...causes the most plant growth and which color in the visible spectrum causes the least plant growth? If the different light colors affect the plants' growth then the most absorbed colors result in the most growth and the least absorbed ones will cause the least plant growth. 2. How did you test your hypothesis? Which variables did you control in your experiment and which variable did you change in order to compare your growth results? I observed the growth of the plants under each light color. The variables were the different light colors (red, orange, green, violet, and blue). 3. Analyze the results of your experiment. Did your data support your hypothesis? Explain. If you conducted tests with more than one type of seed, explain any differences or similarities you found among types of seeds....
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...Unfortunately, people living in urban places don’t have backyards. There are a few plants that will grow with only one light in a windowless office or a one-room apartment whose single window faces into an air shaft. (House Plants, 1975) Artificial lighting is the answer for almost any kind of plant that can be grown if enough artificial light is provided, even in situations where no other light is available. Artificial lights allow regular people to plant whole gardens in places where no plant would ordinarily grow. A lesson in cell metabolism-energy and photosynthesis mentions that “chlorophyll absorbs most red, orange, blue, and violet light. It reflects green and yellow light, giving its body a green coloring”. This statement got the researchers curious and wondered if plants act differently to the green and yellow colors of light, then they should have different reactions and effects to every color of light. (Capco C., Yang G., 2010). This study aimed to find if there exist a significiant difference in the growth of plants when exposed to different colors of light specifically red, yellow, green, blue, and white. In this case, the researchers chose the mongo plant since it grows quickly and the researchers can quickly gather the needed data immediately. B. Statement of the Problem This study determined and compared the effect of different colors of light on the growth of mongo plants. Furthermore, it addressed the following...
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... in a Hydroponic Solution, and the Growth and Productivity of a Bean Plant. Introduction: Photosynthesis is the process that plants use to convert light energy into chemical energy. The chemical energy is stored in glucose. The chemical reaction for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O (+ light energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2. Glucose needs UV light, carbon dioxide, and water to form. The UV light from and water is absorbed into the plant by the leaves of the plant. In the mesophyll cells of the leaves, organelles called the chloroplasts contain chlorophyll that absorbs the energy from light (Campbell and Lawrence, 1999). Chlorophyll looks green because it absorbs red and blue light; it is the green light which is not absorbed that is reflected. The CO2 for photosynthesis comes from the atmosphere, and it is absorbed by the stomata of the plants (Campbell and Lawrence, 1999). Stomata are pores that open and contract to allow the CO2 to enter and O2 to exit (Campbell and Lawrence, 1999). While it is most common for CO2 to be absorbed by the leaf of the plants, there is evidence that suggests that CO2 can be absorbed by the roots of the plants (Makino and Tadahiko, 1999). Plants have an optimal range for the amount of CO2 they can absorb, and it increase the growth rate of the plant (Poorter, 1993). When a plant reaches its saturation point, consequently; the CO2 will have a negative effect on the plant and inhibit its growth (Poorter 1993). Growth is inhibited by accumulation of carbohydrates...
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...ROYGBIV Colored Light Waves as Enhancer of the Photosynthetic Process and an Aid in Sustaining the Process without the Presence of Sunlight In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements in Science 9 Basa, Jezrelle Anne B. Butor, Christian Aris R. Dagami, Danielle Amber M. De Guia, Alyssa Eunice G. Abstract This investigation focuses on how the ROYGBIV colored cellophanes can affect the plant growth of each plant. This research paper contains the different functions of colored light waves to a plant that may help for better and healthier plant growth. The light can affect the plants by using different color of light waves. Each color has different function and uses but it depends to what color is the light will be used. As we all know, we need sunlight in order the plant to grow but in this research we can therefore conclude that plants can also grow without the presence of sunlight but instead we can use the ROYGBIV colored cellophane light waves in order the plant to grow. Also, we wanted to avoid the use of chemical fertilizers because it can affect the environmental issues and human health in a negative way. By avoiding the use of it we can attain the safety of our health and to avoid the negative effect in the plants and organisms that balance the organisms. Upon trying many colors of light waves, we have proven that the red and blue colors have the greatest impact on the plant growth, while the green light appear to be the least effective because it only gives color...
