no exception in this case, let alone this country in the middle of Southeast Asia and has strategic positioned as a bridge between Southeast Asia continents with the islands of Southeast Asia. It is also surrounded by some countries that do not have the internal political stability, which could affect the security of Malaysia. Countries such...
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...BIMP-EAGA (Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines East- Asian Growth Area) It was launched in 1994 as a cooperation initiative by the four national governments to close the development gap across and within the EAGA member countries as well as across the ASEAN-6 member states. BIMP-EAGA covers * the entire sultanate of Brunei Darussalam * the provinces of Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Maluku and * West Papua of Indonesia; * the states of Sabah and Sarawak and * the federal territory of Labuan in Malaysia; * Mindanao and the province of Palawan in the Philippines. The Program BIMP-EAGA cooperation aims to increase trade, tourism and investments with and outside the sub region by: * Facilitating the free movement of people, goods, and services * Making the best use of common infrastructure and natural resources * Taking the fullest advantage of economic complementation The BIMP-EAGA initiative is envisioned to be private sector-led and market-driven. Its goal is to accelerate economic development in focus areas which, although geographically distant from their national capitals, are in strategic proximity to each other, in one of the world's most resource-rich regions that includes the Heart of Borneo (HoB) and Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion (SSME). To achieve its development goals, the BIMP-EAGA cooperation is anchored on five strategic pillars: Connectivity, Food Basket, Tourism, Environment, and Trade and Investment Facilitation. BIMP-EAGA...
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...Discussion Paper Series No. 2007-1 Why Does Poverty Persist in the Philippines? Facts, Fancies, and Policies Arsenio M. Balisacan SOUTHEAST ASIAN REGIONAL CENTER FOR GRADUATE STUDY AND RESEARCH IN AGRICULTURE Science and education for agriculture and development Arsenio M. Balisacan SEARCA College, Los Baños, Laguna Tel/Fax: (63) 495362290 E-mail: post@agri.searca.org The SEARCA Agriculture and Development Discussion Paper Series aims to disseminate information on current trends or researches to inspire discussion between the author and other stakeholders in the same field of interest. SEARCA encourages readers to directly contact the author through the address provided or join the discussion board for this paper at http://bit.ly/searca-dps-2007-1. DISCLAIMER The point of view taken in this paper is entirely that of the author and does not reflect in any way, SEARCA’s position. INTRODUCTION A ddresing the widespread poverty problem is the single most important policy challenge facing the Philippines. Not only is poverty high compared with other countries in East Asia, but also its reduction is so slow that the country has become the basket case in the region. Proposals peddled to address the poverty problem are plenty—and keep growing. At one end of the spectrum are proposals contending that the root of the problem is simply the lack of a respectable economic growth. Putting the economy on a high-growth path is prescribed as all that is needed to lick...
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...ISAS Insights No. 8 – Date: 25 October 2005 Institute of South Asian Studies Hon Sui Sen Memorial Library Building 1 Hon Sui Sen Drive (117588) Tel: 68746179 Fax: 67767505 Email: isaspt@nus.edu.sg Wesbite: www.isas.nus.edu.sg ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TERRORISM ON THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN REGION 1 S. Narayan 2 Introduction The most important sea-lane of communication (SLOC) in the Southeast Asian region is the Straits of Malacca, the main passage between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. It is 600 miles long and 300 miles wide on its western side. The length of the Singapore Straits, which connects Malacca with the South China Sea, is 75 miles, with an overall width of less than 12 miles. The Malacca and Singapore Straits provides the artery through which a significant proportion of global trade is conducted. Some 50,000 ship movements carrying as much as one quarter of the world’s commerce and half the world’s oil pass through these Straits each year. The second SLOC is the wider and deeper Lombok. It is less congested than the Straits of Malacca, is quite often used as an alternative passage and is considered a safer route. The third SLOC is the 50-mile long Straits of Sunda, another alternative to Malacca. Because the currents are strong and the depth of the water is limited, deep draft ships do not use these straits. The largest SLOC is the South China Sea. It stretches 1,800 nautical miles from Sumatra to Taiwan and is home to four principal island groups and...
