...Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that makes people unconsciously have mood swings periodically. “This disorder is also known as manic-depressive disorder, bipolar disorder is most commonly found in young adults, and in some cases, children as well.” Statistics show that the bipolar disorder affects about four million people in the United States, and is becoming one of the most common disabilities in the United States today. People with the bipolar disorder undergo two specific mood swings: depression and mania. The bipolar disorder was discovered during the time of the ancient Greeks. “During the time of the ancient Greeks, it was believed that bipolar disorder was caused by inspirations, environment, spiritual factors, as well as emotions,...
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...Culture and Disease Bipolar Disorder in the United States Briana M. Bowers HCS/245 October 19, 2011 Rebecca Johnson BIPOLAR DISORDER IN THE UNITED STATES It is well known that diseases come in many forms. Whether the illness is physical or mental, the treatment for one should be as equally important as the other. Mental illnesses can affect the way one lives their lives. Depending on the severity of an individual’s mental illness can sometimes develop a physical disability if untreated. Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness defined as “a manic-depressive illness. It is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks” (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2008). Bipolar Disorder is easily described as a “roller coaster of emotions”; this meaning a person can switch between high and low emotions/behaviors at any given time. It has also been noted for an individual to experience hallucinations or delusions, depending on the severity of the current state that person is in. An article on Bipolar Disorder found on Health.com and reported on CNN.com notes, “2.4% of people have been diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder. Out of an 11-nation study, the United States has the highest lifetime rate of Bipolar Disorder at 4.4%, and India with the lowest at 0.1%” (Gardner, 2011). Bipolar Disorder comes in different forms. Bipolar Disorder I is “mainly manic or mixed episodes that last at least seven days...
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...Abstract Bipolar disorder has two levels that is associated with mental illness. The diagnosis of Bipolar disorder correlation with other disorders and has made it very difficult to diagnoses without connecting it to another mental illness. The most common links associated with Bipolar are mood disorders, disruptive disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety disorders to name a few. Each of these disorders has very similar symptoms changing personalities at any given time. Bipolar I and II have manic and hypomanic episodes occurs in an everyday or a total of a week the symptoms are increased displaying abnormal behavior. Hypomanic episode is a higher level severity of mood swings with elevated energy lasting four consecutive days and is present the majority of the day. Bipolar II has the same episodes reoccurring with escalated energy and activity, lasting longer than four days. According to research, Bipolar II is linked to substance abuse, severe depression, and schizophrenia that are unpredictable with the symptoms that cause clinical distress and impairment in social setting and a work environment. Hypomania episode and Depressive Disorder fluctuate between Bipolar I and II disorders. Researcher has found that Bipolar Disorder is genetically connected at an early age. Diagnosis is very difficult to recognize at such an early age, because is connected to other illness such as medical diagnoses or ADHD. Bipolar disorder is highly unpredictable with students were missed...
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...INTRODUCTION Psychologists classify aggression as instrumental and hostile. Instrumental aggression is aggressive behavior intended to achieve a goal. It is not necessarily intended to hurt another person. For example, a soccer player who knocks a teammate down as they both run to stop the ball from reaching the opposing team's goalpost is not trying to hurt the teammate. Hostile aggression, onthe other hand, is aggressive behavior whose only purpose is to hurt someone.Hostile aggression includes physical or verbal assault and other antisocialbehaviors. Most studies of aggression are geared toward hostile aggression. There are several forms of self-control training, which teaches people to control their own anger and aggression by making verbal statements in which the person tells him/herself to respond to anger and arousal by thinking first and then using less aggressive behavior. Self-control training includes rational restructuring, cognitive self-instruction, and stress inoculation. Self-control training has been proven to work and is being used more and more often. Contingency management, the use of rewards and non-physical punishment to control aggression, has the longest history as a method to control aggression. It has been very effective in controlling aggression, especially when it combines rewards for increasing constructive or pro-social behaviors with non-physical...