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...Name: ______________________________ Total:____ ___/__14___ EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Directions: Read the following experiments and fill in the blanks that follow. For 3 and 4 answers, there is not a control group listed in the example. 1. A study was created to test the effects of jazz on people’s sleep patterns. The hypothesis of the experiment was that if people listened to jazz music as they fall asleep, they will sleep for longer periods of time. For the experiment, 2 groups of people were created. One group was placed in a quiet room where they went to sleep and they were timed on how long they slept. The other group was placed in a room where jazz music played softly as they began to sleep and played throughout the night. As each group awoke, their sleep times were monitored. Dependent Variable: ______________________ Control Group: ____________________________ Independent Variable: _____________________ Experimental Group: _______________________ 2. A study was created to test the effects of fear in children. The hypothesis of the experimenters was that if babies were exposed to fuzzy bunnies and at the same time a loud cymbal was struck close behind them, then that child would be afraid of all fuzzy things. Another group of children would be exposed to bunnies without any loud noises. The study was carried out as planned and as a result, hundreds of young children developed fear of all cute furry...
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...their height and abundance. Hypothesis Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no significant correlation between the management of an area and percentage cover of buttercups. Alternate Hypothesis (H1): There is a significant correlation between the management of an area and percentage cover of buttercups. Background information The Buttercups are considered to be simple because the floral parts of the plant: petals, sepals, stamens and pistils-are all of an indefinite number and separate from one another. Also, the stamens and pistils are spirally inserted in a cone-like vessel, although it is often very small to see. Buttercups can have either regular or irregular flowers with anywhere from 3 to 15 sepals, often coloured like petals, and 0 to 23 actual petals.[2] There are often, but not always, numerous stamens and numerous simple pistils (also known as apocarpous). The floral parts are all independently attached below a superior ovary. Figure 1 The most accurate pattern to look for is the multiple simple pistils at the centre of the flower. In more advanced plant families there is typically only one pistil, the result of a reduction in numbers along with the fusion of several pistils to make a single compound pistil. A flower with multiple pistils is very likely a Buttercup, but could potentially be confused with species from the Rose subfamily of the Rose Family. A secondary pattern that is often easier to see, but not as consistent, is the hooked tips on the pistils...
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...would respond that light is colorless. But, in reality, the air around us contains every single color of the visible light portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. “Electromagnetic waves are waves produced by a vibrating electrical charge that can travel through a vacuum, such as outer space, or through air on Earth. These waves come in different speeds, or frequencies. The faster a wave vibrates, the shorter its wavelength, which is the distance between two waves at the same point in their cycles” (Blackwell & Manar, 2015). The electromagnetic spectrum is a spectrum of all light, all the way from gamma rays to radio waves. Humans can only recognize visible light, which is a small portion of the spectrum. The visible light spectrum ranges from violet to red light....
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...CHAPTER I PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Background of the Study Have you ever wondered how laundry detergents started? Where did one of our most used cleaning products come from? Initially, people would wash their clothing in a lake or river using a wash board and some soap. Throughout the time of the Egyptians and Babylonians, soaps came from rendered animal fat and ashes. It wasn't until World War II that laundry detergents came out. Laundry detergent is not a soap but actually a chemical compound which cleans clothing by keeping the dirt suspended in the water while breaking down barries between the water molecules so the water can be more efficient. Using laundry detergent was cheaper, more efficient method of washing clothing and it did not take long for people to start switching to this method. To add on, in the past, lye was a popular soap product. However, standard and lye based soaps were found to be too harsh on washing machines and thus ended the use of lye. Unfortunately, this does not mean that laundry detergents are no longer harmful. Laundry detergents impact the environment and clean water standards making them much worse for us than they were in the past. It is incredibly difficult to control the impact that laundry detergents have on the environment with all the chemicals that are in the bottle. Plus, most people have no way of knowing what is in their laundry detergent because it is not legally required that the ingredients be listed on the label. Thus,...
