...Name: A Girl’s Look into Sports North Carolina State University Self-esteem is defined as the confidence and satisfaction in oneself. One of the key elements in a girl’s adolescence is the proper development of self-esteem. Adequate self-esteem is a major component in the proper development of teenagers, especially females during the adolescent years. Without a good measure of self-esteem, young girls may grow up lacking basic skills needed to succeed in life; athletic involvement beginning at a young age is a good way to begin developing necessary social skills that will lead to greater self-esteem later in life. Although participation in sports can have a negative effect on teenage girls, the positive impact the sport has on them greatly outweighs the negative. Research has found that the most common negative effect of athletics on females is over training. Over training occurs when the body is pushed beyond its limits both physically and emotionally. The more females participate in sports, the higher the risk she has of obtaining a sports-related injury (Sabo, 1997, p. 38). The more competitive the sport is, the more training is needed in order to be successful, and this training can become risky to girls’ bodies. Girls tend to over-train under pressure, which in turn, leads to unnecessary injuries. Some of the most common injuries girls sustain due to overuse are stress fractures, kneecap disorders, and compartment syndromes (Storm & Jenkins, 2002, p. 164)...
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...Let Them Play! : Benefits of Sports Briana B. Western Governors University WGU Student ID #: ************ Let Them Play! Childhood sports have been proven to provide multiple developmental benefits to all children involved in such programs. The best way for kids to reap all the benefits of sports participation is to submerse them into a program which offers a positive environment with encouraging coaches who instruct with constructive criticism and work to “minimize negative experiences” (Seefeldt & Ewing, 1996, p.3). Research has shown that children who participate in frequent physical activity, such as sports, experience improved academics, have better mental health, and are less likely to take part in risky health behaviors than their less active counterparts. Dr. Daniels, author of “Interscholastic Sports and the Middle School Student”, finds six main points of interest pertaining to the benefits of and liabilities for children who get involved in sports. Out of the six, four are beneficial, and only two are considered to be liabilities. The four positive characteristics of sports are scholastic achievement, competency, fitness, and self-esteem. Whereas the two negative characteristics are sports injuries, stress and anxiety (as cited by Daniels, 1999, p.2). Although Dr. Daniels doesn’t talk about it in her dissertation, one more benefit of kids getting active is their likelihood to avoid the appearance of evil, in other words they are unlikely...
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...Male Adolescent Development Through Sports Adolescence is the period between childhood and adulthood, and there are a number of changes that take place. My goal for this paper is to address the influence that participating in sports has on the social development of males through adolescence. This is a time where individuals look to find their identity, and with new parental and peer influence, this can be a tough time. I found the interesting twist for this paper to be addressing how sports help or facilitate this development, because going through my adolescence, sports were very important. I feel that participating in sports gave entry to interactions with a number of new people, to keep you socially up to date. With involvement in a league, team, etc., people can establish who they want to be by establishing their relationships with others, and progressing towards a desired identity. In addition, being part of a team allows an individual to gauge themselves against their fellow peers, and see if they are on the same level, or feel inferior. Throughout this paper I am going to explore different steps and events that take place in the social development of adolescence of males in relation to sports. A starting point for social development of adolescence is finding an individual’s identity. At this adolescent stage, you are able to think more critically and abstractly than you do when you are younger (McGrath, 2009). Therefore you can find a deeper perception of yourself...
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...participate in outside of the mandatory educational curriculum. Students can participate in extracurricular activities at any age. These activities can be affiliated with the school or be outside of school. Extracurricular activities may include sports teams, special-interest clubs, theater, music, art, work, and volunteering in community service fields. Extracurricular activities are an important topic in today’s society due to colleges and graduate programs looking for ever increasing involvement of students outside of classes. It is important to know how participating in extracurricular activities can increase overall success for individuals. It is also important to discuss if the cost of extracurricular activities are worth the consequences they bring or if the money would be better spent on direct learning. This research paper will focus on students in middle school and high school, and the articles chosen are able to show how extracurricular activities correlate to grades, motivation, and overall success of the student. The article Extracurricular Participation and Academic Outcomes: Testing the Over-Scheduling Hypothesis by Jennifer Fredricks (2011) showed that 10th graders with extracurricular activities exhibited positive effects from them. Students received the greatest improvement in grades from zero to five hours. Between five and fourteen hours the rate of improvement for students’ grades increase at a decreasing rate. However, when students participated in over 14...