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...To minimize these losses from barriers and regulations is important. Thus, there are regional trade blocks to associate nations at a governmental level to promote trade and defend the members against competition. The defense mechanism against global competition obtained through making tariffs on goods produced by member countries, import quotas, government subsidies, and technical and non-tariff barriers. As trade is not an isolated activity member countries also cooperate in political, security, climatic, economic and other issues affect the region. Countries participate regional blocs because of its advantages in trade and economy. Transaction costs between countries will be eliminated. It will be easier to compare prices between participants. Uncertainty caused by exchange rate fluctuations will be blocked. The inflation in member economies will decrease. It will reduce the cost of the firms and increase the trade. But also there are some disadvantages but they are not as much as advantages. There can be instability of the system, which means demand of the markets, can change rapidly and it will take time to keep up. There can be over estimation of benefits, because one countries output can be input of an other country so you can calculate 2 times in the overall...
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...|THAILAND | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |INDONESIA |LAOS |PHILIPINES | |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] | |BURMA |VIETNAM |BRUNEI | | [pic] | |CAMBODIA | MALAYSIA Facts and Statistics Ethnic Make-up: Malay 50.4%, Chinese 23.7%, indigenous 11%, Indian 7.1%, others 7.8% Religions: Muslim 60.4%, Buddhist 19.2%, Christian 9.1%, Hindu 6.3%, Confucianism, Taoism, other traditional Chinese religions 2.6%, other or unknown 1.5%, none 0.8%. Malay Culture and Society: A Multi-Cultural Society Malaysia is a multi-cultural society. The main ethnic groups are the native Malays as well as large populations of Chinese, and Indians. When visiting the country it is clear...
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...Development Bank All rights reserved. Published in 2012. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN 978-92-9092-812-6 (Print), 978-92-9092-813-3 (PDF) Publication Stock No. RPT124850-2 Cataloging-in-Publication Data Asian Development Bank Myanmar in transition: Opportunities and challenges. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2012. 1. Economic development. 2. Myanmar. I. Asian Development Bank. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ADB encourages printing or copying information exclusively for personal and noncommercial use with proper acknowledgment of ADB. Users are restricted from reselling, redistributing, or creating derivative works for commercial purposes without the express, written consent of ADB. In this report, “$” refers to US dollars unless otherwise specified. Asian Development Bank 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Tel +63 2 632 4444 Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org For orders, please...
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...The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional association composed of the ten countries comprising Southeast Asia—Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Situated in a region covering an area of 4.46 million km² (equivalent to approximately 3% of the total land area of the earth), these countries are home to a burgeoning population of 600 million people, which is nearly 9% of the world's population. As a single economic block, its combined nominal GDP of USD 2 trillion ranks ninth in the world. Although relatively small compared to China, Japan, and Korea, ASEAN comprises one of the most dynamic emerging economies of the world, with an average nominal GDP growth rate among the ASEAN-6 (Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines) of 4.5% during 1989–2009, and poised to grow between 5.7% and 6.4% in 2011–2012. In contrast, the global economy is expected to grow by only 3.3% and 3.7% in 2011 and 2012. What Is the AEC? ASEAN was formed in 1967 under the "3 pillars" of regional cooperation, namely security, socio-cultural integration, and economic integration. In 1997, ASEAN leaders declared the ASEAN Vision 2020, which aimed to transform ASEAN into a "stable, prosperous and highly competitive region with equitable economic development, and reduced poverty and socioeconomic disparities." Building on this vision, at their 2007 Summit ASEAN leaders affirmed their strong...