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...through their own concept of the world and since no two people experience the world in the exact same way the definition of normal varies from person to person and culture to culture. In this paper we will examine the field of abnormal psychology, a few common disorders, and the varying methods of therapy from the differing psychological schools of thought. Normal vs. Abnormal Psychology “Defining what is abnormal depends on how one first defines what is normal” (Davis & Buskist, 2008, p. 237). Psychology in general terms is the study of the mind. We study mental processes and human behavior to better understand the human condition. In trying to study the mind and understand the processes of thought there is much overlap from other disciplines; to fully understand behavior we must gain an understanding of all that goes into the process. There are biological, neurological, and evolutionary components to cognition and reaction. There is also a strong philosophical aspect to appreciating the idiosyncrasies of human behavior. In modern psychology there are four main schools of thought: psychodynamic, behaviorist, cognitive, and evolutionary (Kowalski & Westen, 2011). Psychodynamic theory is based on emotions (subconscious) dictating behavior. Behaviorists believe that environmental stimuli are the starting place of behavior. Cognitive theorists take a more biologic approach by looking at brain function (cognition and perception) as the key to understanding the mind. Evolutionary proponents...
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...What Is Mental Health? Mental health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Over the course of your life, if you experience mental health problems, your thinking, mood, and behavior could be affected. Many factors contribute to mental health problems, including: * Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry * Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse * Family history of mental health problems Mental health problems are common but help is available. People with mental health problems can get better and many recover completely. Mental health is a level of psychological well-being, or an absence of a mental disorder;[1] it is the "psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment".[2] From the perspective of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience.[1] According to World Health Organization (WHO) mental health includes "subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, intergenerational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others."[3] WHO...
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...Depression is not only a state of being sad, it is a disease that conquers the ability to feel emotion, whether good or bad, whatsoever. Depression not only involves the mind, it also involves the body and thoughts. In different cultures some complain of excessive headaches and extreme pain and this is identified as depression, moderate or otherwise. This disease can be passed down through genes or can follow external events or can be caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain. Depression affects twenty percent of all Americans, some without even knowing it, at sometime during their lives. Depression is not a disease that only influences males or children of the age three to eleven. Every human being is prone to depression. Although women are three times more likely to become depressed than men, men are five times more likely to commit suicide when depressed than women. Some think that women have a less pleasing social role and their hormones make them more susceptible to depression. Men are more subject to keep their emotions bottled up inside of them because of their role in society and that they do not have the society’s permission to express their feelings openly. Major Depression is the most severe case of depression that there is. The symptoms for Major Depression are just like any other type of depression. To be Majorly Depressed you do not have to have been hospitalized or medicated. Lots of people get depression confused with extreme sadness. Depression is not a term...
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... Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Society itself can play a role on an individual and have an effect on that person in many ways. Laws can be passed that can create severe punishments for antisocial behaviors which can have a strong desire for ethics and morals which comes through religious institutions. The primary reason why society can control behavior of some citizens is the natural need for growth and maturity. In this paper we will examine two mental disorders and two mental illnesses along with the similarities and differences from the perspective of psychology and school of thought for treating mental disorders. Normal psychology is described as a person appearing to be in good mental and physical health. He/she tends to be in compliance to societies expectations and would be generally considered a normal person by the general population. The patterns of behavior tend to be equivalent to those demonstrated by most of society. Society controls behavior by two different means. Tradition and Laws! First let us examine tradition. Traditions are simply rituals, which are as old as humanity and conducted so that everyone will behave in a socially acceptable way. For example, table manners are a universal claim, with variations existing in different cultures; they remain similar all around the world. Laws are established by society which mandates acceptable behavior. Natural law and positive law are the two basic categories of law. Natural law which has been...