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...Milestone One: Rule-oriented Games (Physical Domain) Section A: Knowledge of the Developmental Milestones During middle childhood, children’s play undergoes several changes, the most obvious of which is children engage in games with rules. These rule-oriented games include informally organized games as well as formally organized sports, such as little league, club or intramural sports. The former category may be variants on popular sports games, well-known childhood games such as red rover, and invented games that children develop on their own. The principal commonality is that these games have a set of rules and often have multiple roles for players. While informal outdoor play allows children to develop rules and try out multiple scenarios, formal, organized sports allows children to learn rules, appreciate their personal skills, and develop their position on a team. Both types of rule-oriented games are important for developing social competencies and enhanced cognitive capabilities. This milestone develops as children begin to develop more improved motor coordination, a better capacity for information processing, and a heightened social maturity (Berk, 2007, p. 294). The physical skills at play in rule-oriented games include flexibility, balance, agility, and force, reflective of increased muscle strength. All four of these are basic motor capacities which become more refined with the gross motor development of middle childhood. Additionally, children’s enhanced capacity...
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...A GAME WORTHWHILE PLAYING DENISE C. MERCADO ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of extracurricular activities intellectually, academically, physically, and socially. The goal is to show that these activities had a positive impact on students/adolescents. This had been done by searching different reference materials that would be essential for the study. Upon examining and reading all research materials, it becomes clear that extracurricular activities are really helpful for students’ betterment. This research highlights how such activities become so important for students /adolescents like me. Extracurricular Activities have several effects on students’ inter-personal, academic performance and educational attainment, physical, and social development, which make it to be important. The increasing importance of extracurricular activities is evidenced by a number of very definite facts: the amount of space given to the discussion of them in educational journal and magazines; the number of studies and experiments that are being made; the appearance of books in this field ( as what I saw when I searched for reference materials); the inclusion of extracurricular activities in the regular schedule of the school; the allowance of teacher’s time for directing them; and the equipments that is provided for them . However, how can these extracurricular activities affect students to be so important like this? Extracurricular Activities Greatly Help on Students’ Inter-personal Development...
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...A GAME WORTHWHILE PLAYING DENISE C. MERCADO ABSTRACT This study examined the effects of extracurricular activities intellectually, academically, physically, and socially. The goal is to show that these activities had a positive impact on students/adolescents. This had been done by searching different reference materials that would be essential for the study. Upon examining and reading all research materials, it becomes clear that extracurricular activities are really helpful for students’ betterment. This research highlights how such activities become so important for students /adolescents like me. Extracurricular Activities have several effects on students’ inter-personal, academic performance and educational attainment, physical, and social development, which make it to be important. The increasing importance of extracurricular activities is evidenced by a number of very definite facts: the amount of space given to the discussion of them in educational journal and magazines; the number of studies and experiments that are being made; the appearance of books in this field ( as what I saw when I searched for reference materials); the inclusion of extracurricular activities in the regular schedule of the school; the allowance of teacher’s time for directing them; and the equipments that is provided for them . However, how can these extracurricular activities affect students to be so important like this? Extracurricular Activities Greatly Help on Students’ Inter-personal...
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...Sample Student Research Paper (Spring 2013) All Dolled Up: The Effect of Child Beauty Pageants on Contestants Reality TV shows like Toddlers and Tiaras and Little Miss Perfect expose the growing popularity of child beauty pageants. These shows have turned pageants into an industry that is valued at $5 billion (Cartwright 1105). This newly created pageant industry has changed the child beauty pageant system—contestants are competing at younger ages, they are wearing more makeup, and the focus is shifting away from natural beauty towards glitz and glam. The emergence of a pageant industry has changed the pageant system, but what affect does this industry have on contestants? More importantly, do pageants’ effects on young contestants warrant regulation? As more young girls compete in pageants, answering these questions and determining the effects of child beauty pageants becomes more important. These questions need to be answered so that the well being of pageant participants is ensured. The issue of regulation is of particular importance since parents, pageant companies, and the media all contribute to the growing pageant industry. Some regulation is needed to protect the young participants. Generally this regulation would be the parent’s responsibility, but in this paper I will argue that the industry merits specific regulation. In order to prove that regulation is warranted, I will analyze the negative impacts of the pageant industry using research from psychologists...