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...development divide to foster regional cooperation, greater social and economic integration, consistent with the objective of building an ASEAN Community in 2015. Initiative for ASEAN Integration The ASEAN Heads of State at their Summit in 2000 launched the Initiative for ASEAN Integration (IAI) with the objectives of Narrowing the Development Gap (NDG) and accelerating economic integration of the newer members of ASEAN, namely Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Viet Nam (CLMV). IAI Work Plans The efforts to narrow the development gap will be driven mainly by the IAI Work Plan (IAI-WP). The six-year IAI-Work Plans have been developed to assist the CLMV countries as well as ASEAN's other sub-regions to ensure that the economic wheels of their economies move at an accelerated pace. The first phase of the Work Plan covered the years 2002 to 2008. The current Work Plan (IAI-WP II) is based on key programme areas in the three Blueprints for the ASEAN Community: ASEAN Political-Security Community Blueprint, ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community Blueprint. IAI Development Cooperation Forum (IDCF) To accelerate the pace of implementing the IAI, the IAI Development Cooperation Forum (IDCF) was established to serve as the main venue for engaging ASEAN's Dialogue Partners and other donors in a collective dialogue on the IAI Work Plan. Four Forums have been organized since 2002. IAI Task Force The IAI Task Force, comprised of...
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...largest contributor to the Indonesian economy after oil and gas (Osman, 2009). Income from tourism totaled USD6.3 billion in 2009 with 6.5 million international arrivals and is expected to increase to USD15 billion in 2010, providing direct employment to nearly 2 million people and 6.8 million people overall (World Travel and Tourism Council, 2010). Realizing that tourism has larger impact on employment and promotes trade opportunities and development of the country, the Government of Indonesia has increased the annual budget for tourism, allocating USD229.3 million for 2011 (Citrinot, 2010) for both development and promotion of the industry. With a total promotion budget of USD50 million, the government has targeted to increase the number of arrivals to 7-7.5 million (Bali News & Views, 2010). Indonesia is promoted by The Indonesian Tourism Promotion Board (the “Board”) through the 12 Visit Indonesia Tourism Offices (“VITO) located in 11 countries (2 VITO in China, Beijing and Guanzhou), and the 33 provincial tourism boards of the 33 provinces in Indonesia. Indonesia’s 58 embassies and representative offices overseas also conduct tourism promotion via its economic office. The Board does not have control over the activities of the embassies or the provincial tourism boards. Objectives, Terms of Reference and Approach We were instructed to conduct an assessment and evaluation of the marketing communication strategy of the Board to promote Indonesia to international tourists. We were...
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...Growth per capita 5 Unemployment & Price level Changes Inflation 6 Exchange Rate Innovations 7 Investments in the Stock Market 7 Investments in the Bond Market 8 Foreign Exchange Reserves 9 Structure of Industries 10 The Banking System 10 Monetary Policy / Money Supply Growth 11 Foreign Debt 12 Capital Flight 12 Asian Currency Crisis 13 Philippines before the crisis 13 What caused the Asian Currency Crisis? The effect it had on the Philippines and other countries 13 Looking into the Future 17 Prevention as the Best Form of Management 17 Some Policy Lessons From the Asian Crisis 17 Need for Great Caution About Financial Liberalization and Globalization 17 Manage External Debt Well and Avoid Large Debts 17 Manage and Build Up Foreign Reserves 17 The Need for Capital Controls and a Global Debt Workout System 18 Conclusion: Summary / Comments / Recommendations 19 Works Cited 21 Appendix A 23 Appendix B 24 Appendix C 25 Appendix D 26 Appendix E 27 Appendix F 28 Introduction The Philippines were ceded by Spain to the US in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. They attained their independence in 1946 after being occupied by the Japanese in World War II. The 21-year rule of Ferdinand Marcos ended in 1986 when a widespread popular rebellion forced him into exile. In 1992, the US closed down its last military bases on the islands. A quarter-century-old...
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...Asean 2015 SO soon! Indeed time flies at lightning speed and here staring at us is Asean 2015! And what’s in it for us in academe? But first, a very brief overview of Asean. We are one of ten countries wishing to band together as a single market. We expect that by end of December this year Asean will have measures mostly in place which are designed, like the European Union, to reduce trade barriers and consequently attract more investments. We expect to have free flow of goods, services, investment and skilled labor among “us” – us, meaning the ten member countries of Southeast Asia with the 617 million people (2011 estimate) inhabiting Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. In the future, two other countries could be incoming members of Asean: Papua New Guinea (on candidate status since 1976) and Timor-Leste (on observer status since 2002). These two countries have a combined population of 7,300,000 (2011 estimate). Unlike the EU, Asean will likely not have a common currency and neither the same nor a similar governing structure. About education, four priorities in this area have been laid down by the Asean Education Ministers. These are first, promoting Asean awareness among Asean citizens, particularly the youth; second, strengthening Asean identity through education; third, building Asean human resources in the educational field; and fourth, strengthening the Asean University Network. Committees on these...