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...MINDANAO SANITARIUM AND HOSPITAL COLLEGE SCHOOL OF NURSING A CASE PRESENTATION OF BIPOLAR 1 DISORDER In Partial Fulfillment of the Course NCM 105 Related Learning Experiences January 2013 Table of Contents The Authors Acknowledgement Dedication Objectives of the Study Introduction CHAPTER I -Assessment Psychiatric Nursing History Anamnesis Genogram Mini Mental Status Examination Mental Status Exam Physical Assessment Diagnostic Studies Nurse’s Progress Notes CHAPTER II – Diagnosis and Analysis Psychodynamics Psychodynamics Concept map Life Chart Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder CHAPTER III – Planning and Implementation Nursing Care Plans Psychotherapist Nurse’s Process Recording or NPI CHAPTER IV – Psychopharmacology CHAPTER V – Discharge Plan CHAPTER VI – Evaluation, Prognosis and Recommendation GLOSSARY REFERENCES THE AUTHORS BSN 3B – Group 1 Bandiola, Maricar Mae Bolo, Princess Venimarie Cristobal, Rosnel Dag-uman, Leslie Ann Fuentes, Rajiv Jun Maglasang, Crizza Mariz Montefalcon, Jessel Nasala, Queency Pranza, Mae Kenneth Quinalayo, Paul Vincent Valiente, Katherine ACKNOWLEDGEMENT People would always say, “Two heads are better than one”. How much more if there are more heads than two? A project like this would definitely never be accomplished without the collaboration of many people. First and foremost, we would like to thank our heavenly father for giving us the knowledge...
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...alterations of brain structure. This view is due to the failure of pathologists to find convincing pathological changes associated with the disease in the first seven decades of the century. Over the last ten years things have changed considerably. Recent CT and MRI scan, and also postmortem studies show that various brain areas of schizophrenic patients are altered. HISTORY The two key people in the history of Schizophrenia were Emil Kraepelin and Eugene Blealer. Kraepelin organized the seriously mentally ill patients by three diagnostic groups: dementia praecox, manic depressive psychosis, and paranoia. Kraeplin’s description of dementia praecox emphasizes a chronic deteriorating course, in addition to including such clinical phenomena as hallucinations and delusions. Kraepelin reported that approximately 4% of his patients had complete recoveries and 13% had significant remissions. The term "manic depressive psychosis" identified patients who experienced episodes of illness separated by virtually complete remissions. Patients diagnosed as having paranoia had as their major symptom persistent persecutors delusions. Blealer coined the term "Schizophrenia", which means split...
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...Depression There are many people all over the world who suffer with serious symptoms and issues that are caused from depression. One of the most surprising elements of depression is that it is not only a condition that affects a person mentally; however, it also affects a person physically. There are a significant amount of symptoms for people who are experiencing depression. Some of the most common symptoms for depression include feeling sad about something in particular, becoming tired and fatigued all of the time, finding it to be a challenge to get out of bed in the morning, procrastinating on important events, and finding it hard to get joy out of traditionally joyful events in life. These are just a few of the most common symptoms of depression. There are a number of reasons that people get depression. Sometimes people begin to feel depressed after a significant negatively charged event in his or her life. For instance, someone could begin to exhibit signs of depression after a death in the family. The signs of depression might not even be apparent right away. The sadness might start out as tears for the loss of a loved one; however, over time this sadness can begin to be translated in to a long-term depression for the person who lost a loved one. Other depressions might be started from having difficulty finding a career, or paying bills. Some people become depressed after a traumatic event, and others after having an argument with someone. There are tons of forms of depression...
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...bets and spectacular losses are more often treated as individual failures than systemic ones; risky behavior is seen as a sign of intestinal fortitude, not foolishness. In the wake of the multibillion-dollar trading loss atJPMorgan Chase (JPM)—considered the best in the business at risk management—the financial industry has focused on who did what, when, and how big the losses might get. But that doesn’t explain why the firm’s traders and executives doubled down on a position that, in hindsight, looked clearly doomed. What were they thinking? That question, in essence, is what John Coates has devoted his life to answering. Coates once ran a derivatives desk at Deutsche Bank (DB) in New York, until he decided he was more interested in trying to figure out why people are such poor judges of risk than he was in trying to profit from it. Now a senior research fellow at the University of Cambridge, he is employing the tools of neuroscience to identify the biological basis of what John Maynard Keynes called the market’s “animal spirits.” In particular, Coates focuses on two hormones: testosterone, which increases our appetite for risk, and cortisol, which makes us shy away from it. Drawing on his Wall Street connections, he has been able to treat the trading floors of investment banks as his labs. The answers he’s finding could help financial institutions understand how the banking culture exacerbates the very tendencies companies should be guarding against. There may not have been a...