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...Childhood obesity has grown into an epidemic within the last 30 years. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011), “7% of children were considered obese in the U.S. in 1980, and by 2008, it was nearly 20%. Additionally, the incidence of obesity among adolescent children, aged 12-19 years, grew from 5% to 18% over the same time period” (CDC, 2011). Coincidentally, over the past 30 years, more parents are working, not only every day, but longer hours, and in many cases both parents are working. Is the rat race killing our kids? There is an epidemic of parents who are too tired or lazy to engage their children, and have begun relying on the T.V., computers, or video games to occupy and entertain them. Also, the evolution of new technology has children involved with a screen of some sort, whether it’s a T.V., video game, cell phone, computer, etc, hence researchers have coined the term, “screen time.” This behavior of instant gratification has created an environment of sedentary behavior, as well as fostering a lack of personal interaction with others. The increase in screen time has become a normal way for parents to occupy their children while they are busy doing tasks of their own or resting after a long day at work. This paper will show that as a society, everyone should be proactive, take responsibility, and offer support and encouragement to promote appropriate physical activity in children. Children must be shown that there are more things to do outside...
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...The Association Between School-Based Physical Activity, Including Physical Education, and Academic Performance U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Division of Adolescent and School Health www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth Revised Version — July 2010 (Replaces April 2010 Early Release) Acknowledgments: This publication was developed for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) Division of Adolescent and School Health (DASH) under contract #200-2002-00800 with ETR Associates. Suggested Citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The association between school-based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary . 5 Introduction . 8 Methods 10 Conceptual Definitions . 10 Inclusion Criteria . 10 Identification of Studies that Met the Inclusion Criteria . 11 Classification of Studies . 11 Study Coding Process . 12 Data Analysis . 13 Results . 14 School-Based Physical Education Studies . 16 Recess Studies . 19 Classroom Physical Activity Studies . 21 Extracurricular Physical Activity Studies . 24 28 Summary . Overall Findings . 28 Findings for Physical...
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...to be physically active and not indolent, which is known to have a sedentary lifestyle. A sedentary lifestyle is a lifestyle with inadequate or infrequent physical activities. The primary reason why Americans are obese includes, lack of exercise, and low self-esteem. Which can be prevented with frequent exercise and healthy diet. Many have blamed the rise in obesity on a more sedentary lifestyle, including the move to suburbs, where people drive instead of walk, and increased viewing of television. One study of children watching television found a significant drop in the average metabolic rate during viewing. There is little doubt that children who exercise less tend to weigh more, but the couch potato argument does not explain why the enormous weight gains have occurred over the past twenty-five years. The move to the suburbs and the widespread viewing of television began in the 1950’s. Furthermore, the couch potato argument neglects the extraordinary rise of female participation in athletics. The number of young women playing a sport in high school has risen almost tenfold, yet girls, like boys, have gained weight. A distinct reason for obesity is low self-esteem. People with sedentary lifestyles tend to lack self-confidence. Overweight or obesity because of infrequent exercise will make them consider themselves as living under the scrutiny of others. Therefore, they become reluctant to having a social life. In other words, sedentary lifestyle brings the negative...