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...as it is the first event that moves the seed from a dry, quiescent, dormant organism to the resumption of embryo growth (Bewley, 1997).The breaking of the quiescent and subsequent germination depends on the sufficiency of oxygen, proper amount of water and suitable temperature (Parker, 2000). The penetration of water to the seed coat causes the hard and dry tissues inside to soften. This speeds up the seed metabolism, allowing the water to move quicker as the seed coat splits open. Once the seed are imbibed, the action of enzyme (amylase) takes place (Fenner & Thompson, 2005). It begins during the lag phase of water uptake. The role of enzyme in seed germination is to mobilize nutrients to the growing region of the embryo. Germination of seed is considered complete upon the emergence of radicles from the seed (Copeland, 1999). Germination only occurs when the seed plant is exposed to a favorable condition. The factors affecting the germination of seeds include oxygen, water availability and temperature. Other factors include hormones, the depth at which the seed was planted and light. In this experiment only the effect of light, planting depth and hormone (abscisic acid) will be examined. There are two ways in which light can influence the germination of seed. It can either inhibit or promote seed germination (Bewley, 1997). Abscisic acid is an endogenous plant hormone that has many roles. It is responsible in promoting the dormancy and maturing of seeds, promotes synthesis...
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...The hormones Gibberellins and how they affect growth in Brassica Rapa seedlings Jordyn Ackerman INTRODUCTION Gibberellins are a group of plant growth hormones. Found in seeds and in parts of adult plants, theses hormones affect the growth of many plant traits. Gibberellin influences plant attributes like, flower yield, style dry weight, and plant weight, height, and width (Tookalloo, M.R., Mollafilabi, A., & Mohassel, M.H.R. 2010). These hormones work by increasing cell divisions, resulting in larger elongation in the cells produced. Gibberellin enhances nutritional metabolites helping the growth of the plants (Radhakrishnan R, Lee I. 2016). Gibberellin can be applied to plants to induce the hormones effects. A shortage of the hormone will cause a lack in growth....
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...to evaluate how the plant hormone Gibberellic Acid (GA3) affects how the four different genotypes in the Brassica rapa plant use the plant hormone in their plant growth. The Brassica rapa plant (dicot) is also known by the trademark name Wisconsin fast plant because they have been genetically bred to complete their life cycle in approximately one month. This makes it easier to be used in experiments because of their rapid growth which it produces quicker results. The genotypes that were used include a wild type, elongate, petite, and the rosette. There were three treatments used on the four genotypes; water, Ga3 and Cycocel. These treatments were sprayed two times consistently per day over three weeks for each genotype. Gibberellic acid is a plant hormone which acts as a stimulator for growth and development for the plant. Cycocel however, is a plant inhibitor that inhibits growth and development. This experiment was placed in an apparatus which allows the excess to drain while a wicking system keeps the plants moist. The apparatus was also placed under a light source which was on a limited time cycle. The lights were on for 16 hours each day starting at 7am and were off for 8 hours a day starting at 11pm. Wild type and petite genotypes already contained normal amounts of Ga3, while the elongate over produced Ga3 and rosette under produced Ga3. At the end of the experiment, the genotypes, wild type, petite, and rosette, had the most growth in the Ga3, whereas elongate...
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...experiment was: the effect of salt water on the growth of plants. One group of plants well watered with normal water and the other group will be watered with saltwater (More information about groups and variables under heading: Variables and Groups, that is located later in the report). In previous tests, the plants that contained saltwater did not grow a lot and the salt had a negative impact on the plant. Osmosis is one of the factors that have a negative effect. When salt is present in the water, it tends to tends to pull out the water from the roots. The roots pull in the available water while the salt pulls out the water. Salt can also cause dehydration to plants, which can cause the plant to shrive and die....