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...Philippines will miss goal of halving poverty incidence this year 9 13 Google +0 0 Core Benjamin E. Diokno | | THE PHILIPPINES will definitely miss its Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of halving poverty incidence by 2015. This follows from the official announcement last Friday that more Filipinos plunged into poverty in the first half of 2014, this despite the above normal growth during the last three years. RELATED STORIESCore -- Benjamin E. Diokno:"Tweak the Constitution to strengthen weakened political institutions"Core -- Benjamin E. Diokno:"Justify the P3-trillion budget"Core -- Benjamin E. Diokno:"We’re losing the war against unemployment"Core -- Benjamin E. Diokno:"A GREEK TRAGEDY"Glencore to exit Tampakan project | By contrast, our ASEAN-6 neighbors -- Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam -- have met this lofty goal many years ago. This suggests that our Asian peers are doing things right while we continue to muddle through. Philippine authorities pledged to halve poverty incidence this year -- from 34.4% in 1991 to 17.2% in 2015. In 2012, the last year the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) was done, the poverty incidence was 25.2%. It was 26.6% in 2006 and 26.3% in 2009. Nothing much has changed: one in four Filipinos is poor. The real poverty picture may be worse than what the official statistics suggest. In 2012, the poverty threshold was P18,935 per year, P1,578 per month, or P52.60 per day. That’s the height...
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...ESTABLISHING THE ROLE OF THE PHILIPPINE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN THE EAST ASIAN PRODUCTION NETWORK: IDENTIFYING INDUSTRIAL ADJUSTMENT POLICIES THAT WILL FURTHER ENHANCE PARTICIPATION IN THE NETWORK AND RESPONDING TO THE CHALLENGES POSED BY CHINA’S EMERGING AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY1 Roberto B. Raymundo I. INTRODUCTION A. Integrating the Local Automotive Sector within the International Production Network One of the major industries that had successfully adopted both the regional as well as the global approach towards locating its production facilities and exploiting locational advantages is the automotive industry which has been predominantly driven by multinational corporations (MNCs) originating from the United States, Japan and Germany. The expansion of the production activities of these MNCs, particularly those originating from Japan, into the economies of East Asia over the past two decades have been primarily responsible for the creation of international production networks which continue to influence the extent of industrial development in the region. The international production networks in the automotive sector have made substantial contributions to East Asian economies in the form of foreign direct investments (FDI) to the host countries, creating new jobs and increasing production, establishing linkages by integrating local firms into their supply network and raising the level ...
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...Discussion Draft Regaining an Educational Advantage - Investing in the Philippines’ Economic Future Background For decades, the Philippines could boast of being one of the most highly educated developing countries. Its enrollment rates at all levels of education were higher than those of other countries with comparable, or even higher, income levels. But no longer. Any edge that the Philippines might have had in its human capital has eroded as more developing countries – Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam, as cases in point – have achieved higher enrollment rates even at the secondary level (figure 1). In addition, a large number of children who enter school do not reach the last grade in the cycle—about 30 percent of those who enter grade 1 and about 25 percent of those who enter first year high school. And since transition rates from elementary to high school are still low, the rate of high school completion for children who enter grade 1 is less than 50 percent. But much more troubling than lagging enrollment rates and completion levels is that students do not learn what they are supposed to in schools. One, Filipino eighth-graders performed dismally on international tests given in 1999, ranking 36th of 38 countries in math and science tests (Table 1). Table 1. Nearly last in student performance on mathematics and science tests: Ranking among 38 countries Mathematics score & Science score & rank rank Singapore 604 (1) 568 (2) Korea 587 (2) 549 (5) Taiwan 585...
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