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...The American Academy of Pediatrics Eat Fresh. Move More. Watch Less. Campaign to Combat Obesity in Children & Adolescents XXXXXXXXX November 19, 2013 MKTG201/ACP250, Marketing for Social Change Fall Semester 2013 Contents Executive Summary 3 Background, Purpose, & Focus 3 SWOT Analysis 4 Target Audiences 6 Objectives & Goals 7 Barriers, Benefits, Competition, & Influential Others 8 Positioning Statement 10 Product 10 Price 11 Place 11 Promotion 12 Monitoring & Evaluation 13 Budgets & Funding Sources 13 Implementation Plan & Timeline 15 Resources 16 3 Executive Summary Given the rise in the amount of obese children and adolescents in the United States, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) will implement a campaign to promote in helping our society combat and prevent obesity. The AAP will implement a mobile app to track and promote a healthy lifestyle and to help spread awareness among parents, children, and teenagers. The mobile app will track participants’ goals by observing their meals, exercise patterns, BMI, weight, surveys, etc. The AAP is a leading and respected non-profit organization with its goal of being “dedicated to the health of all children.” In helping AAP implement the program, various school districts, health clubs, the YMCA, Microsoft, physicians, and other companies will assist by donating various items and services. The bulk of the campaign will focus around...
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...done. When injury befalls on a sportsperson, the disruption experienced is amplified, as the person needs to fully recover both physically and mentally before participating again. Injury to any given athlete will cause many diverse effects psychologically, and the way the athlete views the injury is a significant determining factor in his or her ability to come back in full force. Unfortunately, the rate that the body recovers is not always simultaneous with the rate that the mind heals (Podlog & Eklund, 2007), so it is important to make sure restorative treatment is applied toward the mind during rehabilitation. The mental discomfort one experiences from injury is complex, as the person is being affected cognitively, emotionally and behaviorally. To make sure a rehabilitation program will fully heal the mind along with the body, the intricacy of the mental aspect needs special consideration. The rate at which the body recuperates and the amount of influence psychological properties affect that rate depend on if the injury is short term, moderate or severe. When the injury is more severe, more modifications potentially need to be made when returning to the sport which were not concerns before. The value of the injured body part in the athlete’s sport greatly impacts the amount of worry that the athlete will feel about full recovery, as well as about becoming reinjured. Re-injury is especially a concern for those experiencing rehabilitation for the first time, as they are usually...
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...adolescents Chapter I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Social rejection happens when one individual is purposely excluded from social situations. This rejection can be performed by either an individual or group of people, and it can be active or passive in nature. Since 1990’s, when a whole slew of school shooting began to occur across the United States, there have been numerous studies, centred around social rejection. These studies have shown that this type of rejection can lead to variety of negative psychological effects on the sufferer, including aggression and withdrawal. Humans are social creatures, by nature, and rejection is always emotionally painful. Some rejection is normal in life, and just about everyone has experienced, or will experience, some sort of social exclusion during his lifetime. Repeating rejection can be malicious or otherwise; can have negative impact on a person. These rejections can be much more devastating for highly sensitive individual, or if fitting in with in a certain person or group is extremely important to the shunned person. Active social rejection can manifest itself in such form as bullying or teasing. Passive rejection, on the other hand, can be a bit harder to recognize, and it can include ignoring a certain individual and excluding him from certain activities. Although passive rejection may seem to be less cruel, it can have effects that are just as detrimental. Psychologists have over the years...
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...Developmental Effects of Child Sexual Abuse Cathy F. Breingan PSYC355, Child Psychology Joann Altiero, Ph.D. April, 2009 It is difficult to believe that it is a sick world out there full of very sick and vile people. Not only is it bad enough that adults cannot even feel safe anymore out there in the world but the children are just as vulnerable—they are more vulnerable and at risk in more ways than one. One of those vulnerability and risk is child abuse. There are different types of child abuse. They are child neglect, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and the focus of this paper, child sexual abuse. The Darkness to Light Organization “defines child sexual abuse in four distinct ways: (1) Any sexual act between an adult and a minor or between two minors when one exerts power over the other; (2) Forcing, coercing or persuading a child to engage in any type of sexual act. This, of course, includes sexual contact. It also includes non-contact acts such as exhibitionism, exposure to pornography, voyeurism and communication in a sexual manner by phone or internet; (3) an ongoing and traumatic experience for its victims; and (4) a crime punishable by law” (cited in Dove & Miller, 2007). With sexual abuse come negative effects and developmental issues that can carry through adulthood. These effects will haunt the victims for the rest of their lives and will play a very critical part in their overall development. Some of these effects can create...
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