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...unique hairs on their legs allow them to skate across the water’s surface. They have three pairs of legs like insects but the backs legs are much longer to aid with steering and the front legs are used for grasping prey. The water strider lays eggs on the edge of water on rocks or aquatic plants. These insects eat other insects no matter if they are dead or alive. They have sucking mouth used to eat either terrestrial insects that have accidentally fallen on the water’s surface or other aquatic insects like mosquito larvae as it comes to the surface (National Wildlife Federation, 1996-2013). There are several factors that can change the stability and growth of this insect’s reproduction and population growth. Abiotic factors like water, temperature, and light can change the population but biotic factors like plants or other organisms can alter it also. If change within an environment happens then change to the organisms within the environment will happen as well (Elzinga, 2004). Abiotic Factors Abiotic factors are non- living components like water, temperature, and light. A rapid increase or decrease in any of these factors would have an effect on this species. Water is important to the water strider population because it is here that it lives and obtains its...
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...make up our skin and hair. Proteins also help us digest food. We get our nitrogen from plants, and plants get it from bacteria in the soil. Our atmosphere provides life with the nitrogen it needs. In the atmosphere, Nitrogen exists as a very stable molecule, N2, which is not used by plants and animals. It is an essential element for plant growth and development and a key agricultural input, but in excess it can lead to a host of problems for human and ecological health. (2) Across the globe, distribution of fertilizer nitrogen is very uneven, with some areas subject to nitrogen pollution and others suffering from reduced soil fertility, diminished crop production, and other consequences of inadequate supply. (2) The nitrogen cycle is one of the important systems for living things as it is a continuous series of natural processes by which Nitrogen passes from the air to the soil, to plants, and ultimately to sustain all animal life, and then returns back to the air or soil through decay or de-nitrification(3). In a natural ecosystem bacteria called Diazotrophs take nitrogen out of the air and change it into ammonia in the soil, this process can be either biological or abiotic and is known as Nitrogen Fixation.(6) Those nutrients help plants grow. When animals eat plants, they also eat the nitrogen inside the plants. The animals return nitrogen to the soil through their waste. Plants and animals also return nitrogen into the soil with their bodies when they die. The cycle...
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...Biology notes Unit 4- Populations and the Environment 1. Populations 3 1.1 Populations and ecosystems 3 1.2 Investing populations 3 1.3 Variation in population size 5 1.4 Competition 6 1.5 Predation 8 1.6 Human populations 10 2. ATP 12 2.1 Energy and ATP 12 3. Photosynthesis 14 3.1 Overview of Photosynthesis 14 3.2 The Light- dependent reaction 16 3.3 The Light Independent Reaction 17 3.4 Factors Affecting Photosynthesis 18 4. Respiration 20 4.1 Glycolysis 20 4.2 Link reaction and Krebs cycle 21 4.3 The electron transport chain 23 4.4 Anaerobic respiration 24 5. Energy and Ecosystems 25 5.1 Food chains and Food webs 25 5.2 Energy Transfer between Trophic Levels 26 5.3 Ecological Pyramids 27 5.4 Agricultural Ecosystems 28 5.5 Chemical and Biological Control of Agricultural Pests 29 5.6 Intensive Rearing of Domestic Livestock 31 6. Nutrient Cycles 33 6.1 The carbon cycle 33 6.2 The greenhouse effect and global warming 34 6.3 The Nitrogen Cycle 35 6.4 Use of Natural and Artificial Fertilisers 36 6.5 Environmental consequences of using nitrogen fertilisers 36 7. Ecological Succession 37 Succession 37 7.2 Conservation of Habitats 38 8. Inheritance and Selection 39 8.1 Studying inheritance 39 8.2 Monohybrid Inheritance 40 8.3 Sex Inheritance and Sex Linkage 41 8.4 Co-dominance and Multiple Alleles 42 ...
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