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...Borderline Personality Disorder: DSMDiagnosing and Empirically-Based TreatmentKelli RodriguezCapella University1 Borderline Personality Disorder AbstractThe DSM-IV is widely used in the mental health field. Some of its many uses include providinga common language among professionals about psychopathology and delineating criteria for diagnosing individuals with mental disorders. This paper explores the purpose, history, andlimitations of the DSM diagnostic approach. A case study is provided and the DSM-IV-TR isused to diagnosis borderline personality disorder. The disorder is described and an empirically- based treatment plan is offered.2 Borderline Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder: DSM Diagnosing and Empirically-Based TreatmentThe APA (2000) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is widelyused by mental health professionals. It provides a common language about psychopathologyamong clinicians, researchers, students, and other mental health professionals. Since its inceptioninto the field of mental health, it has made a huge impact on clinical practice, research, andeducation. Although it has advanced the field of mental health, there is still criticism of theDSM classification system. Despite its limitations, it continues to be considered an importantreference for mental health professionals. This paper will explore the DSM’s use within the fieldof psychopathology. Then it will be applied to a case study of a 15 year-old girl with...
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...The date was November 14, 2011. The patient was OG, a twenty-four year old male Hispanic. He immigrated to the United States when he was 5 years old from Guatemala, with his mother and he is a legal American citizen. He was brought to Aurora Behavioral healthcare on a 5150 by ex-wife and her parents due to suicidal ideation with a plan to overdose on his medications. He complained of worsening depression, anxiety, and panic attacks. He felt hopeless and had suicidal ideation prior to admission. The ex-wife reported she had received a text from the patient saying, “I need to do something before I hurt myself. You’d be better off if I were dead.” He and his wife separated in December of 2010 and the divorce was finalized in August 2011. The couple separated because of violence; they had gotten into an argument and he pushed her. His ex-wife stated OG’s depression had gotten worse over the past week. The patient said he suffered from blackouts and he couldn’t remember things that had happened. On September 21, 2011 he was arrested while working in Las Vegas for using technology to lure a minor and was in jail for 11 days. The patient said he blacks out and did not remember the incident and woke up in jail. In October of 2011 his physician NP Brantman, prescribed him trazodone, Abilify and Seroquel. He was admitted for suicidal ideation and major depression. Hispanics for the most part believe that health is...
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...September 11, 2015 Question no. 1 1. Visual/Spatial - Involves visual perception of the environment, the ability to create and manipulate mental images, and the orientation of the body in space. 2. Verbal/Linguistic - Involves reading, writing, speaking, and conversing in one's own or foreign languages. 3. Logical/Mathematical - Involves number and computing skills, recognizing patterns and relationships, timeliness and order, and the ability to solve different kinds of problems through logic. 4. Bodily/Kinesthetic - Involves physical coordination and dexterity, using fine and gross motor skills, and expressing oneself or learning through physical activities. 5. Musical - Involves understanding and expressing oneself through music and rhythmic movements or dance, or composing, playing, or conducting music. 6. Interpersonal - Involves understanding how to communicate with and understand other people and how to work collaboratively. 7. Intrapersonal - Involves understanding one's inner world of emotions and thoughts, and growing in the ability to control them and work with them consciously. 8. Naturalist - Involves understanding the natural world of plants and animals, noticing their characteristics, and categorizing them; it generally involves keen observation and the ability to classify other things as well. http://www.cse.emory.edu/sciencenet/mismeasure/genius/research02.html Question no.2 Self-Assessment: This can be defined as having the...
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